• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.145-159
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• 2022

In this study, the extreme learning machine and deep learning models were devised to estimate the bond strength of corroded reinforcement in concrete. The six inputs and one output were used in this study. The compressive strength, concrete cover, bond length, steel type, diameter of steel bar, and corrosion level were selected as the input variables. The results of bond strength were used as the output variable. Moreover, the Analysis of variance (Anova) was used to find the effect of input variables on the bond strength of corroded reinforcement in concrete. The prediction results were compared to the experimental results and each other. The extreme learning machine and the deep learning models estimated the bond strength by 99.81% and 99.99% accuracy, respectively. This study found that the deep learning model can be estimated the bond strength of corroded reinforcement with higher accuracy than the extreme learning machine model. The Anova results found that the corrosion level was found to be the input variable that most affects the bond strength of corroded reinforcement in concrete.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2022

딥러닝 프레임워크는 현재에도 계속해서 발전되어 가고 있으며, 다양한 프레임워크들이 존재한다. 딥러닝의 대표적인 프레임워크는 TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras 등이 있다. 딥러님 프레임워크는 이미지 학습을 통해 이미지 분류에서의 최적화 모델을 이용한다. 본 논문에서는 딥러닝 이미지 인식 분야에서 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 TensorFlow와 PyTorch 프레임워크를 활용하여 이미지 학습을 진행하였으며, 이 과정에서 도출한 결과를 비교 분석하여 최적화된 프레임워크을 알 수 있었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2021

최근 딥러닝은 하드웨어 성능이 향상됨에 따라 자연어 처리, 영상 인식 등의 다양한 기술에 접목되어 활용되고 있다. 이러한 기술들을 활용해 지능형 교통 시스템(ITS), 스마트홈, 헬스케어 등의 산업분야에서 데이터를 분석하여 고속도로 속도위반 차량 검출, 에너지 사용량 제어, 응급상황 등과 같은 고품질의 서비스를 제공하며, 고품질의 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 정확도가 향상된 딥러닝 모델이 적용되어야 한다. 이를 위해 서비스 환경의 데이터를 분석하기 위한 딥러닝 모델을 개발할 때, 개발자는 신뢰성이 검증된 최신의 딥러닝 모델을 적용할 수 있어야 한다. 이는 개발자가 참조하는 딥러닝 모델에 적용된 학습 데이터셋의 정확도를 측정하여 검증할 수 있다. 이러한 검증을 위해서 개발자는 학습 데이터셋, 딥러닝의 계층구조 및 개발 환경 등과 같은 내용을 포함하는 딥러닝 모델을 문서화하여 적용하기 위한 구조적인 정보가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성있는 딥러닝 기반 데이터 분석 모델을 참조하기 위한 딥러닝 기술 언어를 제안한다. 제안하는 기술 언어는 신뢰성 있는 딥러닝 모델을 개발하는데 필요한 학습데이터셋, 개발 환경 및 설정 등의 정보와 더불어 딥러닝 모델의 계층구조를 표현할 수 있다. 제안하는 딥러닝 기술 언어를 이용하여 개발자는 지능형 교통 시스템에서 참조하는 분석 모델의 정확도를 검증할 수 있다. 실험에서는 제안하는 언어의 유효성을 검증하기 위해, 번호판 인식 모델을 중심으로 딥러닝 기술 문서의 적용과정을 보인다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2022

Nowadays, the complexity of object tracking models among hardware applications has become a more in-demand duty to complete in various indeterminable environment tracking situations with multifunctional algorithm skills. In this paper, we propose a virtual city environment using AirSim (Aerial Informatics and Robotics Simulation - AirSim, CityEnvironment) and use the DQN (Deep Q-Learning) model of deep reinforcement learning model in the virtual environment. The proposed object tracking DQN network observes the environment using a deep reinforcement learning model that receives continuous images taken by a virtual environment simulation system as input to control the operation of a virtual drone. The deep reinforcement learning model is pre-trained using various existing continuous image sets. Since the existing various continuous image sets are image data of real environments and objects, it is implemented in 3D to track virtual environments and moving objects in them.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2023

