• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.254-262
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• 2024

Several surgical procedures have been proposed to address anterior glenohumeral instability, which is one of the most common complaints in the general population. The remplissage, first described in early 2000s, is a procedure performed simultaneously with the arthroscopic Bankart repair to correct large, engaging Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs). This procedure stabilizes the joint by tenodesing the infraspinatus tendon into the HSL to fill and disengage the defect. This procedure gained popularity because it has relatively low risk and is able to improve shoulder stability while being less invasive than other bone-blocking procedures. The remplissage has become a valuable add-on technique that can substantially improve outcomes in unstable patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair. Nevertheless, several studies in the literature have raised concerns regarding its efficacy in critically unstable patients and the potential range of motion limitations that can arise postoperatively. Additional comparative studies and trials should be conducted to appropriately establish the role of remplissage in treating anterior instability, especially in patients with critical bone loss.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.867-882
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• 1997

Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius $Linn\acute{e}$ has been traditionally used for the treatment of blood stasis, and Dipsasi Radix has been used as a drug for fracture in Chinese medicine. The purpose of present study was to examine the biologic effects of safflower extract and Disasi radix extracts on the periodontal. ligament cells and osteoblastic cells and on the wound healing of rat calvarial defect. The ethanolic extract of safflower blossom, safflower seed and Dipsasi Radix(125, 250, and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$) were prepared as test group, and PDGF-BB(lOng/ml) and unsafonifiable fraction of Zea Mays L.(125, 250, and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$) were employed as positive control. The effects of each agents on the growth and survival, ALPase activity, expression of PDGF-BB receptor, chemotactic response of PDL cell and ATCC human osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro were examined. The tissue regenerative effect of each extracts was evaluated by histomorphometric measuring of newly formed bone on the 8mm defect in rat calvaria after oral administration of 3 different dosages groups : 0.02, 0.1 and 0.35g/kg, per day. It was also employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L. as positive controls. Safflower blossom extract, safflower seed extract, and Dipsasi Radix extract stimulate the cellular activity of MG63 cells in concentration range of $125-500{\mu}g/ml$, and safflower bolssom extract and safflower seed extract stimulate also the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of $250-500{\mu}g/ml$. In activity of ALPase, $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extracts showed significant stimulating effects on MG63 cells, and the same concentration range of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In the recovery on PDGF-BB receptor expression which was depressed by $IL-1{\beta}$, $125-250{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extracts and $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower seed extracts showed significant increasing effect on MG63 cells, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extract and $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In chemotactic response, among all tested group, safflower seed extracts only were chemotactic to MG63 cells and periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of $125-500{\mu}g/ml$. Also in the view of bone regeneration in rat calvarial defect model, the only group that was orally administrated 0.35g/kg, day of safflower seed extract showed significant new bone formation. These results suggested that safflower extracts might have a potential possibilities as an useful drug for adjunct to treatment for regeneration of periodontal defect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.835-852
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• 2000

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and methods of treatment to promote periodontal wound healing. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in oriental medicine. In some in vitro and in vivo experiments, there have been many evidences that these materials have an effect on bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically and radiologically in Sprague-Dawley rats the effects of safflower seed extracts on the regeneration of the calvarial defects surgically produced. So in this study, the critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats using the 8mm trephine bur. The safflower seed extract was applied into the defect of each rat in experimental group, whereas nothing was applied into the defect of each rat in control group. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 weeks following operation and histomorphometric and radiodensitometric analysis were performed. 1. The newly formed bone length was $102.91{\pm}22.05$, $178.29{\pm}24.40$ at 2 week in the each control, experimental group, $130.95{\pm}39.24$, $242.62{\pm}50.33$ at 4 week and $181.53{\pm}76.35$, $240.36{\pm}22.00$ at 8 week($unit,{\mu}m$). In the 2, 4 week, there were statistically significant difference between control and experimental group(P<0.05). 2. The newly formed bone area was $2962.06{\pm}1284.48$, $10648.35{\pm}1284.48$ at 2 week, $5103.25{\pm}1375.88$, $9706.78{\pm}1481.81$ at 4 week, $8046.02{\pm}818.99$, $12057.06{\pm}740.47$ at 8 week($unit,{\mu}m^2$). In every week, there were statistically significant difference between control and experimental group(P<0.05). 3. The radiopacity was $14.26{\pm}.33$, $25.47{\pm}4.33$ at 2 week, $20.06{\pm}9.07$, $26.61{\pm}2.78$ at 4 week, $22.99{\pm}3.76$, $27.29{\pm}1.54$ at 8 week(unit, %). In the 2 week, there was statistically significant difference between control and experimental group(P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that safflower seed extract initially has an effect on the newly formed bone area, length and radiopacity when it is applied to the calvarial defect of Sprague - Dawley rat. Then. the material has an effect on newly formed bone area and length.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 1994

