• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.597-610
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• 2011

In database application developments, data coexists in memory and disk spaces. To manipulate the memory data, the general programing languages are used and to manipulate the disk data, SQL is used. In particular, the procedural languages for the memory manipulation are difficult to create and manage than declarative languages such as SQL. Thus, this paper shows that a particular structure of memory data, tree structured, can be manipulated by SQL. Most of all, the model data of the user interfaces can be represented by a tree structure and thus, it can be processed by SQL except non set computations. The non set computations could be done by helper classes. The SQL memory data manipulation is more suited to the database application developments which have few complex computations.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to model unusual association with declarative knowledge by positive affect using ACT-R cognitive architecture. Existing research related with cognitive modeling tends to pay a lot of attention to strong and negative cognitive moderator. Mild positive affect, however, has far-reaching effects on problem solving and decision making. Typically, subjects with positive affect were more likely to respond to unusual associates in a word association task than subjects with neutral affect. In this study, a cognitive model using ACT-R cognitive architecture was developed to show the effect of positive affect on the cognitive organization related with memory. First, we organized the memory structure of stimulus word 'palm' based on published results in a word association task. Then, we decreased an ACT-R parameter that reflects the amount of weighting given to the dissimilarity between the stimulus word and the associate word to represent reorganized memory structure of the model by positive affect. As a result, no significant associate probability difference between model prediction and existing empirical data was found. The ACT-R cognitive architecture could be used to model the effect of positive affect on the unusual association by decreasing (manipulating) the weight of the dissimilarity. This study is useful in conducting model-based evaluation of the effects of positive affect in complex tasks involving memory, such as creative problem solving.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a method whereby cues associated with previous learning are used to externally reactivate aspects of this learning. Research findings demonstrate that TMR can be a useful tool to enhance memory consolidation during sleep in both animals and humans, especially in the declarative/spatial domain. Neurocognitive processing during sleep with covert cueing via auditory or olfactory stimulation can benefit memory storage. These beneficial effects on memory consolidation during sleep are associated with the activation of memory-related brain areas. The purpose of the present review is to provide a short overview of the findings of studies that adopted the TMR method of sleep-dependent memory consolidation and to suggest the potential applications of TMR in variable areas.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2020

Various imperative statements that can be represented in the way in which the product or service is used describe how or how to achieve the goals, or induce or prohibit a specific action. This study focuses on The Effects of age and type of imperative sentence (directive vs. declarative) on behavioral intention and recall. As a result of the experiment, older people who have shorter lives remaining access information in a more emotional way, so they have been rejected by directive (vs. declarative) statements that felt more negative feelings, resulting in lowered behavioral intention. Conversely, the negative feeling caused by directive statements increased salience of directive (vs. declarative) sentence for older people more, which in turn increased memory for older people. Process analysis showed that emotions when exposed to statements mediated these results. The results of this study show that in order to improve consumers' behavioral response and/or the performance of information processing, it is necessary to deeply consider their age and how to construct the statement.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2008

Purpose : The objective of this study was to determine efficacy of sleep-dependent motor learning. Methods : This is a literature study with books and internet. We searched the PubMed, Science Direct, KISS and DBpia. Key words were Sleep-dependent, motor learning, RAM and LTP. Results : Procedural memory, like declarative memory, undergoes a slow, time-dependent period of consolidation. A process has recently been described wherein performance on some procedural task improves with the mere passage of time and has been termed "enhancement". Some studies have reported that the consolidation/enhancement of perceptual and motor skill is dependent on sleep. Specially, rapid-eye-movement(REM) sleep seems to benefit procedural aspects of memory. Conclusion : Motor learning is very important for CNS injury patients. And also distribution of practice sessions is important because REM sleep is to benefit procedural aspects of memory consolidation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of instruction with stories on elementary school students' science learning and memory. For the purpose, this researcher sampled 3 classes in their 3th grade from an elementary school. Out of the three classes, two were designated as the comparative group consisting of 70 students and the other, the experimental group, 32 students. The former group was applied instruction treatment under the 7th national curriculum of education. The other group was instructed with a story book that contained stories students already knew which were somewhat rearranged to comply with contents of a relevant curricular course. Results of the study can be described as follows. First, academic achievement test was made immediately after the treatment to show that the experimental group was significantly higher in scores for memory and understanding in the section of 'Finding Constellations' that the other group. Second, the two groups' academic achievements in relation to the section, 'Finding Constellations' were tested 3 months after the treatment to show that the experimental group was significantly higher in scores for memory and understanding than the comparative group. Such achievements within the groups were tested 3 months after the treatment to find that both of the two groups didn't show statistically significant differences.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed an optimal ILP algorithm on memory address code generation for DSP in embedded system. This paper using 0-1 ILP formulations DSP address generation units should minimize the memory variable data layout. We identify the possibility of the memory assignment of variable based on the constraints condition, and register the address code which a variable instructs in the program pointer. If the process sequence of the program is declared to the program pointer, then we apply the auto-in/decrement mode about the address code of the relevant variable. And we minimize the loads on the address registers to optimize the data layout of the variable. In this paper, in order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, FICO Xpress-MP Modeling Tools were applied to the benchmark. The result that we apply a benchmark, an optimal memory layout of the proposed algorithm then the general declarative order memory on the address/modify register to reduce the number of loads, and reduced access to the address code. Therefor, we proved to reduce the execution time of programs.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2000

The distinction between short-term store (STS) and long-term store (LTS) has been made in the perspective of information processing. Memory system theorists have argued that memory could be conceived as multiple memory systems beyond the concept of a single LTS. Popular memory system models are Schacter & Tulving (994)'s multiple memory systems and Squire (987)'s the taxonomy of long-term memory. Those m models agree that amnesic patients have intact STS but impaired LTS and have preserved implicit memory. However. there is a debate about the nature of the long-term memory impairment. One model considers amnesic deficit as a selective episodic memory impairment. whereas the other sees the deficits as both episodic and semantic memory impairment. At present, it remains unclear that episodic memory should be distinguished from semantic memory in terms of retrieval operation. The distinction between declarative memory and nondeclarative memory would be the alternative way to reflect explicit memory and implicit memory. The research focused on the function of frontal lobe might give clues to the debate about the nature of LTS.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2019

Currently, a majority of artificial intelligence is used to secure big data; however, it is concentrated in a few of major companies. Therefore, automatic data augmentation and efficient learning algorithms for small-scale data will become key elements in future artificial intelligence competitiveness. In addition, it is necessary to develop a technique to learn meanings, correlations, and time-related associations of complex modal knowledge similar to that in humans and expand and transfer semantic prediction/knowledge inference about unknown data. To this end, a neural memory model, which imitates how knowledge in the human brain is processed, needs to be developed to enable knowledge expansion through modality cooperative learning. Moreover, declarative and procedural knowledge in the memory model must also be self-developed through human interaction. In this paper, we reviewed this essential methodology and briefly described achievements that have been made so far.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.631-635
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• 2001

The Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) is a declarative markup language based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) to define a set of markup tags for synchronizing the timing and positioning relationships between multimedia objects. SMIL makes authoring of TV-like multimedia presentations on the Web easier for applications such as electronic commerce. We present the design and implementation of a JAVA-based SMIL player, which processes different types of media objects using multiple threads. Moreover, its cache engine detects the media type and allocates the proper cache memory for the corresponding media object.