• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.262-270
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• 2016

Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leads to right ventricular failure (RVF) as well as an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Our purpose was to study the effect of sildenafil on right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced RVF. Methods: The rats were distributed randomly into 3 groups. The control (C) group, the monocrotaline (M) group (MCT 60 mg/kg) and the sildenafil (S) group (MCT 60 mg/kg+ sildenafil 30 mg/kg/day for 28 days). Masson Trichrome staining was used for heart tissues. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results: The mean right ventricular pressure (RVP) was significantly lower in the S group at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The number of intra-acinar arteries and the medial wall thickness of the pulmonary arterioles significantly lessened in the S group at week 4. The collagen content also decreased in heart tissues in the S group at week 4. Protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X, caspase-3, Bcl-2, interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin (ET)-1 and ET receptor A (ERA) in lung tissues greatly decreased in the S group at week 4 according to immunohistochemical staining. According to Western blotting, protein expression levels of troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide, caspase-3, Bcl-2, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, IL-6, MMP-2, eNOS, ET-1, and ERA in heart tissues greatly diminished in the S group at week 4. Conclusion: Sildenafil alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy and mean RVP. These data suggest that sildenafil improves right ventricular function.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 1995

목단피의 mouse 복수암에 대한 항암성을 다른 생약제의 항암성과 비교하여 연구하였다. 천연생약제(목단피, 주목, 울금, 인경쓱, 여정실, 맥문동) methanol 추출물을 hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH)로 fractionation하여 mouse leukemia L1210 cell과 Sarcoma 180 (S-180) cell에 강한 독성을 나타낸 fraction에 대해 mouse 복수암 억제실험을 실시하였다. 복수형 종양세포 S-180을 ICR mouse (male, $6{\sim}7$주령, $23g{\pm}3g$, 처리당 7마리)의 복부에 주사 ($1{\times}10^{6}$ cells/0.1 ml PBS)한 1일 후 부터 10% DMSO에 용해한 시료 ($30{\mu}g/g$ body weight)를 매일 0.1ml씩 10일간 주사하고 수명연장 효과와 몸무게의 변화를 조사하였다. 처리 fraction 중에서 목단피의 EtOAc fraction이 가장 강한 항암성을 보였는데, 수명연장에서는 대조구의 17.2일 (100%)에 비하여 28.7일로서 167%로 연장되었으며, 체중 증가율도 대조구보다 낮았다 (p<0.05). 목단피의 농도별 (5, 10, 30, $60{\mu}g/g$ body weight) 항암효과는 $30{\mu}g$에서 가장 높았고, $60{\mu}g$처리구 에서는 독성이 나타났다. 목단피의 EtOAc fraction으로부터 GC-MS에 의해 잠정적으로 동정된 2-methoxyphenol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 8-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pteridinedione, 2,5-furandicarboxylic dimethyl ester 가 mouse 복수암 억제에 관련이 있는 주요 화합물로 추정된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the pregnancy rate (PR) according to the state of the ovaries and uterus, according to the number of embryos transferred from cows and heifers and to investigate the method of artificial twin induction with Hanwoo in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos by embryo transfer (ET). Looking at the PR according to the condition of the ovaries and uterus, the result was not influenced by the condition of the ovaries, but was significantly influenced by the state of the uterus. The PR according to the number of embryos transferred from cows was 36.8%, 53.0%, 50.5% for 1, 2, and 3 embryos, respectively and although there was a higher frequency of twin calves with 3 embryos than 2, the calving rate was the highest with 2 embryos. In case of heifers, the transfer of 1 embryo showed the best pregnancy and calving rate, and although the PR was similar with 2 embryos (67.7 versus 66.4), in case of 2 embryos transferred there was high frequency of embryonic loss (6.1%) occurred when a cow was diagnosed at 28 and 53 d after ET, total loss (21.3%); sum of fetal death, abortion and stillbirth after pregnant diagnosis at 60 day.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2002