Objectives: To examine a defect in inhibitory gating of auditory evoked response in schizophrenics, to compare P3 latency and amplitude in negative and positive schizophrenics, and to assess the association of P3 with family history of the psychiatric disorders, electroconvulsive therapy, and clinical features. Methods: 54 schizophrenics(male 31, female 23) and 75 controls(male 33, female 42) were tested with event-related potential paradigm designed to elicit P3 response and Frankfurter Beschwerde Fragebogen. Results: In schizophrenics, the latency of P3 was significantly more delayed and the amplitude of P3 was significantly more reduced than in the controls. Significant differences in P3 latency and amplitude between negative and positive schizophrenics were not found. And significant difference in the P3 latency and amplitude between schizophrenics with family histories of psychiatric disorder and those without family histories of psychiatric disorder was not found also. The P3 latency and amplitude was not significantly related with electroconvulsive therapy and other clinical features such as age, duration of illness, onset of inllness, number of admission, and doses of antipsychotics etc. Conclusion: These results suggested that schizophrenics had a dysfunction in the process of selective attention and that P3 was not significantly related with family history of the psychiatric disorders, positive and negative symptoms, electro1convulsive therapy, and clinical features in schizophrenics.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 2000

According to Torrance, it is said that about 30% of feeble-headed children are bearing potential brilliant quality. Such potential gifted children exist really much more than children who appear to show their own brilliant quality. Nevertheless, research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness has not been relatively actively progressed. Renzulli, Smith and so on progresses research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness and strategies developed by them are being used widely all over the world, but these strategies show the defect that children can not overcome by themselves the interfered factors influenced negatively on their gift revelation. Russian scholar Babaeva made the effective education program to develop children's potential giftedness. Her program includes various activity methods or mental correct activity and psychological training activity and such training activity is realized through some steps and each step has it's own purpose and realization method. With the result that children discriminated as common children by the experimental study which is progressed by the present program participate, their standard of intelligence and originality showed the improved effect of the similar standard to children factors not a little influencing on children's giftedness development process but she also developed the leading concrete study method for the children to overcome this by themselves. In this paper, the present writer will examine potential giftedness development program researched in Russia and discuss their theoretic background and concrete activity course, activity result. Through this, children's have the excellent abilities in various spheres, this writer will obtain significant suggestions to educate the potential gifted children who do not display their own potentialities and do not receive a favor from gifted children program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.113-114
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• 2009

Silicon carbide is one of the most attractive and promising wide band-gap semiconductor material with excellent physical properties and huge potential for electronic applications. Up to now, the most successful method for growth of large SiC crystals with high quality is the physical vapor transport (PVT) method [1, 2]. Since further reduction of defect densities in larger crystal are needed for the true implementation of SiC devices, many researchers are focusing to improve the quality of SiC single crystal through the process modifications for SiC bulk growth or new material implementations [3, 4]. It is well known that for getting high quality SiC crystal, source materials with high purity must be used in PVT method. Among various source materials in PVT method, a SiC powder is considered to take an important role because it would influence on crystal quality of SiC crystal as well as optimum temperature of single crystal growth, the growth rate and doping characteristics. In reality, the effect of powder on SiC crystal could definitely exhibit the complicated correlation. Therefore, the present research was focused to investigate the quality difference of SiC crystal grown by conventional PVT method with using various SiC powders. As shown in Fig. 1, we used three SiC powders with different particles size. The 6H-SiC crystals were grown by conventional PVT process and the SiC seeds and the high purity SiC source materials are placed on opposite side in a sealed graphite crucible which is surrounded by graphite insulation[5, 6]. The bulk SiC crystal was grown at $2300^{\circ}C$ of the growth temperature and 50mbar of an argon pressure. The axial thermal gradient across the SiC crystal during the growth is estimated in the range of $15\sim20^{\circ}C/cm$. The chemical etch in molten KOH maintained at $450^{\circ}C$ for 10 min was used for defect observation with a polarizing microscope in Nomarski mode. Electrical properties of bulk SiC materials were measured by Hall effect using van der Pauw geometry and a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Fig. 2 shows optical photographs of SiC crystal ingot grown by PVT method and Table 1 shows electrical properties of SiC crystals. The electrical properties as well as crystal quality of SiC crystals were systematically investigated.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.769-786
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• 1998

