• 대한지리학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.429-446
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• 2009

본 연구는 일본 시가현(자하현(滋賀懸)) 기류(동생(桐生))수문시험지의 1차곡 소유역인 마쯔자와 유역에서 유역 내 수문과정과 토양수, 지하수, 계류수의 수질 등의 관측을 실시, 산림유역 내 황(黃) 플럭스를 수문지형학적 관점에서 해석하여 온대 산림유역 내의 황 순환 과정을 밝히고자 실시하였다. 유역 상부 교란 구역의 토양은 ${SO_4}^{2-}$의 공급원으로 작용하고 있었으며, 사면 수문과정을 통해 유역 중부와 하부의 심층토양 및 지하수대에 ${SO_4}^{2-}$가 저장되고 있었다. 계류수의 ${SO_4}^{2-}$ 농도는 지하수위 변동과 음의 상관을 나타내고 있는 바, 이는 심층지하수에 저장된 ${SO_4}^{2-}$가 가뭄 등의 저수위시 혹은 평수위시에 유출되고 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 산림유역 내 각 수문과정이 ${SO_4}^{2-}$의 저장과 유출에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다는 것이 정량적으로 밝혀졌다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2011

자동차용 도장시스템으로 새롭게 대두되고 있는 roll coating process는 비친환경적이면서도 생산성이 떨어지는 기존의 습식도장공정을 완전 대체할 수 있는 기술로 알려져 있다. Pre-painted 강판 시스템에서 도막 유연성 및 강도 등의 구현을 위하여 경화거동뿐만 아니라 내식성 및 성형가공성, 유변학적 거동 등의 평가가 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 pre-painted system에 적용하기 위하여 polyester 수지를 수산화기 및 분자량 변성을 통하여 합성한 후, 경화거동 및 딥드로잉, 인장력, 유변특성 등을 평가하였다. 40 (mg KOH-/mol)정도의 수산화기를 갖는 N-0375-40 system이 유연성 및 도막강도, 경화거동 등의 가장 우수한 물성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.50.1-50.10
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• 2021

Background: Bovine papillomatosis is a type of proliferative tumor disease of skin and mucosae caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV). As a transboundary and emerging disease in cattle, it poses a potential threat to the dairy industry. Objectives: The aim of this study is to detect and clarify the genetic diversity of BPV circulating in dairy cows in Xinjiang, China. Methods: 122 papilloma skin lesions from 8 intensive dairy farms located in different regions of Xinjiang, China were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The genetic evolution relationships of various types of BPVs were analyzed by examining this phylogenetic tree. Results: Ten genotypes of BPV (BPV1, BPV2, BPV3, BPV6, BPV7, BPV8, BPV10, BPV11, BPV13, and BPV14) were detected and identified in dairy cows. These were the first reported detections of BPV13 and BPV14 in Xinjiang, Mixed infections were detected, and there were geographical differences in the distribution of the BPV genotypes. Notably, the BPV infection rate among young cattle (< 1-year-old) developed from the same supply of frozen sperm was higher than that of the other young cows naturally raised under the same environmental conditions. Conclusions: Genotyping based on the L1 gene of BPV showed that BPVs circulating in Xinjiang China displayed substantial genetic diversity. This study provided valuable data at the molecular epidemiology level, which is conducive to developing deep insights into the genetic diversity and pathogenic characteristics of BPVs in dairy cows.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.386-391
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• 2021

Owing to rapid advancements in NGS (next generation sequencing), genomic alteration is now considered an essential predictive biomarkers that impact the treatment decision in many cases of cancer. Among the various predictive biomarkers, tumor mutation burden (TMB) was identified by NGS and was considered to be useful in predicting a clinical response in cancer cases treated by immunotherapy. In this study, we directly compared the lab-developed-test (LDT) results by target sequencing panel, K-MASTER panel v3.0 and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to evaluate the concordance of TMB. As an initial step, the reference materials (n = 3) with known TMB status were used as an exploratory test. To validate and evaluate TMB, we used one hundred samples that were acquired from surgically resected tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The TMB of each sample was tested by using both LDT and WES methods, which extracted the DNA from samples at the same time. In addition, we evaluated the impact of capture region, which might lead to different values of TMB; the evaluation of capture region was based on the size of NGS and target sequencing panels. In this pilot study, TMB was evaluated by LDT and WES by using duplicated reference samples; the results of TMB showed high concordance rate (R² = 0.887). This was also reflected in clinical samples (n = 100), which showed R² of 0.71. The difference between the coding sequence ratio (3.49%) and the ratio of mutations (4.8%) indicated that the LDT panel identified a relatively higher number of mutations. It was feasible to calculate TMB with LDT panel, which can be useful in clinical practice. Furthermore, a customized approach must be developed for calculating TMB, which differs according to cancer types and specific clinical settings.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2023

In this study, we explored the potential of integrating interactive AI callbot technology into the medical consultation domain as part of a broader service development initiative. Aimed at enhancing patient satisfaction, the AI callbot was designed to efficiently address queries from hospitals' primary users, especially the elderly and those using phone services. By incorporating an AI-driven callbot into the hospital's customer service center, routine tasks such as appointment modifications and cancellations were efficiently managed by the AI Callbot Agent. On the other hand, tasks requiring more detailed attention or specialization were addressed by Human Agents, ensuring a balanced and collaborative approach. The deep learning model for voice recognition for this study was based on the Transformer model and fine-tuned to fit the medical field using a pre-trained model. Existing recording files were converted into learning data to perform SSL(self-supervised learning) Model was implemented. The ANN (Artificial neural network) neural network model was used to analyze voice signals and interpret them as text, and after actual application, the intent was enriched through reinforcement learning to continuously improve accuracy. In the case of TTS(Text To Speech), the Transformer model was applied to Text Analysis, Acoustic model, and Vocoder, and Google's Natural Language API was applied to recognize intent. As the research progresses, there are challenges to solve, such as interconnection issues between various EMR providers, problems with doctor's time slots, problems with two or more hospital appointments, and problems with patient use. However, there are specialized problems that are easy to make reservations. Implementation of the callbot service in hospitals appears to be applicable immediately.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-298
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• 2023

