• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.977-987
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach for flood vulnerability assessment which considers uncertainty. The flood vulnerability assessment procedure consists of three steps: (1) use the Delphi process to determine the criteria and their corresponding weights-the adopted criteria represent the social, economic, and environmental circumstances related to floods, (2) construct a fuzzy data matrix for the flood vulnerability criteria using fuzzification and standardization, and (3) set priorities based on the number of assessed vulnerabilities. This study uses a modified fuzzy TOPSIS method based on ${\alpha}$-level sets which considers various uncertainties related to weight derivation and crisp data aggregation. Further, Spearman's rank correlation analysis is used to compare the rankings obtained using the proposed method with those obtained using fuzzy TOPSIS with fuzzy data, TOPSIS, and WSM methods with crisp data. The fuzzy TOPSIS method based on ${\alpha}$-cut level sets is found to have a higher correlation rate than the other methods, and thus, it can reduce the difference of the rankings which uses crisp and fuzzy data. Thus, the proposed flood vulnerability assessment method can effectively support flood management policies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5D
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• pp.473-481
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• 2012

Demand of Natural Gas (NG) consumption is continuously increasing by long service life and low environmental impact than other fossil fuels. Because of this reasons, Gas wells exploration and huge LNG plant construction project are being boosted world-widely. Especially, overseas NG pipe-line projects are emerging by considering safe and efficiency at the inter-country sections. At the same time, Korean contractors are being achieved to record-breaking performance at 2011's overseas construction market and 80% of new-record was attained from overseas plant construction projects. Nevertheless, Korean contractors are behind than overseas leading contractors by geographical distance from gas wells and concentrated demand for storage plant. In these reasons, this paper aims to develop the standardized business process model(BPM) for overseas NG pipe-line project at project planning phase to support the project entry. To this aim, first of all, extract the BPM through the broad literature and overseas construction market review and domestic/overseas pipe-line project analysis. Second, Test-bed was performed to confirm of practical applicability by 4 experts. And then 15 experts survey were performed to validate the usability and effectiveness of BPM for overseas NG pipe-line project. Consequently, if Korean contractors are using this BPM with their own know-how and experiences, it will be returned to more reasonable and rational references for decision making in overseas NG pipe-line project.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.190-205
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• 1994

Respect for human life and respect for human dignity are two basic values to which organized nursing has urged its members to adhere in their service to mankind. Thus it is the nurses’ duty to provide health care in support of sustenance of life and to pay respect for the patient’s right to dignity. In practice, however, nurses may experience dilemmas between these duties much due to the de velopment of modern advanced techniques. These dilemmas have become more complex and difficult to resolve. Nurses are often faced with situations in which the terminally ill refuse professional care, posing serious conflicts between respect for human life and respect for human rights to self-determination. In such cases, resolution of the problem is not a simple matter, thus requires intensive study into the ethical questions related to the situation. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical problems that nurses experience in caring for terminally ill patients and explore the ways to the resolution of problems within the context of the situations. The methodology used for the study was a case study method which ‘New Casuistry’ proposed by Jonsen & Toulmin(1988) and the ‘Specified Principlism’ proposed by Degrazia(1992) as an alternative to old deductive and intuitive method. Cases were developed through semistructured indepth interviews according to the casutistry method. A total of seven nurses were interviewd who were caring for therminally ill patients. Four cases out of a total 14 cases were related to the topic. Through the case analysis it became evident that nurses appreciated other values more often than respect for the patient’s right to self-determination. These other values were convenience and efficiency in nursing practice in case 1, preservation of life above all other values in case 2, provision of nursing care to fulfill the nurse’s professional obligation at most in case 3, and respect for the family’s demand against the patient’s wish in case 4. This study showed that the most important ethical problems were conflict between respect for the patient’s right to self-determination and sustenance of life for the fulfillment of professional obligation. For this problem, benefit /burden analysis from the perspective of the patient and family for the promotion of patient’s wellbeing may be a way to resolve the conflict. Further, through these analysis it was shown that physicians’ and families’ opinions dominated in the decision - making and the opinions of nurses’ and patients’ tended not to be reflected. Thus the patient's right to his or her care was not readily respected. To solve this problem. nurses should make efforts to communicate reciprocally with their patients, family members and physicians in an effort to respect for their patient’s rights to life and diginity from the point of view and values of the patient. It is also important that nurses provide good basic nursing care up to the time of death regardless of decisions about providing or not aggressive treat-ment for chronically and terminally ill patients.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2008

In this study, the residual strength prediction models were proposed by measuring various residual strength according to pit characteristics for metallic water pipes such as cast iron pipe (CIP), ductile iron pipe (DIP), and steel pipe (SP). The exponential prediction model was better fitted to measured residual tensile strength for CIP. In case of DIP and SP, the prediction model using loss of strength was more exactly predicted compared with other model types. The fracture toughness were averagely $40.46kgf/mm^2{\sqrt{mm}}$ for CIP, $85.27kgf/mm^2{\sqrt{mm}}$ for DIP, and $92.27kgf/mm^2{\sqrt{mm}}$ for SP, the determination coefficient ($R^2$) of between measured residual tensile strength and predicted values for residual strength prediction models using fracture toughness was estimated from 0.44 to 0.86. Especially, the proposed residual tensile strength prediction models were applied for the verification and reliability to CIPs and DIPs at 14 sites. The determination coefficient ($R^2$) between measured residual tensile strength and predicted values was estimated from 0.76 to 0.78. Therefore it was thought that the proposed residual tensile strength models could help to support resonable and economical decision of rehabilitation/replacement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1788-1795
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• 2017

