• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.326-332
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to compare the perception of pain between patients treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances and those treated with Invisalign aligners. Methods: This prospective study conducted in Saudi Arabia used an estimated sample of 64 patients from a private dental clinic. After obtaining written informed consent, the patients were divided into two groups; one group (n = 32) was treated using passive self-ligating fixed appliances and the other group (n = 32) using $Invisalign^{(R)}$ aligners. Immediately after fitting the appliances, the patients' perception of pain was evaluated through a close-ended and coded self-administrated questionnaire by using a visual analog scale (VAS). Their responses were recorded at 4 hours, 24 hours, day 3, and day 7. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson's chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis. Results: A lower percentage of patients treated with Invisalign aligners reported pain than did patients treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances, and these differences were statistically significant (p = 0.001). Similarly, the mean VAS score for the Invisalign group was significantly lower than that for the passive self-ligating fixed appliance group at different intervals during the first week of treatment. The intensity of pain with both appliances peaked at 24 hours (mean VAS score, 3.87) and was lowest (mean VAS score, 1.62) on day 7. Conclusions: During the first week of orthodontic treatment, patients treated with Invisalign aligners reported lower pain than did those treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.86-99
• /
• 1998

Antiallergic action and the effect on normal immune function of an oriental medical prescription Gegangjochohwangsinbutang (GJHB) water extract were examined in several experimental models. GJHB water extract at 600-1,800 mg/kg/day administered orally for one week significantly recuded the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Whereas the extravasation induced by intradermal leukotriene D4 in rats was significantly inhibited by GJHB water extract at 600-1,800 mg/kg/day, po, for one week, but that by histamine or serotonin was not influenced. In a rat asthma model, the delayed airway resistance in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic response was significantly attenuated by GJHB water extract of 1,800 mg/kg/day, po, administered for one week. It was also found that GJHB water extract at 1 mg/kg concentration in vitro relaxed the isolated uinea pig trachea contracted by leukotrien D4, but not that by histamine. The above findings indicate that GJHB water extract can ameliorate the adverse effect of type Ⅰ allergy such as asthma. This pharmacological action seems to derive from an inhibition of GJHB water extract on leukotriene D4-related physiological change.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.115-134
• /
• 2017

A total number of 668 apparently healthy fish were obtained from farm to study the effect of two heavy metals (Copper and Mercury) on histopathology of liver, kidney, spleen, gills and muscles also residues in muscles. The $LC_{50}$/96 hr. of Cu and Hg were estimated and fish exposed to 1/2 $LC_{50}$ for 7 days and for 1/10 $LC_{50}$ for 8 weeks from each product separately. Histopathological findings in acute and chronic mercuric chloride toxicity revealed degeneration and necrosis in the glomeruli, interstitium tissue and epithelium lining renal tubules. The tubular epithelium became necrotic at several places. Eosinophilic hyaline droplets is exist in the cytoplasm of the necrosed cells. Degenerative changes and hyperactivity in melanomachrophage center was seen in the spleen together with some necrotic areas. Necrosis and aggregation of melanomachrophage were seen in the hepatic cells, Hepatic cells showed vacuolar degeneration in the hepatic cells. Gills showed loss in the lamellae of the filaments associated with edema, inflammatory cells infiltration and haemorrhages in the arch. The sarcoplasm of the bundles of the skeletal muscle showed granular degeneration and focal inflammatory cells infiltration between the hyalinized bundles. Mercury residues obtained from these studies in the acute toxicity were 0.22 ppm/gm in the 2nd day, 0.411 ppm/gm in the $5^{th}$ day ended with 0.96 ppm/gm in the $7^{th}$ day. In chronic toxicity it was 1.1320, 1.7140, 2.3620 and 3.5640 ppm/gm respectively from the $2^{nd}$ to the $8^{th}$ week of exposure. In acute and chronic copper toxicity, there was degenerative changes in renal tubules. Melanophores aggregation in the wall of the blood vessels of the spleen and depletion of some of the melanophores in the melanomachrophage were seen together with necrosis in some areas. Congested Mvs (Micro vessels) and vacuolation of hepatocytes were observed. Some areas of hemorrhage and melanophores vacuolar degeneration in the liver were seen. There was mitosis in some areas with displesia of hepatopancreatic cells and eosinophilic granular cells aggregation. Zymogen granules disappeared and there were dyplastic hepatocytes. Congestion in the blood vessels of the gill filaments, associated with massive number of granular eosinophilic cells infiltration were seen in the base of the filaments. There were sever vacuolization and hyalinization in the skeletal muscle bundles. Detection of residues of copper sulfate revealed increase of the amount of copper measured in ppm/gm comparing to the normal control starting from 0.60 ppm/g in the $2^{nd}$ day, 0.67 ppm/g in the $5^{th}$ day and 0.67 ppm/g in the $7^{th}$ day. Result obtained in chronic copper sulfate toxicity revealed gradual increase of the amount of copper which ranged from 0.18 ppm/g at the $2^{nd}$ week to 0.21 ppm/g in the $8^{th}$ week of exposure.

• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 1991

Although Korea has had a proud maritime history of thousands of years marked by outstanding leaders such as Chang Bogo and Yi Soon-shin there has not been a unified 'Ocean Day' like the one in Japan. Extensive historical survey revealed eight candidate days for ocean day designation. Historical significance, seasonal consideration and other factors were examined with respect to each candidate date. Of the eight events the establishment of Chunghaejin maritime base on the island of Wando on the southern coast of Korea by Admiral Changbogo in the lunar month of April in the year of 828 is judged to have the greatest desirability Institution of 'Ocean Day' is recommended with the date to celebrate as May 20(a convenient date of May as translated into solar month). A weeklong celebration throughout the country is also recommended with colorful events to be had over the Ocean Week following the Ocean Day.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.687-701
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess dietary variety by food habits(regularity of meal time, regularity of repast, repast of breakfast, lunch, and supper, number of suppers and night snacks per week, and duration of meal) in 138 female university students residing in Bucheon and its adjacent area. Food habits were assessed via a self reporting questionnaire, and a 3-day dietary recall survey was conducted by interviewing. Dietary variety was assessed by dietary diversity score(DDS), meal balance score(MBS), and dietary variety score(DVS). The average DDS, MBS, and DVS were $3.87{\pm}0.57$, $7.27{\pm}1.48$, and $12.59{\pm}3.14$, respectively. The DDS($2.21{\pm}0.83$) of the breakfast in the group in which the regularity of meal time per week was 5~7 days was significantly higher($p$ <0.01) than the DDS($1.47{\pm}0.96$) of the breakfast in the group in which the regularity of meal time per week was ${\leq}$2 days. The MBS($6.69{\pm}1.43$) of the group in which the regularity of meal times per week was ${\leq}2$ days was significantly lower($p$ <0.01) than the MBS of the group in which the regularity of meal time per week was ${\geq}3$ days. The DDS($2.38{\pm}0.69$) of the breakfast in the breakfast over eating group was significantly higher($p$ <0.001) than the DDS($1.83{\pm}0.83$) of breakfast under eating group. The MBS($6.56{\pm}1.46$) in the breakfast skipping group was significantly lower($p$ <0.01) than the MBS(about 7.6) in other breakfast eating groups, and the DVS ($13.79{\pm}3.21$) in the breakfast over eating group was significantly higher($p$ <0.05) than the DVS($11.53{\pm}2.94$) in the breakfast skipping group. The DDS of breakfast, lunch, and snack were not significantly correlated with the number of suppers per week, but the DDS($2.65{\pm}0.52$) of the supper in the group in which the number of suppers per week was 7 was significantly higher($p$ <0.05) than the DDS($2.22{\pm}0.49$, $2.25{\pm}0.62$) of the supper in the group in which the number of suppers per week was ${\leq}2$, 3~4. The DDS, MBS and DVS were not significantly correlated with the number of suppers per week. The DDS($1.33{\pm}1.25$) of the breakfast in the group in which the number of night snacks per week was 6~7 was significantly lower($p$ <0.05) than the DDS of the breakfast in the group in which the number of night snacks was ${\leq}5$. Also, the DDS($4.42{\pm}0.32$) per day in the group in which the duration of meal was <10 min. was significantly higher($p$ <0.01) than the DDS($3.51{\pm}0.53$) per day in the group in which the duration of meal was ${\geq}30$ min. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on female university students' eating variety and food habits(regularity of meal time, regularity of repast, repast of breakfast, lunch, and supper, number of suppers, and night snacks per week, and duration of meal) may be required to improve dietary variety.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.14-26
• /
• 1990