Image compression is a fundamental technique in the field of digital image processing, which will help to decrease the storage space and to transmit the files efficiently. Recently many deep learning techniques have been proposed to promise results on image compression field. Since many image compression techniques have artifact problems, this paper has compared two deep learning approaches to verify their performance experimentally to solve the problems. One of the approaches is a deep autoencoder technique, and another is a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). For those results in the performance of peak signal-to-noise and root mean square error, this paper shows that deep autoencoder method has more advantages than deep CNN approach.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 불꽃 감지를 위한 임베디드 시스템에 적합한 딥러닝 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 딥러닝 구조의 불꽃 감지 과정은 불꽃 색깔 모델을 사용한 불꽃 영역 검출, 불꽃 색깔 특화 딥러닝 구조를 사용한 불꽃 영상 분류, 검출된 불꽃 영역의 $N{\times}N$ 셀 분리, 불꽃 모양 특화 딥러닝 구조를 사용한 불꽃 영상 분류 등의 4가지 과정으로 구성된다. 첫 번째로 입력 영상에서 불꽃의 색만을 추출한 다음 레이블링하여 불꽃 영역을 검출한다. 두 번째로 검출된 불꽃 영역을 불꽃 색깔에 특화 학습된 딥러닝 구조의 입력으로 넣고, 출력단의 불꽃 클래스 확률이 75% 이상에서만 불꽃 영상으로 분류한다. 세 번째로 앞 단에서 75% 미만 불꽃 영상으로 분류된 영상들의 검출된 불꽃 영역을 $N{\times}N$ 단위로 분할한다. 네 번째로 $N{\times}N$ 단위로 분할된 작은 셀들을 불꽃의 모양에 특화 학습된 딥러닝 구조의 입력으로 넣고, 각 셀의 불꽃 여부를 판단하여 50% 이상의 셀들이 불꽃 영상으로 분류될 경우에 불꽃 영상으로 분류한다. 제안된 딥러닝 구조의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 ImageNet의 불꽃 데이터베이스를 사용하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 딥러닝 구조는 기존의 딥러닝 구조보다 평균 29.86% 낮은 리소스 점유율과 8초 빠른 불꽃 감지 시간을 나타내었다. 불꽃 검출률은 기존의 딥러닝 구조와 비교하여 평균 0.95% 낮은 결과를 나타내었으나, 이는 임베디드 시스템에 적용하기 위해 딥러닝 구조를 가볍게 구성한데서 나온 결과이다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안하는 불꽃 감지를 위한 딥러닝 구조는 임베디드 시스템 적용에 적합함이 입증되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5427-5445
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• 2019

While deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance in representation learning, a huge amount of labeled training data are usually required by supervised deep models such as convolutional neural networks. In this paper, we propose a new representation learning method, namely generative adversarial networks (GAN) based bagging deep convolutional autoencoders (GAN-BDCAE), which can map data to diverse hierarchical representations in an unsupervised fashion. To boost the size of training data, to train deep model and to aggregate diverse learning machines are the three principal avenues towards increasing the capabilities of representation learning of neural networks. We focus on combining those three techniques. To this aim, we adopt GAN for realistic unlabeled sample generation and bagging deep convolutional autoencoders (BDCAE) for robust feature learning. The proposed method improves the discriminative ability of learned feature embedding for solving subsequent pattern recognition problems. We evaluate our approach on three standard benchmarks and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to traditional unsupervised learning methods.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2021

In this study, a deep-learning image analysis model was established and validated for AI-based monitoring of the tidal flat ecosystem for marine protected creatures Ocypode stimpsoni and their habitat. The data in the study was constructed using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the U-net model was applied for the deep learning model. The accuracy of deep learning model learning results was about 0.76 and about 0.8 each for the Ocypode stimpsoni and their burrow whose accuracy was higher. Analyzing the distribution of crabs and burrows by putting orthomosaic images of the entire study area to the learned deep learning model, it was confirmed that 1,943 Ocypode stimpsoni and 2,807 burrow were distributed in the study area. Through this study, the possibility of using the deep learning image analysis technology for monitoring the tidal ecosystem was confirmed. And it is expected that it can be used in the tidal ecosystem monitoring field by expanding the monitoring sites and target species in the future.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2024

This research investigates the effectiveness of data augmentation techniques in the automated analysis of B-scan images from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) using deep learning. In spite of the growing interest in automating GPR data analysis and advancements in deep learning for image classification and object detection, many deep learning-based GPR data analysis studies have been limited by the availability of large, diverse GPR datasets. Data augmentation techniques are widely used in deep learning to improve model performance. In this study, we applied four data augmentation techniques (geometric transformation, color-space transformation, noise injection, and applying kernel filter) to the GPR datasets obtained from a testbed. A deep learning model for GPR data analysis was developed using three models (Faster R-CNN ResNet, SSD ResNet, and EfficientDet) based on transfer learning. It was found that data augmentation significantly enhances model performance across all cases, with the mAP and AR for the Faster R-CNN ResNet model increasing by approximately 4%, achieving a maximum mAP (Intersection over Union = 0.5:1.0) of 87.5% and maximum AR of 90.5%. These results highlight the importance of data augmentation in improving the robustness and accuracy of deep learning models for GPR B-scan analysis. The enhanced detection capabilities achieved through these techniques contribute to more reliable subsurface investigations in geotechnical engineering.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2019

Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning paradigm that forces agents to repeat the observation-action-reward process to assess and predict the values of possible future action sequences. This allows the agents to incrementally reinforce the desired behavior for a given observation. Thanks to the recent advancements of deep learning, reinforcement learning has evolved into deep reinforcement learning that introduces promising results in various control and optimization domains, such as games, robotics, autonomous vehicles, computing, industrial control, and so on. In addition to this trend, a number of programming libraries have been developed for importing deep reinforcement learning into a variety of applications. In this article, we briefly review and summarize 10 representative deep reinforcement learning libraries and compare them from a development project perspective.