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A Study on Korean Style of Typography - Aesthetic of Simplicity, the Essence of Style (타이포그라피의 한국성 연구 - 단순 미학, 그 고유성의 근거에 대하여)

  • 유정미
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.145-154
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    • 1999
  • With the introduction of digital technology since the late 1970s, we have been shifting from the industrial era into the information age. New communication systems have changed our concept of reality. Korea has a wealthy communication heritage with its own language and alphabet. However, Korean typography today has struggled to keep its originality, and does not hold up well to international standards. Korean contemporary typography is not efficient for communicating. It is not orderly, organised and simple. It has currently become complicated and decorative. Moreover, many young designers are attracted by imitations of western trends. It is now time for Korea to reveal its own identity. How can it develop a new typographic language that is more sympathetic to Korean tradition\ulcorner How will Korean information design produce a contemporary style with international relevance that contributes to world culture\ulcorner This thesis will be developed a new Korean typographic language that relies more on Korean traditions. Simultaneously, in this thesis will be examined Swiss typography as a relevant style for a new Korean typography to incorporate. Swiss typography maintained a similar philosophy to Korean tradition with its emphasis on clarity and simplicity. This study will be explored the potential of creating a contemporary Korean typographic solution which combines the traditions of Korea with the clarity of Swiss typography. The first attitude of the new typographic language should focus on legibility. The second condition of the new typographic philosophy based on the ability of designers is interpretation of context. The third concept of the new language is founded on an objective, rational design attitude. The final mental attitude of the new typographic language should feel a deep obligation to traditions. It is crucial time for Korean alphabet to establish a relevant standard rather than goes uncritically with the international current. Korea has had worthy traditions. It is suggested that the answers to 'good design' lie in the study of Korea's own history. Simultaneously, the research of Swiss design which is a

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Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for Spatial and Temporal Temperature Simulation in the Hapcheon Dam Reservoir (합천댐 저수지에서의 시공간적 수온모의를 위한 매개변수 민감도 분석)

  • Kim, Boram;Kang, Boosik
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.46 no.12
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    • pp.1181-1191
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    • 2013
  • This study have implemented finding the optimal water temperature parameter set for Hapcheon dam reservoir using CE-QUAL-W2 model. In particular the sensitivity analysis was carried out for four water temperature parameters of wind sheltering coefficient (WSC), radiation heat coefficient (BETA), light extinction coefficient (EXH2O), heat exchange coefficient at the channel bed (CBHE). Firstly, WSC, BETA, EXH2O shows relatively high sensitivity in common during April to September, and CBHE does during August to November. Secondly, as a result of identifying depth range of parameter influence, BETA and EXH2O show 0~9 m and 8~14 m which is thermocline layer close to water surface, CBHE is deep layer 12 m away from bottom. Finally, applying annual or monthly optimal parameter sets indicates that the bias between two sets does not show much differences for WSC and CBHE parameters, but BETA and EXH2O parameters show $0.20^{\circ}C$ and $0.51^{\circ}C$ of monthly average biases for two parameter sets. In particular the bias reveals to be $0.4^{\circ}C$ and $1.09^{\circ}C$ during May and August that confirms the necessity of use of monthly parameters during that season. It is claimed that the current operational custom use of annual parameters in calibration of reservoir water quality model requires the improvement of using monthly parameters.

Regional Identity and Community Paper: A Search for Subject and Method of Geographical Research (지역정체성 연구와 지역신문의 활용 -지리학적 연구주제의 탐색-)

  • Lee, Young-Min
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 1999
  • In the course of modernization and globalization, each region in Korea has experienced deep subordination to the center of Seoul and the increase of colonization possibility by world capital. In order to overcome the current situation, above all, the strategies should be developed focusing on daily life and life space. The basis for the development of strategies is the establishment of regional identity on life space. It is because of the reason that life space, or small-scale region has drawn wide attention in the research of geography in recent years. Especially, humanistic geography and new regional geography have developed the concerning theory and methodology, and kept going on the research of small-scale regions. Generally speaking, there have been quite large amount of theoretical discussions on small-scale region in recent years in the field of geography. Empirical researches focusing on a particular small-scale region, however, have been rarely made. It seems related to the deficiency of data materials and the obscurity of research framework of small-scale regional geography. A community paper must be very helpful for the geographic research on small-scale region. As community paper is published based on county('gun'), small or mid-size city('si'), or district of large city('gu'), it deals with small news and daily life information closely attached to the region. Accordingly, it functions as a medium of the formation of regional identity. It is also a valuable source material for the validation of regional identity and for the analysis of identity-shaping mechanism. The geographic interests in community paper, first of all, should be taken shape by the work on the geographical distribution and the periodic change of publication situation of community papers in Korea. Another research subject on community paper is the examination of characteristics of the region by analyzing the news and the advertisements. The news in community paper must be a valuable data source of regional studies in geography. Also, the regional identification process of community people through the community paper could be and should be explored, and how the regional centrality, or self-generation based on the identity is achieved will be an important subject.