This study was undertaken to observe the histopathologic changes of the extraction wounds of diabetic rats when exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. A total of 50 rats (Spraque-Dawley strain) were used, which were all induced with diabetes using streptozotocin before the experiment. The experimental group was exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5atm. for 2 hours a day during the experimental period. The obtained results were summarized as follows : 1. Severe infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the initial stages of both the control and experimental groups. The infiltration showed a decreasing tendency at 3rd week in the experimental group, while severe inflammatory infiltration observed in the control group during the entire experimental period. 2. There was abundant proliferation of capillary blood vessels at 1st week after extraction in the experimental group, while moderate capillary growth in the control group was observed at 1st week after extraction. 3. Osteoblastic activity was started at 1st week after extraction in the experimental group, but there showed markedly delayed appearance in the control group, which showed at 2nd week after extraction. 4. The proliferation of fibroblasts showed rather in the experimental group at 1st week, but it was moderate in the control group at 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week. 5. Epithelialization of the extraction wound was started at 2 days after extraction and reached its peak at 3rd week in the experimental group, while control group seemed to be delayed and incompleted during the experiment. With regard to these results, hyperbaric oxygen therapy disclosed an effective results on the healing of the extraction wound in diabetic rats under exposure at 2.5 atm for 2 hours daily.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.285-298
• /
• 2008

Objective : This study was aimed to investigated the correlation between the stroke incidence by day of the week and risk factors in acute stroke patients. Methods : From October in 2005 to October in 2007, 673 acute stroke patients wereincluded. Patients were hospitalized within 14 days after the onset of stroke in DongGuk University International Hospital, Kyungwon University In-cheon Oriental Medical Hospital or the Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), Kyung Hee University Oriental hospital. We investigated general characteristics, stroke types, age group, educational backgrounds, medical history, lifestyle (the impact of stress, exercise, smoking and drinking) and Sasang constitution according to the stroke incidence by day of the week. Results : After examining each participants with day of the week, the order of days by incidence was Monday, Wednesday, Sunday, Saturday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday respectively. Monday and Tuesday showed the highest ratio. As the aspect of demographic data of subjects, the group under 55 years and from 55 years to 70 years showed the highest ratio on Monday. In the group between 25 years to 55 years, the ratio, by the classification of actual productive age, was statistically higheron Monday. In addition, the ratio showed statistically higherby educational background, from elementary school to high school and over high school. In regard tothe medical aspect, incidence of cerebral hemorrhage showed higher ratio on Sunday, and incidence of brain infarction was higheron Monday. However, there was no difference of the past history between the two groups. With regard tothe aspect of lifestyle of subjects, the group with huge stress before the incidence of stroke showed a higher ratio of stroke incidence on Monday. Participants who didn't exercise regularly and participants who didn't smoke or drink showed higher ratio of stroke incidence on Monday. However, this was not important statistically. In regard to the aspect of Sasang constitution, Soeumin showed the highest ratio of stroke incidence on Wednesday, Taeuminon Monday, and Soyangin on Saturday and Monday. Conclusion : According to these results, several cardiovascular risk factors affect stroke incidences on Monday. Further studies will be needed to help understand the correlation between stroke incidence by day of the week and risk factors in acute stroke patients.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.591-599
• /
• 2019

