• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2007

This study was investigated to know the effect of subzero treatment in austempered ductile cast iron. Retained austenite transformed to martensite by subzero treatment. With decreasing subzero treatment temperature, more volume fraction of retained austenite transformed to martensite and transformed to martensite above 30% by subzero treatment temperature at $-196^{\circ}C$. With decreasing subzero treatment temperature, the value of strength and hardness increased but the value of elongation and impact value decreased. In case of subzero treatment at $-196^{\circ}C$, hardness value increased about 18% and impact value decreased by above 20%. We could find that subzero treated specimens had a little of effect on the tensile properties but had very much effect on the hardness and value of the impact.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1982

The antihypertensive effect of clonidine administered concurrently with labetalol or metoprolol were studied with spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The changes of heart rate were also observed in the same rats. Every drug was orally administered single dose after prechecking the systolic blood pressure and heart rate of SHR. The blood pressure of SHR in concurrently administered group was more significantly decreased than in alone administered group. The effective and stable decrease of blood pressure was maintained at the group of clonidine with labetalol (0.05+50mg/kg) for 9 hours. The group of clonidine with metoprolol (0.05+100mg/kg) manifested more marked decrease of blood pressure than the group of metoprolol (100mg/kg) alone for 9 hours. The diminishing effect of heart rate was enhanced in group of administering clonidine with labetalol, decreasing the dose of labetalol from 50mg/kg via 25mg/kg to 12.5mg/kg. On the other hand, in the group that clonidine was administered concurrently with metoprolol, the diminishing effect of heart rate was decreased with decreasing doses of metoprolol from 100mg/kg via 50mg/kg to 25mg/kg.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.193-200
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• 1978

Cholic, ursodesoxycholic, chenodesoxycholic, desoxycholic and hydesoxycholic acids were dissolved in the propylene glycol to make solution and then above solution of cholanic acids on bile secretion was investigated by injection those solutions into small intestine of rabbits and albino rats. The cholates in bile juice from rabbits injected with cholic acid were remarkably increased and therefore it exhibited a typical choleretic action. In view of pharmacological point, desoxycholic acid is considered as superior hydrocholeretic agent, and ursodesoxycholic and chenodesoxycholic acids have similar effect in decreasing order. However, the effect of bile secretion by hyodesoxycholic acid was almost negligible as that by propylene glycol administered. The cholate content in the bile juice from albino rat was increased by cholic and desoxycholic acids in decreasing order: i.e., they exhibited choleretic action. In the case of ursodesoxycholic and chenodesoxycholic acids, the concentration of cholate was slightly increased in bile juice from the rat, so that these cholates showed a weak choleretic action. While total output of bilirubin was increased by chenodesoxycholic acid, the other cholanic acid showed no effect in the rabbit.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.208-217
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• 1997

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Banhaonpyetang and Banhaonpyetanggarnibang estimated the level of $pO_2,\;pCO_2$, and pH, the concentration of $HCO_{3}-ion$, the lung TBA(thiobarbituric acid) values in blood and oxygen consumption values in blood in $O_{3}-intoxicated$ rats. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Both Banhaonpyetang and Banhaonpyetanggamibang revealed the increasing effect with statistically significant on the blood $pO_2$ level in $O_{3}-intoxicated$ rats 2. Both Banhaonpytang and Banhaonpyetanggarnibang revealed the decreasing effect with statistically significant on the blood $pO_2$ level in $O_{3}-intoxicated$ rats 3. Both Banhaonpyetang and Banhaonphetanggarnibang revealed the decreasing effects with statistically significant on the blood $HCO_{3}level$ in $O_{3}-intoxicated$ rats. 4. Both Banhaonpyetang and Banhaonpyetanggamibang revealed the increasing effects with statistically significant on the blood pH level in. $O_{3}-intoxicated$ rats. 5. Both Banhaonpyetang and Banhaonpyetanggamibang revealed the decreasing effects with statistically significant on the Oxygen consumption values in $O_{3}-intoxicated$ rats. 6. Both Banhaonpyetang and Banhaonpyetanggamibang revealed the decreasing effects with statistically significant on the Lung TBA values in $O_{3}-intoxicated$ rats. According to the above findings, it is suggested that Banhaonpyetang and Banhaonpyetanggamibang retain effectiveness on the lung damages and can be used for treatment of respiratory disease.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.2925-2930
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• 2013