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A Study on Sea Water and Ocean Current in the Sea Adjacent to Korea Peninsula -III. Chemical Characteristics of Water Masses in the Polar Front Area of the Central Korean East Sea- (한반도 근해의 해류와 해수특성 -III. 한국 동해 중부 극전선역에 출현하는 수괴의 화학적 특성-)

  • YANG Han-Soeb;KIM Seong-Soo;KANG Chang-Geun;CHO Kyu-Dae
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.185-192
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    • 1991
  • The vertical distribution and chemical characteristics of water masses were measured along two south-north transects in the polar front region of the central Korean East Sea. In February, a thermocline was present at depth between 50m and loom at the southern sites of a landward A-transect, and its depth was gradually deepened northward. At an outside B-transect, a thermocline was observed at significantly deep depth of 300m to 400m at two northern stations(Stn. 10 and 11), though the depth of the southward stations was nearly identical to that at the northward stations on a A-transect. In September, there were vertically more various water masses, i.e. the Tsushima Warm surface water(TWSW) or more than $20^{\circ}C$, the Tsushima Middle water(TMW) with a range of $12{\~}17^{\circ}C$, the North Korea Cold Water(NKCW) with $1{\~}7^{\circ}C$ temperature, the Japan Sea Proper Water(JSPW) of less than $1^{\circ}C$, and the mixed water. The North Korea Cold Water could be distinguishable from the other waters, especially from the mixed water of the Tsushima Middle Water and the Japan Sea Proper Water by the pattern of $T-O_2$ diagram. For instance, the North Korea Cold Water had higher oxygen by $1{\~}2ml/l$ than those in the mixed water, although both the two water masses ranged $1{\~}7^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. AOU value was the highest in the JSPW and the lowest in the TWSW. Also, AOU indicated a nearly linear and negative correlation with water temperature. However, AOU data for two masses, the NKCW and the TMW, in September departed remarkably from a regression line. Moreover, the ratio of $$\Delta P/\Delta AOU)$ in September was about $0.45{\mu}g-at/ml$ and higher than the value observed in the open sea. This high value could be elucidated by two factors; intrusion of the NKCW with high oxygen and molecular diffusion of dissolved oxygen from the surface into the lower layer. AOU would be a useful tracer for water masses in the polar front area of the Korean East Sea.

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Current Status of the Research on the Postharvest Technology of Melon(Cucumis melo L.) (멜론(Cucumis melo L.) 수확 후 관리기술 최근 연구 동향)

  • Oh, Su-Hwan;Bae, Ro-Na;Lee, Seung-Koo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.442-458
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    • 2011
  • Among Cucubitaceae, melon (Cucumis melo) is one of the most diversified fruits, with various forms, sizes, pulps, and peel colors, In addition, it is a commercially important crop because of its high sweetness, deep flavor, and abundant juice. In the species, there are both climacteric and non-climacteric melons depending on the respiration and ethylene production patterns after harvest. Ethylene is also considered a crucial hormone for determining sex expression, Phytohormones other than ethylene interact and regulate ripening, There are some indices that can be used to evaluate the optimum harvest maturity. The harvest time can be estimated after the pollination time, which is the most commonly used method of determining the harvest maturity of the fruit. Besides the physiological aspects, the biochemical alterations, including those of sweetness, firmness, flavor, color, and rind, contribute to the overall fruit quality. These changes can be categorized based on the ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent phenomena due to the ethylene-suppressed transgenic melon. After harvest, the fruits are precooled to $10^{\circ}C$ to reduce the field heat, after which they are sized and packed. The fruits can be treated with hot water ($60^{\circ}C$ for 60 min) to prevent the softening of the enzyme activity and microorganisms, and with calcium to maintain their firmness. 1-methylenecyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment also maintains their storability by inhibiting respiration and ethylene production. The shelf life of melon is very short even under cold storage, like other cucurbits, and it is prone to obtaining chilling injury under $10^{\circ}C$. In South Korea, low-temperature ($10^{\circ}C$) storage is known to be the best storage condition for the fruit. For long-time transport, CA storage is a good method of maintaining the quality of the fruit by reducing the respiration and ethylene. For fresh-cut processing, washing with a sanitizing agent and packing with plastic-film processing are needed, and low-temperature storage is necessary. The consumer need and demand for fresh-cut melon are growing, but preserving the quality of fresh-cut melon is more challenging than preserving the quality of the whole fruit.