달 현지 탐사를 위해 무인 이동체에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져 있으며 달 지상 관심 지역의 정확한 위치 및 맵핑을 위한 실시간 정보화 작업이 요구되고 있다. 딥러닝 영상 처리 분석 기술을 실제 로버에 적용하기 위해 소프트웨어의 통합과 최적화에 대한 연구가 필요하며 본 연구에서는 가상의 달 기지 건설현장의 영상을 실시간 분석하여 핵심 객체의 공간 정보를 자동으로 수치화하는 방안에 대한 기초 연구가 진행되었다. 본 연구를 통해 이미 구축된 영역 분할 기반 객체 인식 알고리즘을 경계 상자 기반 객체 인식알고리즘으로 변경하여 객체 인식 정확도 및 추론 속도를 개선하는 작업이 이루어졌으며, 대용량 데이터 기반 객체 매칭 학습을 위해 Batch Hard Triplet Mining 기법을 도입하고, 학습 및 추론에 대한 최적화 연구가 수행되었다. 또한 개선된 객체 인식 및 동일 객체 매칭 소프트웨어를 통합하고, 입력 이미지 내 동일 객체 자동 매칭을 시각화하는 소프트웨어를 개발하였으며, 위성 모사 촬영 영상 내 객체를 학습 데이터로, 이동체 촬영 영상 내 객체를 추론 데이터로 사용하여 동일 객체 매칭의 학습 및 추론이 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 결과는 이동체의 연속 촬영 영상을 기반 3차원 공간 정보를 구현 및 관심 공간 내 객체 위치 설정에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 달 기지 건설 현장에서의 영상 기반 시공 모니터링 및 제어를 위한 자동 현장 및 주요 대상물 공간 정보 구축 시스템과의 연계에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

탄소가 코팅된 일산화규소(C-coated SiO) 전극에서 전해질 첨가제로서 lithium bis(oxalato)borate(LiBOB)의 영향을 조사하였다. 전해질 조성은 1.3M $LiPF_6$/ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) (5:25:70 v/v/v)이며, 여기에 LiBOB을 0.5 wt.% 첨가한 것과 첨가하지 않은 2가지 전해질을 사용하였다. LiBOB을 첨가하지 않은 전해질에서 C-coated SiO 전극은 초기에 저항이 작은 피막이 형성되어 결정질의 $Li_{15}Si_4$를 형성할 때까지 합금화가 진행되며 동시에 큰 부피 변화를 보였다. 따라서 입자의 균열이 발생하고, 전극의 저항이 증가하여 충방전이 진행됨에 따라 용량이 빠르게 감소하였다. 반면에 LiBOB이 첨가된 전해질에서는 초기에 LiBOB의 환원분해에 의해 저항이 큰 피막이 형성되어, 합금화 반응이 원활히 진행되지 못하였다. 따라서 결정질 $Li_{15}Si_4$도 생성되지 못하였고, 결과적으로 부피변화도 적게 발생하므로 입자의 균열과 전극 저항의 증가도 적게 나타났다. 이러한 효과로 싸이클 후반부에서 용량감소가 적었고, 싸이클 성능도 좋은 결과를 보였다. 반면 피막 저항에 의한 영향이 줄어드는 $45^{\circ}C$ 에서는 LiBOB 첨가에 관계없이 합금화 반응이 유사하게 진행되며 비슷한 싸이클 성능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.271-305
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• 2020

열-수리-역학-화학적 복합거동의 영향은 고준위방사성폐기물 심층 처분시스템의 성능평가 및 안전성 평가 측면에서 중요하기 때문에 이를 분석하고 예측하기 위한 해석모델과 수치해석 기법이 필요하다. 하지만, 장기간에 걸쳐 발생하는 열-수리-역학-화학적 복합거동에 관련된 다양한 현상들이 비선형적 거동을 보이고 그 구성방정식들의 상관관계가 명확하지 않기 때문에 이를 정확하게 해석하고 예측할 수 있는 수치모델과 모델링 기법을 개발하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 뿐만 아니라, 개발된 수치모델과 모델링 기법을 검증하기 위해서는 오랜 시간동안 수행되어야 하는 고비용의 실험실 시험과 현장시험이 필요하기 때문에 열-수리-역학-화학적 복합거동 분석과 예측을 위한 수치모델과 모델링 기법의 개발뿐만이 아니라 검증 역시 쉽지 않다. 이러한 문제를 해결하여 효과적인 수치모델 및 해석기법 개발과 실험실 시험 및 현장시험 데이터를 활용한 검증을 수행하기 위해 국제공동연구 DECOVALEX(DEvelopment of COupled models and their VALidation against EXperiment) 프로젝트가 1992년부터 시작되었다. 한국의 경우, 한국원자력연구원이 2008년부터 DECOVALEX-2011, DECOVALEX-2015, 그리고 DECOVALEX-2019에 참여하였다. 본 기술 보고에서는 지난 3단계의 DECOVALEX 프로젝트에서 수행된 모든 과제의 주요 내용을 국내 암반 및 지반공학자들에게 소개하였다.