The study was conducted to investigate the growth performance of two strains of Korean domestic chickens (KDC, i.e., 1A, and 2A). A total of 600, one-day-old female chicks were allocated in a completely randomized design to give 15 replicates for each strain (10 birds per pen). The chickens were fed (week 0 to 6: ad libitum; week 6 to 12: restricted feeding) commercial diets (week 0 to 5: crude protein 20.3% and metabolizable energy 3,059 kcal/kg; week 5 to 8: crude protein 18.6% and metabolizable energy 3,123 kcal/kg, and week 8 to 12: crude protein 16.7% and metabolizable energy 3,187 kcal/kg) together with fresh water. Body weight (BW) and feed intake were measured bi-weekly to calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and subsequently the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results indicate that the 1A crossbreed had a higher (p < 0.05) BW compared to the 2A crossbreed from week 6 to 10. A higher ADG (p < 0.05) was seen in the 1A crossbreed on week 6 and in the 2A crossbreed on week 8. Moreover, no difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the FCR between crossbreed 1A and 2A during the 12 weeks with the exception of week 8. Crossbreed 1A had (p < 0.05) an improved FCR compared to the 2A crossbreed on week 8. In conclusion, the 1A crossbreed had a higher growth performance compared to the 2A crossbreed for 12 weeks after hatching. This data can contribute by helping the KDC market.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2012

지역사회 성인을 대상으로 알코올 섭취량과 동맥경직도의 관련성을 파악하였으며, 아울러 폭음과 동맥경직도의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 지역사회기반 코호트 연구에 참여한 50세 이상 성인 5944명을 대상으로 하루 평균 알코올 소비량(g/day)과 월 폭음 빈도를 조사하였다. 상완-발목동맥 맥파전도속도(baPWV)를 측정한 후 남녀 각각에서 baPWV 4사분위에 해당하는 집단을 'high baPWV'로 정의하였다. 남성 알코올 섭취군의 교차비는 비음주군과 비교해서 유의한 차이가 없었지만, >40.0 g/d 알코올 섭취군의 교차비는 유의하게 증가하였다. 모든 여성 알코올 섭취군의 교차비는 비음주군에 비해서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 남성에서는 비폭음군에 비해 주 1회 미만 폭음군 및 주 1회 이상 폭음군의 high baPWV에 대한 교차비가 유의하게 증가하였다. 여성에서는 비폭음군에 비해 주 1회 이상 폭음군의 교차비가 유의하게 증가하였다. 남녀 모두에서 적당한 음주는 동맥경직도의 위험성이 낮은 반면, 과도한 음주는 동맥경직도의 위험성이 증가하였으며, 전반적으로 알코올 섭취량과 baPWV로 측정한 동맥경직도 사이에는 J자 형태의 관련성이 있었다. 또한 알코올 섭취량을 포함한 기존의 심혈관 위험요인과는 독립적으로 남녀 모두에서 폭음이 동맥경직도와 유의한 관련성이 있었다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 국내 과적차량 단속 대상에서 제외된 소형트럭에 대한 과적 운행 여부를 파악하기 위하여 국도 3개 지점에서 소형트럭의 교통량과 중량 자료를 수집하였다. 그리고 이를 차종별, 요일별, 시간대별로 구분하여 차량 총중량별 과적 분포를 분석하였다. 차종별 분석 결과, 평균적으로 1.5톤 이하 트럭은 6.2%, 2.5톤 이하 트럭은 31.7%, 그리고 3.5톤 이하 트럭은 13.7%의 과적비율로 나타났다. 그리고 동일한 차종에 대하여 수집 지점별로 차이가 나타났고, 소형트럭의 총중량 무게가 적을수록 과적 비율이 높게 나타났다. 요일별 분석 결과, 특정요일에 과적비율이 높게 나타나는 경향은 없었으나 각 지점별로 요일별 예측 가능한 발생 패턴이 있는 것으로 보였다. 그리고 시간대별 분석 결과 모든 지점에서 점심시간 이후 시간(13:00~15:59)대에 과적차량의 비율이 평균적으로 가장 높은 것으로 파악되었다.