• 대한간호
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.79-91
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify the meaningful nursing diagnosis in maternity unit and to suggest formally the basal data to the nursing service with scientific approach. The subject for this paper were 64 patients who admitted to Chung Ang University Hospital, Located in Seoul, from Mar. 10, to July 21, 1993. The results were as follows: 1. The number of nursing diagnosis from 64 patients were 892 and average number of nursing diagnosis per patient was 13.9. 2. Applying the division of nursing diagnosis to Roy's Adaptation Model, determined nursing diagnosis from the 64 patients were 621 (69.6%) in physiological adaptation mode and (Comfort, altered r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t), (Infection, potential for r/t), (Bowel elimination, altered patterns r/t), (Breathing pattern, ineffective r/t), (Nutrition, altered r/t less than body requirement) in order, and 139 (15.6%) in role function mode, (Self care deficit r/t), (Knowledge deficit r/t), (Mobility, impaired physical r/t) in order, 122 (13.7%) in interdependence adaptation mode, (Anxiety r/t), (Family Process, altered r/t) in order, 10(1.1%) in self concept adaptation mode, (Powerlessness r/t), (Grieving, dysfunctional r/t) in order. 3. Nursing diagnosis in maternity unit by the medical diagnosis, the average hospital dates were 3.8 days in normal delivery and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t) 64.6%, (Self care deficit r/t) 13.6% in order, and the average hospital dates were 9.6 days in cesarean section delivery and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t) 51.6%, (Self care deficit r/t) 15.2%, (Infection, potential for r/t) 9.9%, (Injury, potential "for r/t) 8.1%, (Anxiety r/t) 5.0%, (Mobility, impaired physical r/t) 3.3% in order, and the average hospital dates were 15.8days in preterm labor and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/ t), (Anxiety r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t) in order, and the average short-term hospital dates were 2.5days, long-term hospital dates were 11.5days in gynecologic diseases and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t). (Self care deficit r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t), (Infection, potential for r/t) in order.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

상업용 풍력발전단지에 설치된 기상 탑의 측정데이터와 풍력터빈의 SCADA(Supervisory Control and data Acquisition) 데이터를 이용하여 풍력터빈의 후류영향을 분석하고 후류 풍속저감 예측을 위한 eddy viscosity 모델 및 난류강도 예측을 위한 Lange 모델의 계산값과 비교하였다. 후류영향 분석결과, 자유단(free stream) 풍속이 낮을수록 풍력터빈 후류에서의 풍속 감소율은 증가하였으며 후류 난류강도 역시 자유단 풍속이 낮아질수록 증가하는 특징을 보였다. Eddy viscosity 모델에 의해 예측된 풍력터빈 후류중심에서의 풍속 감소율은 측정값에 비해 과대 예측되었으며 Lange 모델에 의한 후류 난류강도 예측은 실측값과 유사하게 예측되고 있음을 보였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2017

Based on a simultaneous-equation model consisting of aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply, this paper estimates a reduced-form equation specifying that the equilibrium real GDP is a function of the real effective exchange rate, the government deficit as a percent of GDP, the real interest rate, foreign income, labor productivity, the real oil price, the expected inflation rate, and the interactive and intercept binary variables accounting for a potential change in the slope of the real effective exchange rate and shift in the intercept. Applying the exponential GARCH technique, it finds that aggregate output in Australia has a positive relationship with the real effective exchange rate during 2003.Q3 - 2013.Q2, the government deficit as a percent of GDP, U.S. real GDP, labor productivity and the real oil price and a negative relationship with the real effective exchange rate during 2013.Q3 - 2016.Q1, the real lending rate and the expected inflation rate. These results suggest that real appreciation was expansionary before 2013.Q3 whereas real depreciation was expansionary after 2013.Q2 and that more government deficit as a percent of GDP would be helpful to stimulate the economy. Hence, the impact of real appreciation or real depreciation on real GDP may change overtime.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2008

Background: Microglia produces a barrage of factors (IL-l, TNF-$\alpha$, NO, superoxide) that are toxic to neurons and playa major role in the cellular immune response associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease(AD). OJaJiHwangEumJa(OJJHEJ) has been usually used for the treatment of senile disorders. For enhancing efficacy and convenience, the change of the drug delivery device of oriental herbal medicine is required. Objective: This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on proinflammatory cytokine of microglia and memory deficit model. Method: The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract on production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results: 1. The OJJHEJ hot water extract suppressed the production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in BV2 microglial cell line and the production of IL-6 was suppressed significantly. 2. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 3. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusions: This experiment shows that the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be effective for the prevention and treatment of memory impairment diseases. Investigation into the clinical use of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

