• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

Total nitrogen is a major pollutant which mostly causes eutrophication and red tide. Wastewater effluent from printing of cotton-viscose rayon containing high concentrations of total nitrogen can not be effectively treated with a typical biological treatment process. This paper provides a new treatment process and experimental results for the removal of high strength nitrogen from dyeing wastewater. The optimum conditions of air stripping for the removal of total nitrogen include around pH 12, temperature $60^{\circ}C$ with 60 minutes of stripping time. In case of a filtration-air stripping process, an initial level ($500mg/{\ell}$) of total nitrogen was significantly reduced to below $60mg/{\ell}$. Deconite was synthesised for further decomposition of organic nitrogen. Thus, a filtration-decomposition-air stripping process was possibly achieved, by which a high level ($900mg/{\ell}$) of total nitrogen was effectively removed to below $60mg/{\ell}$ P. Finally, a continuous new process for the removal of total nitrogen is proposed and confirmed, based on batch experimental results, and its process validity is further discussed throughout.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

대형 고체로켓에 존재하는 그레인간 인히비터로 인해 발생하는 유동과 압력의 교란 현상을 조사하기 위해 Large Eddy Simulation과 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD) 기법을 적용하였다. 해석 결과는 실험 결과와 유사하며 정량적 및 정성적 분석을 수행하였다. 인히비터에서 발생하는 와류(vortex)는 노즐헤드와 충돌하여 발생하는 음향가진(acoustic source)에 영향을 받아 주기적으로 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 3차원 해석 결과 와류가 노즐헤드에 충돌하는 과정에서 유동이 불균형한 형상으로 분해되면서 노즐 출구 유동이 회전하여 롤 토크를 유발함을 확인 하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

$TiO_2$ and $xTiO_2-ySiO_2$ system photocatalysts were developed by sol-gel method based on the change of production parameters, and their structure of crystallization and the specific surface area was measured. Considering the efficiency of the ethanol decomposition using the catalyst, the conclusion was made as follows: 1) By means of X-ray analysis of $TiO_2$ powder that is obtained from water and Titanium alkoxide with various molar ratios, it is shown that structure of crystallization is a dominating structure and, on the other hand, the crystallization of rutile also partly exists. The specific surface area is at its maximum value at R=6, which is the molar ratio of water vs. alkoxide, whereas its value goes down as the molar ratio increases. In the reaction of using $TiO_2$ catalyst, the ethanol is decomposed into the extent of 15 ~30% in an hour and three hours are necessitated for 70% decomposition. 2) $TiO_2/SiO_2$ powder is developed from Titanium and Silicon alkoxide by a hetero-condensation process. The increase of SiO$_2$ contents causes the decrease of the degree of crystallization of the gel, whereas the specific surface area preferentially increases. In the decomposition reaction of the ethanol, the decomposition efficiency represents 25~60% in an hour. It is, however, examined that the efficiency inactively increases corresponding to the duration of reaction time. It is shown that more than 90% of ethanol is decomposed when reaction time is about three hours and the efficiency illustrates the maximum value for 60-$TiO_2/4O-SiO_2$ catalyst.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.241-244
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• 2008

The decomposition of incident and reflected wave on the two-dimensional experimental flume is very important to elucidate the phenomena between waves and coastal structure such as submerged breakwater or rubble-mound breakwater. In generally, two or three point methods are widely used to decompose waves. Even though three point method gives more accurate result, it requires more wave gauge to install than two point method. Sometimes, this causes economic or measurement problems. In this study, therefore, the applicability of two point method was investigated by using Eigenfunction expansion method.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.362-371
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• 2000

In order to reduce weight of a high-speed railroad vehicle, the main body has been manufactured by hollow section extrusion using aluminum alloys. A porthole die has utilized for the hollow section extrusion process, which causes complicated die geometry and flow characteristics. Design of porthole die is very difficult due to such a complexity. The three-dimensional finite element analysis for hollow section is also an arduous job from the viewpoint of appropriate mesh construction and tremendous computation time. In the present work, mismatching refinement, an efficient domain decomposition method with different mesh density for each subdomain, is implemented for the analysis of the hollow section extrusion process. In addition, a modified grid-based approach with the surface element layer is utilized lot three-dimensional mesh generation of a complicated shape with hexahedral elements. The effects of porthole design are discussed through the simulation for extrusion of an underframe part of a railroad vehicle. An experiment has also been carried out for the comparison. Comparing the velocity distribution at the outlet with the thickness variation of the extruded part, it is concluded that the analysis results can provide reliable measures whether the die design is acceptable to obtain uniform part thickness. The analysis results are then successfully reflected on the industrial porthole die design.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1041-1043
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• 2016

이 논문은 새로운 블라인드 부분 간격 등화기를 제안한다. 기존의 선형 계획법을 이용한 등화기는 등화기 필터 탭의 자유도를 강제로 줄였기 때문에 성능이 저하된다. 제안 방법은 특이값 분해를 통해 신호 공간을 구해 표본을 최대한 사용하여 등화기 성능을 향상시킨다. 제안 방법은 핵 노름을 이용한 등화기와 성능은 비슷하면서도, 기존 선형 계획법을 이용한 등화기와 비슷한 낮은 복잡도를 갖는다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2009

