• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1961

The strains of fungus which belong to Coniothyrium genus were isolated from leaf spoot of Yucca. The isolated strain can grow easily and forms characteristic colonies on Saido's soy agar. There are definite differences, according to other authors, (By Miyake et Hara 1911) Pycnidio-spore are usually formed ellipsoidal, dark brown, 4$\times$2. 5-4. $O\mu$ in size, whereas isolated strains are globose, yellowish brown, 2.8-4.2$\mu$ in diameter. The positive inoculation test can be attained by burned petridish method, preserving it in incubator at 28$^{\circ}C$, and the pycnidio-spore can be reisolated from the inoculated portion. (Photo.7) Up to the present day there is no report for leaf spot of Yucca caused by Coniothyrium sp.. Comparing the writer's isolate with those fungi described(leaf spot of alloe, rose canker and elm canker etc.) hitherto, there are no accordance in the symptom and especially in morphological charactgers and Pathogenicitys.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2008

This research studied the effects of music experiences on the language development of toddlers in the day care setting. Subjects were 44(23 experimental group; 21 control group) 29- to 42-month-old children. The experimental group experienced 10 weeks of music activities, including musical sense, singing, listening, playing instruments, improvisation, finger plays, movement, simple games, word-sound music games and music routines. Language development was tested by the Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale(Kim et al. 2003). Significant differences were found in the receptive language development of 30- to 36-month-old and in the expressive language development of 36- to 42-month-old toddlers, respectively.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.30.2-30.2
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• 2021

The extended Lyα nebulae (also known as Lyα blobs or LABs) observed at z=2-6 can provide clues to galaxy formation in the early universe. The connection of LABs with the overdensities of compact Lyα emitters suggests that they are associated with matter density peaks in the universe and thus likely to evolve into the present-day groups and clusters of galaxies. However, the mechanism powering the extended Lyα emission in LABs is remained controversial. The detection of polarization signals that follow the theoretically predicted trend is interpreted as strong evidence supporting that the LABs are caused primarily by the resonance scattering of Lyα originating from star-forming galaxies and AGNs. However, Trebitsch et al. (2016) claimed that the radial profile of polarization could be better explained by the scenario in which Lyα photons are produced in the cooling gas surrounding galaxies and then self-scattered by the gas, rather than by the scattering scenario of photons originating from the central galaxies. In this presentation, using LaRT, a state-of-art Lyα radiative transfer code, it is demonstrated that the observed polarization pattern can be reproduced even with the scattering scenario.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

Objectives : The object of this study was to verify the inhibitory effect of a decoction of Eucommiae ulmides OLIVER (EU) and Dipsacus asperoides C. Y. Cheng et T.M.Ai (DA) on Collagen II-induced Arthritis Mice (CIA mice). Methods : DBA/1OlaHsd mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. Boostnig same collagen 21 days later, arthritis was induced and then administrated orally the extract of EU+DA (200 or 50 mg/kg) once a day for 4 weeks and compared with that of methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/kg) as a positive control. Results : Administration of EU+DA suppressed the inflammatory progression of CIA mice and the results were 1. Arthritis index of CIA mice was decreased. 2. EU+DA decreased the production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$ in the serum of CIA mice. 3. EU+DA decreased the level of IgM. 4. EU+DAincreasaed $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD4^+$/CD25 but decreased $CD19^+$, $CD3^+/CD49b^+$(NKT), $CD3^-/CD49b^+$(NK), $B220^+/CD23^+$ in PBMC of CIA mice. 5. EU+DA decreased $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$ of paw joint in CIA mice. 6. EU+DA decreased subsynovial inflammation. Conclusions : This results demonstrated that extract of EU+DA suppressed the inflammatory progression of CIA mice and supported further studies are required to clarify a mechanism of therapeutic role.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2004