We present results of molecular dynamics simulations for hydroxide ion in supercritical water of densities 0.22, 0.31, 0.40, 0.48, 0.61, and 0.74 g/cc using the SPC/E water potential with Ewald summation. The limiting molar conductance of $OH^-$ ion at 673 K monotonically increases with decreasing water density. It is also found that the hydration number of water molecules in the first hydration shells around the $OH^-$ ion decreases and the potential energy per hydrated water molecule also decreases in the whole water density region with decreasing water density. Unlike the case in our previous works on LiCl, NaCl, NaBr, and CsBr [Lee at al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 293, 289-294 and J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 112, 864-869], the number of hydrated water molecules around ions and the potential energy per hydrated water molecule give the same effect to cause a monotonically increasing of the diffusion coefficient with decreasing water density in the whole water density region. The decreasing residence times are consistent with the decreasing potential energy per hydrated water molecule.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

The bacterial cellulose has many unique properties that are potentially and commercially beneficial. In order to make opaque product from this cellulose, filling properties by fillers should be known. This study was performed to investigate the effect of filler addition on physical properties of sheets from bacterial cellulose. The effect of filling on its optical properties was also discussed. The apparent density and internal bonding strength of bacterial cellulose sheet are decreasing with the increase of filler contents. Those adversely affect Young's modulus and physical property of the sheet, but these negative phenomena of the bacterial cellulose sheet by filler addition are not so sensitive compared to substantial decreasing of physical properties of ordinary hardwood KP. This strength decrease would be attributed to the decrease of relative bonding sites among pulp fibers. Concerned to optical properties, the bacterial cellulose sheet shows high increase of brightness and opacity according to filler loading, but no significant changes in porosity up to 17.3% loading because of fine and filamentous structure of bacterial cellulose fibers.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.249-256
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• 1984

The effects of $Ca^{2+}-antagonist$, cinnarizine, on the antihypertensive effects of propranolol and metoprolol were investigated in normal cat (i. v.) and SHR (p. o.). Cinnarizine increased the antihypertensive effect of propranolol, but not of metoprolol. It inhibited the heart rate decreasing effects of propranolol and metoprolol slightly. It decreased the norepinephrine-induced blood pressure increasing effect and isoproterenol-induced blood pressure decreasing effect when coadministered with metoprolol orally for 4 weeks in SHRs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.179-182
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• 2000

The dynamic softening behavior of type 430 ferritic stainless steel could be characterized by the hot torsion test in the temperature range of 900-110$0^{\circ}C$ and the strain rate range of 0.05-5/sec. It is found that the continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) was a major dynamic softening mechanism. The effects of process variables strain ($\varepsilon$) stain rate($\varepsilon$)and temperature (T) on CDRX could be individually established from the analysis of flow stress curves and microstructure. The effect of CDRX individually established from the analysis of flow stress curves and microstructure. The effect of CDRX increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature in continuous deformation. The multipass deformation processes were performed with 10 pass deformations. The CDRX effect occurred in multipass deformatioon. The grain refinement could be achieved from multipass deformation The grain refinement increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. Also the CDRX in multipass deformation was affected by interpass time and pass strain. The total strain was to be found key parameter to occur CDRX.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제48권
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• pp.113-149
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• 2002

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the decreasing effect of public and private income transfers on poverty rate. Two year data of Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS, 1998, 1999) are used for the analysis, and 1/2 of median income and 1/3 of mean income are adopted to measure poverty rate. Although private income transfer contributes more to reduce the rate than the public transfer, the main effect for decreasing poverty rate is forced by the wage. Statistically significant variables that affect to the exit of poverty based on the logistic regression analysis are number of family members(-), wage(+), property income(+), social insurance benefit(+), and the transfer income(+). Therefore, the future policy should be more related with the active labor market policy for developing better human resources among the poor family.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

The study aimed to determine the effects of Early Childhood STEP on parenting stress and child's behavior. The study subjects were 29 Korean mothers and their child. The researcher translated the Parent's guide of the Early Childhood STEP into Korean, along with the video tapes for parents. The experimental group was educated with the Early Childhood STEP program (lecture, reading educational material, discussion, watching video). To determine the pre- and post-test differences of parenting stress and infant behavior, t-test was used. The results are presented below. First, Early Childhood STEP exhibited a decreasing effect on the parenting stress of mothers. Second, STEP exhibited a decreasing effect on the infant behavior, particularly the behaviors in the areas of incapability, revenge, and power reactions.