Development Process for User Needs-based Chatbot: Focusing on Design Thinking Methodology (사용자 니즈 기반의 챗봇 개발 프로세스: 디자인 사고방법론을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Museong;Seo, Bong-Goon;Park, Do-Hyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.221-238
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    • 2019
  • Recently, companies and public institutions have been actively introducing chatbot services in the field of customer counseling and response. The introduction of the chatbot service not only brings labor cost savings to companies and organizations, but also enables rapid communication with customers. Advances in data analytics and artificial intelligence are driving the growth of these chatbot services. The current chatbot can understand users' questions and offer the most appropriate answers to questions through machine learning and deep learning. The advancement of chatbot core technologies such as NLP, NLU, and NLG has made it possible to understand words, understand paragraphs, understand meanings, and understand emotions. For this reason, the value of chatbots continues to rise. However, technology-oriented chatbots can be inconsistent with what users want inherently, so chatbots need to be addressed in the area of the user experience, not just in the area of technology. The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents the importance of the User Experience as well as the advancement of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud, and IoT technologies. The development of IT technology and the importance of user experience have provided people with a variety of environments and changed lifestyles. This means that experiences in interactions with people, services(products) and the environment become very important. Therefore, it is time to develop a user needs-based services(products) that can provide new experiences and values to people. This study proposes a chatbot development process based on user needs by applying the design thinking approach, a representative methodology in the field of user experience, to chatbot development. The process proposed in this study consists of four steps. The first step is 'setting up knowledge domain' to set up the chatbot's expertise. Accumulating the information corresponding to the configured domain and deriving the insight is the second step, 'Knowledge accumulation and Insight identification'. The third step is 'Opportunity Development and Prototyping'. It is going to start full-scale development at this stage. Finally, the 'User Feedback' step is to receive feedback from users on the developed prototype. This creates a "user needs-based service (product)" that meets the process's objectives. Beginning with the fact gathering through user observation, Perform the process of abstraction to derive insights and explore opportunities. Next, it is expected to develop a chatbot that meets the user's needs through the process of materializing to structure the desired information and providing the function that fits the user's mental model. In this study, we present the actual construction examples for the domestic cosmetics market to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed process. The reason why it chose the domestic cosmetics market as its case is because it shows strong characteristics of users' experiences, so it can quickly understand responses from users. This study has a theoretical implication in that it proposed a new chatbot development process by incorporating the design thinking methodology into the chatbot development process. This research is different from the existing chatbot development research in that it focuses on user experience, not technology. It also has practical implications in that companies or institutions propose realistic methods that can be applied immediately. In particular, the process proposed in this study can be accessed and utilized by anyone, since 'user needs-based chatbots' can be developed even if they are not experts. This study suggests that further studies are needed because only one field of study was conducted. In addition to the cosmetics market, additional research should be conducted in various fields in which the user experience appears, such as the smart phone and the automotive market. Through this, it will be able to be reborn as a general process necessary for 'development of chatbots centered on user experience, not technology centered'.

Structuralization of Elective Courses in High School Home Economics(Subject Group) in Preparation for the Next Curriculum (차기 교육과정을 대비한 고등학교 가정교과(군) 선택과목의 구조화)

  • Yu, Nan Sook;Baek, Min Kyung;Ju, Sueun;Han, Ju;Park, Mi Jeong
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.129-149
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    • 2021
  • The purposes of this study were to examine the current status of the establishment of home economics-related departments in colleges and universities and the changes required in the home economics curriculum of secondary schools, and to structure the elective courses of home economics subject(group) that can be organized in the next high school curriculum. To achieve these purposes, related literature and data were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey and FGI were conducted by home economics experts. The research results are as follows. First, home economics was considered to be highly related not only to the human ecology but also to social sciences, education, engineering, and arts and physical education. The numbers of technical colleges and 4-year universities with departments related to home economics were 1,405 and 961 respectively in 2019. Therefore, it was confirmed that there is a sufficient basis for opening home economics subject(group) elective courses in high school. Second, in the secondary school home economics curriculum, the concepts of culture, relations, independence, and sustainability were emphasized based on the changing life patterns and values. It was proposed that the contents of the home economics course would be structured in a way that allows deep and high-level thinking and helps students to enjoy culture. This demand can be implemented by diversifying, specializing, and structuring the elective courses of the home economics subject(group). Third, a total of 18 elective subjects and subject outlines were structured in the fields of child/family, food/nutrition, clothing, housing, consumption/family management, and home economics integration. This study results will contribute to the establishment of the high school credit system by providing basic information for organizing the next home economics curriculum, and expanding the options for home economics subject(group) to high school students.