Objective: This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. Method: The effects of the KSKH hot water extract on expression of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA and production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. The effects of the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results: 1. The KSKH hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. 2. The KSKH hot water extract suppressed the production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in 100$\mu g/m\ell$ concentration of BV2 microglial cell line culture supernatant. 3. The KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE activation significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 4. The KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder showed significant effect on memory impairment in the stop-through latency type of Morris water maze test. Conclusions: This experiment shows that the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be effective for the prevention and treatment of amnesia and Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for amnesia and Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1200-1210
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. The effects of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract on expression of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA and production of IL-lP, IL-6, TNF-a, NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) ; serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine , behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and were investigated, respectively. The CMT and MCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA, production of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, ROS and increased the expression of IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$l mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. The CMT and MCMT hotwater extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of dementia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.997-1008
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CMT and PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. The effects of the CMT and PCMT hot water extract on expression of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2, IL-10, $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA and production of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) , serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine , behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and were investigated, respectively. The CMT and PCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-11, COX-2 mRNA, production of $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, ROS and increased the expression of IL-10, $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. The CMT and PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CMT and PCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of dementia.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.389-401
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• 2012

This paper derives a benchmark dose(BMD) and its 95% lower confidence limit(BMDL) using a semi-parametric regression model for small lead based changes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) scores in the first wave of the Children's Health and Environment Research(CHEER) survey data, which have been regularly collected in South Korea since 2005. Ha et al. (2009) showed that the appearance of ADHD symptoms had a borderline trend of increasing with the blood lead concentration. Butdz-J${\o}$rgensen (EFSA, 2010a) derived the BMDL of lead corresponding to a benchmark region of 1 full intelligent quotient (IQ) score using the raw data in Lanphear et al. (2005, EHP). European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2010b) determined the BMDL of $1.2{\mu}g/dl$ as a reference point for the characterization of lead when assessing the risk of the intellectual deficit measured by IQ scores. Kim et al. (2011) indicated that an even lower BMDL could be obtained based on the ADHD score; however, the BMDLs depended heavily upon the model assumptions. We show in this paper that a semi-parametric approach resolves the model dependence of BMDLs.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2004

In this study analyzed the reliability indices against the water supply ability of Andong dam. The water supply analysis of Andong dam used the HEC-5 model. So Andong dam simulated planed water-supply capacity of Andong dam as increase and decrease +5% ～ -5% of water supply quantity. Water-supply capacity of Andong dam estimated, deficit occurrence, deficit quantity, deficit period. As the results estimated reliability(occurrence based, time based, quantity based) and resiliency vulnerability and with water supply capacity evaluation indices of Andong dam. Also reliability(occurrence based, time based, quantity based), resiliency, vulnerability and resiliency indices are estimated to evaluated the performance of water supply on Andong dam, and their relationships are evaluated.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 월 강우량과 월 증발량 자료만 있는 하천유역에 대하여 장기 물수지 분석을 실시하는 방법론을 제시하고져 하였다. 단기간의 월 강우량 자료를 경혐공식에 의해 월 유출량 자료로 변환시킨 후 추계학적 모의발생 모형을 사용하여 이들 단기 유출자료로부터 일군의 장기 유출자료계열을 발생시켰고, 자료계열별로 갈수빈도해석에 의해 최대 갈수기간 및 월 강수량계열을 작성하였다. 계획년도별 각종 용수수요를 표준절차에 의해 추정하였으며 순 물소모량도 계산하였다. 유역내의 기존 저수지를 총괄하는 합성저수지를 통해 Deficit-Supply 방법으로 물 수지분석을 실시한 결과 물 부족량은 갈수재현기간이 커짐에 따라 급격하게 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 하천 유역의 장기 물 수지분석을 통해 신뢰성있는 물 부족량을 계산하기 위해서는 추계학적 모의발생모형에 의한 장기간 유출량의 발생이 필수적이며 수자원 시스템의 적정 갈수재현기간의 선정이 대단히 중요함을 시사해 주는 것이다.