• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2017

공동주택의 공종별 책임 하자 보증기간은 과학적인 분석에 근거를 두지 않고 있어. 기간의 적절성이 분쟁의 원인이 되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 2010~2011기준 국토교통부 하자심사 분쟁조정위원회에 접수된 하자제기건수 중 공동주택 하자 중 가장 많이 제기된 마감공사의 하자실태를 파악하여 하자보수기간의 적절성을 평가하고자 하였다. 마감공사의 하자청구건수를 분석한 결과 대부분의 공종별 하자는 2년 이후에도 나타나고 있으며, 60% 정도만이 하자담보책임기간 내에 청구되고 있는 실정이다. 공종별 하자는 상호간에 연관성을 가지고 있으며 이러한 점은 시공의 관리 차원에서 고려되어 공법의 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 공동주택의 선호도에 큰 영향을 끼치는 시공능력평가 순위와 하자발생의 상관성이 낮은 것으로 보아 실제 수행하는 전문업체의 하자관련 검증 절차가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2018

한국의 주요 주거시설인 아파트에서 많은 하자가 발생하고 있다. 이는 공사관리소홀이나 시공기술부족등에 기인하고 있다. 아파트가 수분양자에게 공급될수록 준공이후 하자는 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 주택법령에서는 지방정부가 건설회사에 하자보수를 지시할 수 있도록 변경되었다. 그러나 하자가가 발생된 이후 하자가가 해결된다면 수분양자는 하자로 인해 고통을 받기 때문에 근본적인 해결책이라고 보기 어렵다. 그래서 수분양자의 권익을 보호하기 위해 아파트 하자를 감소시킬 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 아파트분양시 수분양자에 대한 정보의 비대칭성해소, 최종 준공도서의 계약문서화, 감리자의 설계도서 검토기간 확보, 계약변경시 적정 감리대가의 확보, 감리대가 지급절차의 개선, 주택감리용역표준계약서상 감리업무의 조정 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국산업경영시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업경영시스템학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

Product Liability(PL) is a legal policy to deal with global competition by improving domestic industrial competitive power and to reduce the cost of defect products. The purpose of this paper is to address the state of the art solutions to dispute on PL, in reality of a frequent occurrence of global product exchange focussing on product safety that is one of the most important functions of PL and to improve solution of the product safety and reliability responsive to PL. To minimize PL exposure, manufacturers should reflect comprehensive product safety and reliability concepts in establishing PL prevention policies. PL prevention policies are composed of administration system, product safety management system, and total quality management system in respect of prevention, safety, and defence.

• 산업공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2002

Product Liability(PL) is a legal policy to deal with global competition by improving domestic industrial competitive power and to reduce the cost of defect products. The purpose of this paper is to address the state of the art solutions to dispute on PL, in reality of a frequent occurrence of global product exchange focussing on product safety that is one of the most important functions of PL and to improve solution of the product safety and reliability responsive to PL. To minimize PL exposure, manufacturers should reflect comprehensive product safety and reliability concepts in establishing PL prevention policies. Total PL prevention policies are composed of total quality management and product safety management system in respect of safety design, risk, and reliability. These PL prevention activities should be performed consistently during the total product life cycle, especially product research and development periods.

• 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

The completeness appraisal of software is performed in various forms, such as assessing the completion level in the development process, calculating the defect rate, estimating the development cost, and calculating the redevelopment cost. Along with this, the problem that is often dealt with is estimation of the development time. Even in a dispute over completeness due to delays in software development, issues of calculating an appropriate development time required to develop a delivery software or a development time required for change requests are often included in the appraisal request. In this paper, we introduce the procedure and method for estimating the appropriate project time of software development so that the appraiser can be applied to the appraisal work for determining the completeness. The method is based on the manual for calculating the appropriate project period of software development project.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2012

본 연구는 조경공사 하자판례를 조사하여 하자소송의 일반적 분석, 공종별 판결 결과, 하자유형별 판결결과를 분석하고 하자분쟁을 완화하기 위한 조경공사 하자처리 개선방안을 제안하는 것이다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 2000년대 들어 조경공사와 관련된 하자소송이 증가하고 있으며, 소송 기간은 1심의 경우 603일, 2심의 경우는 550일로 나타나 사용자와 시공자 모두에게 심각한 시간적 경제적 손실을 초래하고 있다. 2. 감정금액 대비 인용금액이 1심의 경우 52.0%, 2심의 경우 57.3%, 전체적으로는 53.6% 수준으로 감정금액이 과다하게 책정되는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 공종별 하자판결 결과는 조경수목식재가 전체 하자 발생 공종의 75%에 달하여 주요한 쟁점으로 나타났으며, 사용자인 원고의 승소율이 77%에 달하여 시공자들의 하자이행에 심각한 부담으로 나타났다. 4. 하자유형별 판결 결과에서는 사용자의 유지관리 부실로 인한 하자가 28%를 차지하고 시공자인 피고의 승소율이 64%로 높게 나타나 사용자의 유지관리 책임이 중요하게 부각되었다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해서는 하자를 줄일 수 있도록 정확한 시공을 하고, 적절한 유지관리를 시행하도록 해야 하며, 부적기 식재 및 천재지변에 의한 피해 등 하자면책규정, 공종별 하자판정기준, 하자이행절차 등을 포함하는 조경공사 하자판정 및 처리기준을 마련해야 한다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

