• Title/Summary/Keyword: Deep network structure

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Improving Adversarial Robustness via Attention (Attention 기법에 기반한 적대적 공격의 강건성 향상 연구)

  • Jaeuk Kim;Myung Gyo Oh;Leo Hyun Park;Taekyoung Kwon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.621-631
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    • 2023
  • Adversarial training improves the robustness of deep neural networks for adversarial examples. However, the previous adversarial training method focuses only on the adversarial loss function, ignoring that even a small perturbation of the input layer causes a significant change in the hidden layer features. Consequently, the accuracy of a defended model is reduced for various untrained situations such as clean samples or other attack techniques. Therefore, an architectural perspective is necessary to improve feature representation power to solve this problem. In this paper, we apply an attention module that generates an attention map of an input image to a general model and performs PGD adversarial training upon the augmented model. In our experiments on the CIFAR-10 dataset, the attention augmented model showed higher accuracy than the general model regardless of the network structure. In particular, the robust accuracy of our approach was consistently higher for various attacks such as PGD, FGSM, and BIM and more powerful adversaries. By visualizing the attention map, we further confirmed that the attention module extracts features of the correct class even for adversarial examples.

5G based Smart Railway Communication Technology Trends (5G 기반 스마트 철도 통신 기술 동향)

  • Kim, Young-dong;Kim, Jongki;Lee, Sanghak;Park, Eunkyung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.478-480
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    • 2022
  • Smart Railway as a next generation railway technology is expected to have rapid evolution with developments of information and communications tehchology. Especially, smart railway will be progressed more evolved transportation means for railway operation and costomer service based with spread of commercial 5G communication. So, it is very important to investigate and analyze trends of smart railway related tehcnology of 5G mobile communication for samrt railway infra structure, server technolgy for AI, big data, deep learning, information security technology, sensor and IoT. In this paper, 5G based communicaion technology and application techology related smart railway is described and trends of new techlogy on this communication tehnology is investigated. The results of this study can be used for smart railway study and implementation, research and development for smart railway communicaion technology, etc.

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Effective Classification Method of Hierarchical CNN for Multi-Class Outlier Detection (다중 클래스 이상치 탐지를 위한 계층 CNN의 효과적인 클래스 분할 방법)

  • Kim, Jee-Hyun;Lee, Seyoung;Kim, Yerim;Ahn, Seo-Yeong;Park, Saerom
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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    • 2022.07a
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    • pp.81-84
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    • 2022
  • 제조 산업에서의 이상치 검출은 생산품의 품질과 운영비용을 절감하기 위한 중요한 요소로 최근 딥러닝을 사용하여 자동화되고 있다. 이상치 검출을 위한 딥러닝 기법에는 CNN이 있으며, CNN을 계층적으로 구성할 경우 단일 CNN 모델에 비해 상대적으로 성능의 향상을 보일 수 있다는 것이 많은 선행 연구에서 나타났다. 이에 MVTec-AD 데이터셋을 이용하여 계층 CNN이 다중 클래스 이상치 판별 문제에 대해 효과적인지를 탐구하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 단일 CNN의 정확도는 0.7715, 계층 CNN의 정확도는 0.7838로 다중 클래스 이상치 판별 문제에 있어 계층 CNN 방식 접근이 다중 클래스 이상치 탐지 문제에서 알고리즘의 성능을 향상할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 계층 CNN은 모델과 파라미터의 개수와 리소스의 사용이 단일 CNN에 비하여 기하급수적으로 증가한다는 단점이 존재한다. 이에 계층 CNN의 장점을 유지하며 사용 리소스를 절약하고자 하였고 K-means, GMM, 계층적 클러스터링 알고리즘을 통해 제작한 새로운 클래스를 이용해 계층 CNN을 구성하여 각각 정확도 0.7930, 0.7891, 0.7936의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이를 통해 Clustering 알고리즘을 사용하여 적절히 물체를 분류할 경우 물체에 따른 개별 상태 판단 모델을 제작하는 것과 비슷하거나 더 좋은 성능을 내며 리소스 사용을 줄일 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

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Attention-Based Heart Rate Estimation using MobilenetV3

  • Yeo-Chan Yoon
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.28 no.12
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2023
  • The advent of deep learning technologies has led to the development of various medical applications, making healthcare services more convenient and effective. Among these applications, heart rate estimation is considered a vital method for assessing an individual's health. Traditional methods, such as photoplethysmography through smart watches, have been widely used but are invasive and require additional hardware. Recent advancements allow for contactless heart rate estimation through facial image analysis, providing a more hygienic and convenient approach. In this paper, we propose a lightweight methodology capable of accurately estimating heart rate in mobile environments, using a specialized 2-channel network structure based on 2D convolution. Our method considers both subtle facial movements and color changes resulting from blood flow and muscle contractions. The approach comprises two major components: an Encoder for analyzing image features and a regression layer for evaluating Blood Volume Pulse. By incorporating both features simultaneously our methodology delivers more accurate results even in computing environments with limited resources. The proposed approach is expected to offer a more efficient way to monitor heart rate without invasive technology, particularly well-suited for mobile devices.