Odontoblasts are responsible for the formation and maintenance of dentin. They are known to synthesize unique gene products including dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Another unique genes of the cells remain unclear. OD314 was isolated from the odontoblasts/pulp cells of rats and partially characterized as an odontoblast-enriched gene (Dey et al., 2001). This study aimed to elucidate the biological function of OD314, relating to odontoblast differentiation and dentinogenesis. After determining the open reading frame (ORP) of OD314 by transient transfection analysis using green fluorescent protein (GPP) expression vector, mRNA in-situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western analysis were performed. The results were as follows: 1. In in-situ hybridization, OD314 mRNAs were expressed in odontoblasts of developing coronal and root pulp. 2. OD314 was a novel protein encoding 154 amino acids, and the protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm by transient transfection analysis. 3. Mineralized nodules were associated with multilayer cell nodules in the culture of human dental pulp cells and first detected from day 21 using alizarin-red S staining. 4. In RT-PCR analysis, OD314, osteocalcin (OC) and DSPP strongly expressed throughout 28 days of culture. Whereas, osteonectin (ON) mRNA expression stayed low up to day 14, and then gradually decreased from day 21. 5. Western blots showed an approximately 17 kDa band. OD314 protein was expressed from the start of culture and then increased greatly from day 21. In conclusion, OD314 is considered as an odontoblast-enriched gene and may play important roles in odontoblast differentiation and dentin mineralization.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 1998

It is well known that the clinical test for responsibility of accurate fertilization capacity in male partners is very important to diagnose and treat the infertility. However, it has been reported that the traditional semen analysis cannot accurately predict fertilization and pregnancy potential. The present study was performed to evaluate the acrosomal reaction to ionophore challenge (ARIC) test as a prognostic indicator for fertilization of sperm and oocyte in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. From March 1996 to Februry 1997, 30 couples undergoing IVF program were allocated to this study group. All female partners in the study group were 35 years old or less and their serum level of basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol $(E_2)$ were normal. All the male partners have normal parameters of semen analysis. The ARIC tests were performed on the day of ovum pick up and in vitro insemination in all the male partners. The controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using luteal long protocol of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist was used in all couples for IVF-ET. The acrosomal reaction with $10{\mu}l$ of 10% DMSO was induced spontaneously in $10.1{\pm}9.8%$, and acrosomal reaction with calcium ionophore A 23187 was induced in $27.4{\pm}18.1%$, and the ARIC value was $17.4{\pm}16.2%$. There were no significant correlation between the ARIC value and the fertilization rate ($r^2$=0.044, p=0.268). There were also no significant correlation between the ARIC value and the percentage of the grade I, II embryos ($r^2$=0.046, p=0.261). On the basis of above results, it was suggested that ARIC test might not be a useful prognostic indicator for fertilization in IVF-ET in male partners with normal parameters of conventional semen analysis. We guessed that IVF-ET could be performed to the patients primarily without universal appilcation of ARIC test to all male partenrs, and if fertilization failure occurs, the micro assisted fertilization (MAF) such as intracytoplsmic sperm injection (ICSI) might be used as an alternative mode of treatment with acceptable success rate.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1973

Though it has been reported by Clements et al. and Avery et al. that the activity of the pulmonary surfactant can be altered by the temperature changes, a conclusive evidence of the effects of temperature on the surfactant system of the lung is yet to come. In the present study, an attempt was made to observe possible effects of a few different degrees of temperature on the activity of the pulmonary surfactant of the rabbit in vivo and in vitro. The rabbit was sacrificed by blood shedding and both lungs were completely removed. The lung washings, obtained by gently lavaging the left lung with saline, was placed at 1) 4C for 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 40 days, and 2) 20C for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days for in vitro experiment. For in vivo experiment, the rabbit was placed at 4C for 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours, and the lung lavage was prepared as described above in the in vitro experiment. Tension-area (T-A) diagram of the lung lavage was recorded automatically by a modified. Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system. The surface tensions thus obtained were compared with those of the normal rabbit, and the results are summarized as follows: 1. The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension and stability index of the normal rabbit lung lavage were $52.5{\pm}2.3\;dynes/cm,\;4.9{\pm}2.3\;dynes/cm$ and 1.65, respectively. 2. In the group where the lung lavage was placed at 4C in vitro, the maximal and minimal surface tensions, and stability index did not show any noticeable changes comparing with the normal values up to 30 days. On the 40th day of the experiment, a tendency of a slight increase in the surface tensions was observed but the change was not significant. 3. When the lung lavage was placed at 20 C in vitro, the maximal surface tension did not show any appreciable change comparing with the normal except on the 7 th day with a slight increase. The minimal surface tension showed an increased value from the 2nd day, and on the 5 th and 7 th experimental day, markedly increased value was observed. The stability index, on the other hand. showed a marked decrease throughout the entire experiment with the value of 0.71 and 0.53 on the 5th and 7 th day, respectively. 4. In the group where the rabbit was placed at 4 C in vivo, the maximal surface tensions and stability index of the lung lavage showed little change from the normal. The minimal surface tension at 12 experimental hour showed a slight increase, but it returned to the normal value at 24 hour.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 1983