The ending of the warranty under the current Multi-Housing Management Act has a lot of problem as it is very disadvantageous to the business entity and it makes hard for the contractor to finish the repair work. It is almost none for the business entity to get the written confirmation of the expiration of warranty liability from the client even though it sincerely completed their warranty obligation. It is because the client asks for the works other than fair repair arising from the defect in the work, such as the upgrade work for the enhancement of the value of their assets and the repair work which the client should take care before it issues the written confirmation of the expiration of warranty liability to the contractor. "So, though there is the law specifying this matter, the parties are relying on the unnecessary civil agreement. This leads to the big social and economic losses. If there is no agreement made between the client and the contractor, that leads to the legal dispute. This research on cases of 10 apartments shows that the types of works which the apartment residents ask for depend on the characteristics and conditions of the apartments and that they ask for various kinds of compensational works. In addition, it was found that there were many cases in which even the civil agreement is not recognized as the ending of the warranty obligation even if the proper procedure is taken for the ending of warranty by the contractor or business entity. If the collateral is to be offered to the client, the contractor would get more hard because there is the additional cost other than the warranty obligation, thus damaging the legal objective of the laws trying to minimize the damage made to the resident of the apartments. It means that the increase in the unnecessary warranty cost would lead to the increase in the selling price of apartment and the ending of the dispute through the civil procedure would make the Multi-Housing Act ineffective.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.187-210
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• 2019

This article examines the necessity for the introduction of an ICSID Appellate System. In comparison with the WTO appellate system, the ICSID ad hoc Committee has a very limited mandate. An annulment inquiry under the ICSID arbitration system barely focuses on whether the arbitral decision resulted from a justifiable process. As long as there is procedural legitimacy, the resulting awards remain unaffected under the annulment procedure, irrespective of mistakes of fact or law. In contrast, in the WTO DSS the AB substantively reviews panel rulings and suggestions that are founded on any deficiency of objectivity or error in the interpretation of a particular WTO provision. This defect intrinsic in the annulment procedure could cause injustice to a party earnestly interested in correcting recognized misapplication of law by ICSID tribunals. Accordingly, the establishment of an appellate system would result in a more substantive and procedural review of awards. The creation of such an ICSID appellate system would ensure thorough scrutiny of the decisions of the tribunal of first instance, leading to better reasoned outcomes. This could lead to a crystallization of predictability in investment relations. The end result would be that fairness, clarity, reliability, and legality in the ICSID adjudicative process would be unassailable, to the advantage of all the contracting parties.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.112-123
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• 2015

해외건설공사에서는 다양한 요인에 의하여 분쟁이 발생하고 있으며 그 가운데 하나가 지정하도급자와 관련된 분쟁이다. 이 논문에서는 지정하도급자 (NSC)와 관련된 분쟁을 연구하기 위하여 싱가포르, 말레이시아 그리고 홍콩을 대상으로 하여 30건의 판례를 조사하여 분석하였다. 또한 판례의 유형을 다음의 6가지로 분류하였다: 공기지연 및 하자에 대한 책임문제에 관한 판례(T1), 계약관계에 관한 판례(T2), 지불과 관련된 판례(T3), 공제(Set-off)와 관련된 판례(T4), 도산 및 청산에 관한 판례(T5) 그리고 기타 판례(T6). 분석결과 분쟁발생빈도는 경제 사회변화와 관계가 있고, NSC가 원도급자를 상대로 재판을 청구하는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 주거 및 상업용 건축물에서 NSC분쟁이 많았다. 결과적으로 NSC문제에 대한 원도급자의 적극적인 대응이 필요한 것으로 검토되었으며, 관련자들의 의사교환이 가능한 협의체 구성도 필요하다. 그러나 근본적으로는 계약약관을 포함한 발주자의 권한과 책임을 일치시키는 제도적 정비가 무엇보다 중요한 것으로 검토되었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2015

Background: Interest in medical malpractice claims and accidents is a day-to-day social issue to general public as well as medical personnel. Related laws and regulations already have been established, and institutions based on the laws and regulations also have been founded. However, in our dental community, interest and response to the issue seem insufficient. Methods: We searched four medical literature databases that are mainly cited in the medical community. Keywords including 'dental malpractice claims', 'patient safety' and 'medical accident' were used for the search. Among the selected literatures, we chose specific ones separately whose content is authentic and easily approachable. Results: Medical malpractice claims and accidents tend to increase around the world. As the cost or the difficulty level of surgery increases, the dispute rate also increases, which appears even more apparent in developed countries. Preventive measures to prevent the disputes and accidents are not significantly different. Three critical of them include relationship of doctor with patient, the informed consent and medical record. Conclusion: Tools for accident occurrence or communication improvement have been introduced. All of those cost time and money. However, education or professional request of liability insurance companies, self-education and provision of guidelines can be immediately implemented. To implement those, dentists' promotion at the regional or national level is imperative. rhBMP-2 is widely used at sinus augmentation, alveolar bone defect, and socket preservation.