Scientometrics-based R&D Topography Analysis to Identify Research Trends Related to Image Segmentation (이미지 분할(image segmentation) 관련 연구 동향 파악을 위한 과학계량학 기반 연구개발지형도 분석)

  • Young-Chan Kim;Byoung-Sam Jin;Young-Chul Bae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.563-572
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    • 2024
  • Image processing and computer vision technologies are becoming increasingly important in a variety of application fields that require techniques and tools for sophisticated image analysis. In particular, image segmentation is a technology that plays an important role in image analysis. In this study, in order to identify recent research trends on image segmentation techniques, we used the Web of Science(WoS) database to analyze the R&D topography based on the network structure of the author's keyword co-occurrence matrix. As a result, from 2015 to 2023, as a result of the analysis of the R&D map of research articles on image segmentation, R&D in this field is largely focused on four areas of research and development: (1) researches on collecting and preprocessing image data to build higher-performance image segmentation models, (2) the researches on image segmentation using statistics-based models or machine learning algorithms, (3) the researches on image segmentation for medical image analysis, and (4) deep learning-based image segmentation-related R&D. The scientometrics-based analysis performed in this study can not only map the trajectory of R&D related to image segmentation, but can also serve as a marker for future exploration in this dynamic field.

Semi-supervised domain adaptation using unlabeled data for end-to-end speech recognition (라벨이 없는 데이터를 사용한 종단간 음성인식기의 준교사 방식 도메인 적응)

  • Jeong, Hyeonjae;Goo, Jahyun;Kim, Hoirin
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2020
  • Recently, the neural network-based deep learning algorithm has dramatically improved performance compared to the classical Gaussian mixture model based hidden Markov model (GMM-HMM) automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. In addition, researches on end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition systems integrating language modeling and decoding processes have been actively conducted to better utilize the advantages of deep learning techniques. In general, E2E ASR systems consist of multiple layers of encoder-decoder structure with attention. Therefore, E2E ASR systems require data with a large amount of speech-text paired data in order to achieve good performance. Obtaining speech-text paired data requires a lot of human labor and time, and is a high barrier to building E2E ASR system. Therefore, there are previous studies that improve the performance of E2E ASR system using relatively small amount of speech-text paired data, but most studies have been conducted by using only speech-only data or text-only data. In this study, we proposed a semi-supervised training method that enables E2E ASR system to perform well in corpus in different domains by using both speech or text only data. The proposed method works effectively by adapting to different domains, showing good performance in the target domain and not degrading much in the source domain.

Measurement Technique of Indoor location Based on Markerless applicable to AR (AR에 적용 가능한 마커리스 기반의 실내 위치 측정 기법)

  • Kim, Jae-Hyeong;Lee, Seung-Ho
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.243-251
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, we propose a measurement technique of indoor location based on markerless applicable to AR. The proposed technique has the following originality. The first is to extract feature points and use them to generate local patches to enable faster computation by learning and using only local patches that are more useful than the surroundings without learning the entire image. Second, learning is performed through deep learning using the convolution neural network structure to improve accuracy by reducing the error rate. Third, unlike the existing feature point matching technique, it enables indoor location measurement including left and right movement. Fourth, since the indoor location is newly measured every frame, errors occurring in the front side during movement are prevented from accumulating. Therefore, it has the advantage that the error between the final arrival point and the predicted indoor location does not increase even if the moving distance increases. As a result of the experiment conducted to evaluate the time required and accuracy of the measurement technique of indoor location based on markerless applicable to AR proposed in this paper, the difference between the actual indoor location and the measured indoor location is an average of 12.8cm and a maximum of 21.2cm. As measured, the indoor location measurement accuracy was better than that of the existing IEEE paper. In addition, it was determined that it was possible to measure the user's indoor location in real time by displaying the measured result at 20 frames per second.

Business Application of Convolutional Neural Networks for Apparel Classification Using Runway Image (합성곱 신경망의 비지니스 응용: 런웨이 이미지를 사용한 의류 분류를 중심으로)