The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells and to compare the bone healing ability of rat calvarial defects between the control group and the safflower seed extract treated group. Osteoblastic cells were obtained from calvariae of a fetal rat. Cells were cultured containing DMEM and safflower seed extract ($10^{-6}g/ml$, $10^{-3}g/ml$) at $37^{\circ}$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity for 3 days. MTT was performed to examine the viability of the cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed to examine the mineralization in vitro. Rat calvarial defects($5{\times}5mm$) in 250g Sprague-Dawly were made using round bur. Rats were administrated with safflower seed extract(0.35g/kg/day) for experimental periods. Calvarial defects were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically at 1,4, and 8 weeks. High concentration group($10^{-3}g/ml$) of safflower seed extract significantly increased in the cell proliferation and alkaline phos phatase synthesis in osteoblastic cells. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and osteoclastic activities were decreased in the safflower seed extract treated group as compared with control group. Bone maturation was accelerated in the safflower seed extract treated group as compared to control group. No difference in osteoinductive process was observed between the control and the safflower seed extract treated group. Immunohistochemical observation revealed that protein expression of TGF-$\beta$and osteonectin during early healing phase in the safflower seed extract treated group was slightly increased as compared to control group. These results indicate that safflower seed extract promotes the healing process in bony defect of rat calvariae, and retains a potential applicability as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for regeneration of periodontal bony defect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3358-3365
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Sorbus commixta (SC), Geranium thunbergii (GT) and their mixture (SC:GT=1:1, MIX) on inhibition of bone loss and chondral defect. To examine their activities, we measured the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and performed tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) staining in osteoclast differentiated from Raw264.7 cells. To investigate the influence on chondrocyte differentiation, we performed alcian-blue staining in chondrocyte differentiated from ATDC5 cells. All of SC, GT and MIX did not increase ALP activity in MG-63 cells. However, SC and mixture (SC:GT=1:1, MIX) significantly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation. And they also induced chondrocyte differentiation. These results suggest that SC and GT may have a potential for the treatment of bone loss and chondral defect by suppression of osteoclast differentiation and stimulation of chondrocyte differentiation. Therefore, clarification of their mechanisms and active components will be needed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.783-790
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• 2011

Purpose: The zygoma (Zygomaticomaxillary) complexes make up a large portion of the orbital floor and lateral orbital walls. Zygoma fracture frequently causes the posteromedial displacement of bone fragments, and the collapse or overlapping of internal orbital walls. This process consequently can lead to the orbital volume change. The reduction of zygoma in an anterolateral direction may influence on the potential bone defect area of the internal orbital walls. Thus we performed the quantitative analysis of orbital volume change in zygoma fracture before and after operation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography scans in 39 patients with zygoma fractures who had not carried out orbital wall reconstruction. Orbital volume measurement was obtained through Aquarius Ver. 4.3.6 program and we compared the orbital volume change of injured orbit with that of the normal contralateral orbit. Results: The average orbital volume of normal orbit was 19.68 $cm^3$. Before the operation, the average orbital volume of injured orbit was 18.42 $cm^3$. The difference of the orbital volume between the injured orbit and the normal orbit was 1.18 $cm^3$ (6.01%) on average. After operation, the average orbital volume of injured orbit was 20.81 $cm^3$. The difference of the orbital volume between the injured orbit and the normal orbit was 1.17 $cm^3$ (5.92%) on average. Conclusion: There are considerable volume changes in zygoma fracture which did not accompany internal orbital wall fracture before and after operation. Our study reflects the change of bony frame, also that of all parts of the orbital wall, in addition to the bony defect area of orbital floor, in an isolated zygoma fracture so that it evaluates orbital volume change more accurately. Thus, the measurement of orbital volume in isolated zygoma fractures helps predict the degree of enophthalmos and decide a surgical plan.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.30.1-30.8
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• 2019

Background: Advancements in the field of microvascular surgery and the widespread adoption of microvascular surgical techniques have made the use of osteocutaneous fibula free flaps the standard of care in the surgical management of segmental mandibular defects. Although the literature possesses abundant evidence to support the effectiveness of fibula free flaps as a reconstructive method, there are relatively few studies reporting on outcomes as objectively measured by videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS). The purpose of this study is to explore the potential correlation between early postoperative VFSS and the long-term swallowing outcomes in patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with fibula free flaps. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 36 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with osteocutaneous fibular free flaps between 2009 and 2012. Demographics, clinical variables, VFSS data, and diet information were retrieved. Penetration and aspiration findings on VFSS, long-term oral feeding ability, and the need for gastrostomy tube were statistical endpoints correlated with postoperative clinical outcomes. Results: Thirty-six patients were reviewed (15 females and 21 males) with a mean age of 54 years (7-81). Seventeen cases were treated for malignancy. The size of the bony defect ranged from 3 to 15 cm (mean = 9 cm). The cutaneous paddle, a surrogate for soft tissue defect, ranged from 10 to 125 ㎠ (mean = 52 ㎠). A gastrostomy tube was present in patients preoperatively (n = 8), and postoperatively (n = 14). Seventeen patients had neoadjuvant exposure to radiation. Postoperative VFSS showed penetration in 13 cases (36%) and aspiration in seven (19%). Overall, 29 patients (80.6%) achieved unrestricted diet, and this was statistically correlated with age (p = 0.037), radiation therapy (p = 0.002), and preoperative gastrostomy tube (p = 0.03). The presence of penetration or aspiration on VFSS was a strong predictor for long-term unrestricted oral diet (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Early postoperative VFSS is an excellent predictor for long-term swallowing outcomes in patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction with osteocutaneous fibula free flaps.