The pathogenicity of free-living amoeba, Waegleria fcwleri, is influenced according to the strain, cultural condition and host (Culbertson et at., 1968; Carter, 1970; Wong et at., 1975), Phillips (1973) demonstrated that Entamoeba histolytica became avirulent after more than 2 year maintenance in axonic culture in vitro. This study was carried out to compare the difference in pathogenicity between two strains of N. fowleri, one of a prolonged maintenance in arsenic medium and the other one obtained by serial brain passage in mice. The 0 strain was that N. fowleri had cultivated axenically more than 7 years in CGVS medium. The 2-1 strain was obtained from the brain of mouse inoculated intranasally with a strain, which was from the mouse brain infected with 0 strain, and cultured for 15 weeks until the beginning of this experiment. White male mice weighing 18-22 g were used. Mice were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of about 1 mg secobarbital, and inoculated intranasally with $10{\times}$10^4 live N. fowleri trophoBoites in a $5{\;}{\mu}l$ cell suspension. Sluggish behaviour, nervousness, rotation and leg paralysis were developed earlier and more frequently in the 2-1 experimental group than the control 0 group. Pathological changes such as inflammatory and necrotic lesion were observed in the olfactory and anterior portion of brain, and these changes were more extensive in the 2-1 group. The edematous and inflammatory changes in lung were demonstrated in mice died after 13th day post-inoculation. The experimental mice of 2-1 group began to die suddenly from 7th day post-inoculation, and the survival time in 2-1 group mice was shorter than 0 group mice. The typical primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was developed in the mice inoculated intranasally with N. fowleri. The prolonged maintenance of N. fowleri amoebae in axonic CGVS medium was observed to have lost their original pathogenicity for mice, but their pathogenicity was restored by serial brain passage in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.170-179
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• 1994

Atherosclerosis, a multifactorial disease, is closely related to lipid nutrition , Data from well known epidemiological studies including Seven Country , Framinghsam Study and several intervention trials have confirmed that serum cholesterol is the major risk factor and elevation of LDL-cholesterol level is most undesriable. On the basis of results concurring in that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol increase serum cholesterol while polyunsaturated fat decrease it, changes in serum choesterol level have been predicted by regression equations developed by Keys et al. and other investigators. Effects of individual fatty acids on the level of serum cholesterol have been further differentiated by chain length, cis-trans isomers and n-6 vs n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among them the effect of n-3 fatty acids has been well recogniaed as antiplatelet activity, thus reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis. Role of vitamin E in prevention of atherosclerosis has been evovled from works showing that LDL oxdiation stimulates formation of ateroma and also from epidemiologic studies. Dietary recommendations at present are : (ⅰ) 30 and 10 cal % as upper limit of total and saturated fat intakes, respectively (ⅱ) no more than 300 mg cholesterol/day, (ⅲ) 1-2 g of n-3 fatty acid/day and (ⅳ) some increase RDA of vitamin E which is 8-10 TE.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 1990

At infertility clinic, department of Obstetrics and Gynegology, Kyung Hee Medical Hospital, 80 patients who underwent IVF-ET from January to July, 1989 were evaluated for the prediction of endogenous LH Surge and its effects on outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were compared among LH Surge group without hCG given (N=18), with hCG given (N=5), and no-LH Surge group with hCG given (N=57). LH Surge were occurred in 23(28.7%) out of 80 patients studied. Serum E2 levels on Day-1, Day 0, Day+1, were no significant different among three groups. When basal serum LH/FSH ratio is above 1.0, the possibility of endogenous LH Surge is much higher (56.3% in LH Surge group without hCG given). Serum P4 levels on Day 0 were significantly increased in LH Surge group without hCG given. Cycles which serum P4 level is higher than l.0ng/ml were 70.6% of LH Surge group without hCG given. But there was no significant interrelationship between endogenous LH Surge and serum P4 rising rate as an efficient predictor of the occurrence of endogenous LH Surge in COH for IVF. There was no significant differences in number of follicles, follicular size on Day-1, Day 0, Day+1, and number of oocyte collected per cycle. The oocyte fertilization rate of No-LH surge group with hCG given was significantly higher than LH Surge group without hCG given. There was no significant difference in oocyte cleavage rate among three groups.