근래에 와서 강화 플라스틱 복합재료의 생산과 함께 열경화성 수지 폐기물들의 양이 급격하게 증가하여 심각한 환경문제를 야기하고 있다. 우수한 기계적 물성을 지닌 유용한 열경화성 수지의 하나인 에폭시 수지는 열가소성 수지처럼 용융되거나 재 성형되지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 철도 차량용 탄소섬유 강화 에폭시 수지 복합재로부터 에폭시 수지를 분해하여 탄소섬유를 회수하는 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 여러 분해공정들을 실험적으로 조사하여, 분해 효율과 회수되는 탄소섬유의 기계적 물성을 비교 검토하였다. 회수되는 탄소섬유가 서로 엉키는 것을 방지하기 위해서 각 복합재료 시편은 테플론 지지대로 고정시키고, 기계적인 교반을 가하지 않았다. 분해 생성물은 전자현미경(SEM), 기체 크로마토그라피 질량분석기(GC-MS) 및 만능재료시험기를 사용하여 분석하였다. 질산 수용액을 사용하는 분해 공정과 액상 및 기상 열분해 공정에서는 탄소섬유가 완전하게 회수되었다. 회수된 탄소섬유의 인장강도 감소율은 4% 미만으로 미미하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the major volatile organic compounds generated during extrusion work with nylon 66 resin and evaluate causes of discomfort among extrusion workers. Methods: A thermal decomposition experiment using nylon 66 resin collected at a worksite was conducted in the laboratory. Based on hazards identified through the thermal decomposition experiment, the exposure levels of the workers were evaluated. Results: The major decomposition products were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, aniline, cyclopentanone and diphenyl amine. These materials were identical to those sampled in the extrusion booth. The sources of the annoying smells, about which the workers had complained, were formaldehyde, aniline, diphenyl amine, and other hazards in the vapor and fine particles produced by the extrusion work. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and aniline were detected from air samples among workers involved in extrusion work. However, the concentration levels were much lower than Korean occupational exposure limits. The average concentration levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and aniline were 0.0120 ppm, 0.0036 ppm and 0.0006 ppm, respectively. Conclusions: The extrusion process at around $300^{\circ}C$ thermally decomposes the nylon 66 resin, emitting formaldehyde, aniline, and other hazards, which might have made workers uncomfortable due to their smells. The workers exposure levels to volatile organic compounds were far lower than Korean occupational exposure limits. However, since formaldehyde is a human carcinogen and acetaldehyde and aniline are also confirmed animal carcinogens, it is recommended that exposure levels should be maintained at a minimum level.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 다중 입출력 (MIMO) 공간다중화 (spatial multiplelxing, SM) 시스템을 위한 효율적인 심볼 검출 알고리즘이 제안되고, 이의 최적 설계 및 구현 결과가 제시된다. 에러 전파 (error propagation)을 야기하는 첫 검출 심볼의 검출 성능을 개선시킴으로써, 제안된 알고리즘은 기존의 정렬된 QR 분해 (sorted QR decomposition, SQRD) 기반 알고리즘이나 정렬된 순차적 검출 (ordered successive detection, OSD) 알고리즘에 비해 성능 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 4개의 송수신 안테나를 갖는 16QAM MIMO-SM 시스템에 대한 성능 평가 결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 기존 알고리즘에 비해 $10^{-3}$의 EBR에서 약 2.5-13.5 dB의 성능 이득을 얻음을 확인하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 하드웨어 설계 언어를 이용하여 설계 되었고, 0.18um CMOS 표준 셀 공정 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성 및 구현되었다. 구현결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 하드웨어의 큰 증가없이 구현 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Electromagnetic forming is a type of high-speed forming process to deform a workpiece through a Lorentz force. As the high strain rate in an electromagnetic-forming simulation causes infeasibility in determining constitutive parameters, we employed inverse parameter estimation in the previous study. However, the inverse parameter estimation process required us to spend considerable time, which leads to an increase in computational cost. To overcome the computational obstacle, in this research, we applied two types of surrogate modeling methods and compared them to each other to evaluate which model is best for the electromagnetic-forming simulation. We exploited an artificial neural network and we reduced-order modeling methods. During the construction of a reduced-order model, we extracted orthogonal bases with proper orthogonal decomposition and predicted basis coefficients by utilizing an artificial neural network. After the construction of the surrogate models, we verified the artificial neural network and reduced-order models through training and testing samples. As a result, we determined the artificial neural network model is slightly more accurate than the reduced-order model. However, the construction of the artificial neural network model requires a considerably larger amount of time than that of the reduced-order model. Thus, a reduced order modeling method is more efficient than an artificial neural network for estimating the electromagnetic forming and for the rapid approximation of structural simulations which needs repetitive runs.