  • Seo, Yian;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2018
  • Large amount of data is now available for research and business sectors to extract knowledge from it. This data can be in the form of unstructured data such as audio, text, and image data and can be analyzed by deep learning methodology. Deep learning is now widely used for various estimation, classification, and prediction problems. Especially, fashion business adopts deep learning techniques for apparel recognition, apparel search and retrieval engine, and automatic product recommendation. The core model of these applications is the image classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). CNN is made up of neurons which learn parameters such as weights while inputs come through and reach outputs. CNN has layer structure which is best suited for image classification as it is comprised of convolutional layer for generating feature maps, pooling layer for reducing the dimensionality of feature maps, and fully-connected layer for classifying the extracted features. However, most of the classification models have been trained using online product image, which is taken under controlled situation such as apparel image itself or professional model wearing apparel. This image may not be an effective way to train the classification model considering the situation when one might want to classify street fashion image or walking image, which is taken in uncontrolled situation and involves people's movement and unexpected pose. Therefore, we propose to train the model with runway apparel image dataset which captures mobility. This will allow the classification model to be trained with far more variable data and enhance the adaptation with diverse query image. To achieve both convergence and generalization of the model, we apply Transfer Learning on our training network. As Transfer Learning in CNN is composed of pre-training and fine-tuning stages, we divide the training step into two. First, we pre-train our architecture with large-scale dataset, ImageNet dataset, which consists of 1.2 million images with 1000 categories including animals, plants, activities, materials, instrumentations, scenes, and foods. We use GoogLeNet for our main architecture as it has achieved great accuracy with efficiency in ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC). Second, we fine-tune the network with our own runway image dataset. For the runway image dataset, we could not find any previously and publicly made dataset, so we collect the dataset from Google Image Search attaining 2426 images of 32 major fashion brands including Anna Molinari, Balenciaga, Balmain, Brioni, Burberry, Celine, Chanel, Chloe, Christian Dior, Cividini, Dolce and Gabbana, Emilio Pucci, Ermenegildo, Fendi, Giuliana Teso, Gucci, Issey Miyake, Kenzo, Leonard, Louis Vuitton, Marc Jacobs, Marni, Max Mara, Missoni, Moschino, Ralph Lauren, Roberto Cavalli, Sonia Rykiel, Stella McCartney, Valentino, Versace, and Yve Saint Laurent. We perform 10-folded experiments to consider the random generation of training data, and our proposed model has achieved accuracy of 67.2% on final test. Our research suggests several advantages over previous related studies as to our best knowledge, there haven't been any previous studies which trained the network for apparel image classification based on runway image dataset. We suggest the idea of training model with image capturing all the possible postures, which is denoted as mobility, by using our own runway apparel image dataset. Moreover, by applying Transfer Learning and using checkpoint and parameters provided by Tensorflow Slim, we could save time spent on training the classification model as taking 6 minutes per experiment to train the classifier. This model can be used in many business applications where the query image can be runway image, product image, or street fashion image. To be specific, runway query image can be used for mobile application service during fashion week to facilitate brand search, street style query image can be classified during fashion editorial task to classify and label the brand or style, and website query image can be processed by e-commerce multi-complex service providing item information or recommending similar item.

Data collection strategy for building rainfall-runoff LSTM model predicting daily runoff (강수-일유출량 추정 LSTM 모형의 구축을 위한 자료 수집 방안)

  • Kim, Dongkyun;Kang, Seokkoo
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.54 no.10
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    • pp.795-805
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    • 2021
  • In this study, after developing an LSTM-based deep learning model for estimating daily runoff in the Soyang River Dam basin, the accuracy of the model for various combinations of model structure and input data was investigated. A model was built based on the database consisting of average daily precipitation, average daily temperature, average daily wind speed (input up to here), and daily average flow rate (output) during the first 12 years (1997.1.1-2008.12.31). The Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) and RMSE were examined for validation using the flow discharge data of the later 12 years (2009.1.1-2020.12.31). The combination that showed the highest accuracy was the case in which all possible input data (12 years of daily precipitation, weather temperature, wind speed) were used on the LSTM model structure with 64 hidden units. The NSE and RMSE of the verification period were 0.862 and 76.8 m3/s, respectively. When the number of hidden units of LSTM exceeds 500, the performance degradation of the model due to overfitting begins to appear, and when the number of hidden units exceeds 1000, the overfitting problem becomes prominent. A model with very high performance (NSE=0.8~0.84) could be obtained when only 12 years of daily precipitation was used for model training. A model with reasonably high performance (NSE=0.63-0.85) when only one year of input data was used for model training. In particular, an accurate model (NSE=0.85) could be obtained if the one year of training data contains a wide magnitude of flow events such as extreme flow and droughts as well as normal events. If the training data includes both the normal and extreme flow rates, input data that is longer than 5 years did not significantly improve the model performance.

A Study on Polynomial Pre-Distortion Technique Using PAPR Reduction Method in the Next Generation Mobile Communication System (차세대 이동통신 시스템에 PAPR 감소기법을 적용한 다항식 사전왜곡 기법에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Wan-Tae;Park, Ki-Sik;Cho, Sung-Joon
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.684-690
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    • 2010
  • Recently, the NG(Next Generation) system is studied for supporting convergence of various services and multi mode of single terminal. And a demand of user for taking the various services is getting increased, for supporting these services, many systems being able to transmit a large message have been appeared. In the NG system, it has to be supporting the CDMA and WCDMA besides the tele communication systems using OFDM method with single terminal An intergrated system can be improved with adopting of SoC technique. For adopting SoC technique on the intergrated terminal, we have to solve the non linear problem of HPA(High Power Amplifier). Nonlinear characteristic of HPA distorts both amplitude and phase of transmit signal, this distortion cause deep adjacent channel interference. We adopt a polynomial pre-distortion technique for this problem. In this paper, a noble modem design for NG mobile communication service and a method using polynomial pre-distorter with PAPR technique for counterbalancing nonlinear characteristic of the HPA are proposed.