Transition from Church School-Centered Education to Family-Centered Christian Faith Education (교회학교 중심의 교육에서 가정중심의 기독교 신앙교육으로의 전환)

  • Lee, Jeung Gwan
    • Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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    • v.69
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    • pp.9-44
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to restore religious education at home. Currently, Korean church education is facing a crisis. First, there is a decrease in the number of children in the church due to the problem of the low fertility rate. Second, the number of young people leaving the church is increasing. As a result, Maneun Church and church schools are being reduced or closed. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to change from church school-centered education to family-centered faith education. This is because the restoration of faith education is also connected with the restoration of the Korean church in crisis. As an alternative to overcome the current crisis of church education, it is necessary to return to the original form of religious education. In other words, we must return to the way God commanded religious education through parents at home. The most important thing is to overcome and recover from the absence of religious education at home. A Christian home becomes a place of education that fulfills the primary responsibility of religious education for children. God has given his parents the primary authority and responsibility for the religious education of their children. However, amid changes in society and home, the educational function of the home was entrusted to other educational institutions or specialized teachers. Parents of Christian families tend to delegate their children's religious education to church schools by neglecting their educational authority and responsibility. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reinforce that parents should have a Christian view of faith education and become the main agents of their children's faith education. Parents have the authority, responsibility, and duty as teachers for religious education given by God. The educational authority and responsibility of parents originate from God. God has commanded his parents to bring up their children in faith. Therefore, for parents to become the main agents of their children's religious education, restoration is needed in Christian home education. Therefore, the task of restoring the Christian family as a place of effective Christian education and fulfilling the educational mission of faith that God has given to parents is, first, that parents and the church must recognize the importance of Christian home education anew. Second, parents must have the correct awareness and mission in the Christian view of children. The mission of parents in a Christian home is to teach, train, and admonish their children in the Lord so that they can live with Christian values. Third, the church should actively support home education and form a deep bond between church education and home education.

Development of 1ST-Model for 1 hour-heavy rain damage scale prediction based on AI models (1시간 호우피해 규모 예측을 위한 AI 기반의 1ST-모형 개발)

  • Lee, Joonhak;Lee, Haneul;Kang, Narae;Hwang, Seokhwan;Kim, Hung Soo;Kim, Soojun
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.56 no.5
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    • pp.311-323
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    • 2023
  • In order to reduce disaster damage by localized heavy rains, floods, and urban inundation, it is important to know in advance whether natural disasters occur. Currently, heavy rain watch and heavy rain warning by the criteria of the Korea Meteorological Administration are being issued in Korea. However, since this one criterion is applied to the whole country, we can not clearly recognize heavy rain damage for a specific region in advance. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to reset the current criteria for a special weather report which considers the regional characteristics and to predict the damage caused by rainfall after 1 hour. The study area was selected as Gyeonggi-province, where has more frequent heavy rain damage than other regions. Then, the rainfall inducing disaster or hazard-triggering rainfall was set by utilizing hourly rainfall and heavy rain damage data, considering the local characteristics. The heavy rain damage prediction model was developed by a decision tree model and a random forest model, which are machine learning technique and by rainfall inducing disaster and rainfall data. In addition, long short-term memory and deep neural network models were used for predicting rainfall after 1 hour. The predicted rainfall by a developed prediction model was applied to the trained classification model and we predicted whether the rain damage after 1 hour will be occurred or not and we called this as 1ST-Model. The 1ST-Model can be used for preventing and preparing heavy rain disaster and it is judged to be of great contribution in reducing damage caused by heavy rain.

A Study on Sea Surface Temperature Changes in South Sea (Tongyeong coast), South Korea, Following the Passage of Typhoon KHANUN in 2023 (2023년 태풍 카눈 통과에 따른 한국 남해 통영해역 수온 변동 연구)

  • Jae-Dong Hwang;Ji-Suk Ahn;Ju-Yeon Kim;Hui-Tae Joo;Byung-Hwa Min;Ki-Ho Nam;Si-Woo Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.13-19
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    • 2024
  • An analysis of the coastal water temperature in the Tongyeong waters, the eastern sea of the South Sea of Korea, revealed that the water temperature rose sharply before the typhoon made landfall. The water temperature rise occurred throughout the entire water column. An analysis of the sea surface temperature data observed by NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) satellites, indicated that sea water with a temperature of 30℃ existed in the eastern waters of the eastern South Sea of Korea before the typhoon landed. The southeastern sea of Korea is an area where ocean currents prevail from west to east owing to the Tsushima Warm Current. However, an analysis of the satellite data showed that seawater at 30℃ moved from east to west, indicating that it was affected by the Ekman transport caused by the typhoon before landing. In addition, because the eastern waters of the South Sea are not as deep as those of the East Sea, the water temperature of the entire water layer may remain constant owing to vertical mixing caused by the wind. Because the rise in water temperature in each water layer occurred on the same day, the rise in the bottom water temperature can be considered as owing to vertical mixing. Indeed, the southeastern sea of Korea is a sea area where the water temperature can rise rapidly depending on the direction of approach of the typhoon and the location of high temperature formation.