In this paper, we proposed a service that provides CPA/TCPA information to ships, without ARPA/ATA devices to support decision making of the navigator for maritime safety based on various services at shore and off-shore. To verify the proposed service, we use SiNAS (scenario-based simulator for NAS) with CPA/TCPA information providing software to evaluate its usability, because executing the test in real ship has many limitations and difficulties. To do this, we specify two simulation scenarios for the required purpose, and we liaise twelve participants with various navigation experience to conduct the simulations. Also, we analyze the results of simulation using mission success or not, the minimum approaching distance with the target ship, the time of a recognition the target ship, the time of a first action for collision avoidance with the target ship, and so on. Then, we evaluate usability of the proposed service based on the three elements which are effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.83-98
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• 2020

This study analyzes how investors' irrational behavior (or pessimistic sentiment) affects stock market returns and investors' market activity using mass media that delivered public information from January 1998 to December 2012 as a sample. According to pessimistic investor theory, investor pessimism leads to downward pressure on the price of equity capital, thereby making market sentiment pessimistic and lowering market yields. It also shows that investor pessimism increases transaction costs in the market, which in turn dampens investors' trading activities. In other words, pessimistic reporting on public information disseminated by mass media induces investors to act irrationally, eventually having a direct impact on the stock market. This study conducted an empirical analysis of the existing theoretical and empirical studies using domestic mass media as a sample. First, the study revealed a negative correlation between pessimistic reporting and returns as well as excess returns, while it did not show statistically significant results. Second, evidence has been suggested that pessimistic sentiment in the stock market has a negative impact on future pessimistic reporting by mass media. Third, the analysis of the impact of pessimistic reporting on investors' market activity using proxy variables for various market activities found that pessimism dampens market activity, while it did not show statistically significant results. It is assumed that low statistical significance is due to the fact that sample collection was carried out on a monthly basis. While the results of the study have low statistical significance, statistical signs support predictions of the theory.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine if ego resilience has regulating effects in correlation between child care teachers' job stress and work environment and their performance of roles with child care teachers working in Seoul and Incheon. PASW 20.0 was employed to conduct frequency, percentage, and reliability analysis. For each of the study questions, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were done. The findings of this study are as follows; First, job stress perceived by child care teachers is found to have negative effects on their performance of roles. Second, work environment perceived by child care teachers such as relationship with the director, relationship with fellow teachers, welfare environment, support for teacher expertise, and factors related to operation or decision making are found to influence their performance of roles. Lastly, in correlation between work environment perceived by child care teachers and their performance of roles, ego resilience has regulating effects, and so does it in correlation between job stress and their performance of roles.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.291-307
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• 2001

In today's environmental engineering practice, many technologies such as GIS have been adopted to analyze chemical and biological process in water bodies and pollutants movements on the land surface. However, the linkage between spatially represented land surface pollutants and the in-stream processes has been relatively weak. This lack of continuity needs to develop a method in order to link the spatially-based pollutant source characterization with the water quality modeling. The objective of this thesis was to develop a two-way(forward and backward) link between ArcView GIS software and the USEPA water quality model, WASP5. This thesis includes a literature review, the determination of the point source and non-point source loadings from WASP5 modeling, and the linkage of a GIS with WASP5 model. The GIS and model linkage includes pre-processing of the input data within a GIS to provide necessary information for running a model in the forms of external input files. The model results has been post-processed and stored in the GIS database to be reviewed in a user defined form such as a chart, or a table. The interface developed from this study would provide efficient environment to support the easier decision making form water quality management.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.183-202
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• 2009

This study estimates the port waiting cost of international trade ports in Korea by an opportunity cost approach. In the next step, we present a method to assess the levels of port services by the average waiting cost of ships derived from the results of the first step. Because the port waiting cost reflects the social cost, it is difficult to use as a service indicator even though it is the decision support information for a particular port facility expansion. The percentages of waiting ships and time also are insufficient indicators to reflect only the quantitative aspects by the time. However, the average waiting cost of ships in this study can be utilized as a service indicator to reflect waiting time and the loss of economic value simultaneously. It is also very useful information for a shipper and a carrier to select a port. Based on the average waiting cost of ships in 2007, it is analyzed in order of lowest service ports sequentially such as Pyeongtaek-Dangjin, Pohang, Donghae, and Samcheonpo. It is different from the sequential order of ports by the port waiting cost such as Pohang, Incheon, Gwangyang, Pyeongtak-Dangjin, and Ulsan. The port waiting cost is to a port authority as a key indicator what the average waiting cost of ships is to a port user as a useful indicator to evaluate the levels of port services.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2010

Group-based learning is known to be an effective means to improve scholastic achievement in online learning. Therefore, there are some previous researches for the group-based learning. A lot of previous researches define factors for grouping from the characteristics of classes, teacher's decision and students' preferences and then generate a group based on the defined factors. However, many algorithms proposed by previous researches depend on a specific class and is not a general approach since there exist several differences in terms of the need of courses, learners, and teachers. Moreover it is hard to find a automatic system for group generation. This paper proposes a grouping system which automatically generate a learner group according to characteristics of various classes. the proposed system automatically generates a learner group by using basic information for a class or additional factors inputted from a user. The proposed system defines a set of rules for learner grouping which enables automatic selection of a learner grouping algorithm tailored to the characteristics of a given class. This rule based approach allows the proposed system to accommodate various learner grouping algorithms for a later use. Also we show the usability of our system by serviceability evaluation.