Objective: To evaluate whether co-culture of oocytes on vero cell monolayers from Day 0 (Day 0 group) after egg retrieval results in an increase in developmental capacity such as fertilization rate, embryo quality, blastulation and clinical pregnancy rate compared with co-culture of oocytes from Day 1 (Day 1 group). Methods: Sperms were treated with Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% human follicular fluid (hFF). Vero cells for co-culture were prepared in TCM-199 with 10% FBS. Oocytes were co-cultured from Day 0 and fertilized oocytes were co-cultured from Day 1 on vero cell monolayers in DMEM with 10% and 20% hFF, respectively after egg retrieval. On day 1, 2 and 5, fertilization rate and grade of embryos and blastocysts were evaluated. Results (fertilization rate, cleavage rate, grade of embryos and blastocysts and pregnancy rate) were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05 using t-test and $x^2$. Results: In sibling oocytes of same cycles, no differences were found in fertilization rate (94.6 vs. 91.4%), cleavage rates (94.6 vs. 91.4%), embryo grade (on day 2 and 3) and blastulation (65.6 vs. 57.0%) and their grade. In different oocytes of different cycles (patients), no differences were found in fertilization (79.8 vs. 78.3%), cleavage rates (77.7 vs. 76.4%) and blastulation (56.0 vs. 45.3%), but pregnancy rate was higher in the Day 0 group than in the Day 1 group (60.0 vs. 42.9%). Conclusions: This study revealed that the embryonic development capacities were not affected by the different co-culture time in the sibling oocytes of same cycles. Although no statistical significance, because of small size of study, there was a trend for higher pregnancy rates in Day 0 group compared to Day 1 group in different oocytes of different cycles.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.361-368
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• 1997

A total of 55 patients with various etiologies of infertility particitated in a study comparing two regimens of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with GnRH agonists and gonadotropins. Nineteen patients were given an ultra-short stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered for 3 day from Day 2 of the cycle. The remaining 36 patients were given a long stimulation protocol when the agonist was administered from the mid-luteal phase of the cycle preceding the stimulation cycle. The mean number of gonadotropins used per patient was not different between two groups. No significant differences were found in the mean number of oocytes recovered, fertilization rate and embryo cleavage rate between two groups. Pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in ultra-short protocol than in long protocol, but these were not significant. These results suggest that an ultra-short protocol is as effective as a long protocol in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

Objective: The objective of this study is to influence of sequential embryo transfers in an invitro fertilization was examined. Method: After in vitro fertilization, a maximum of 6 fertilized oocytes was enrolled in this study. At day 3 after an oocytes retrieval, embryos with good quality were transferred (mean 4.9), remaining embryos (mean 2.0/cycle) were cryopreserved at blastocyst stage (Group 1). At day 5 after oocytes collection, second a embryo transfer (mean 1.2/cycle) was performed, if one of these embryos had reached the blastocyst stage (Group 2) using P1 supplemented with 10 SSS and 30% Follicular fluid. No statistical difference in the pregnancy rate could be seen between the group without a second embryo transfer (n=21; 28.6%) and the group with a second transfer (n=52; 28.8%). Results: The incidence of multiple pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was not statistically different between both group and no high-rank multiple pregnancy (greater than triplete) were observed (0.9%, 15.4%, respectively, p=0.74, ${\chi}^2$). Out of 114 cycles (506 embryos) cultured embryos in group 2, 52 cycles (159 embryos, 29.8%) reached the blastocyst stage. Conclusion: The second transfer did not have a significant effect on the pregnancy rate. The most important factor for the pregnancy seems to be the quality of the embryos transferred on day 3 following oocyte retrieval. We recommend embryo transfer is performed only one, day $2{\sim}3$ or D5.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this experiment is to compare the pregnancy rate (PR) according to the state of the ovaries and uterus, according to the number of embryos transferred from cows and heifers and to investigate the method of artificial twin induction with Hanwoo $in$ $vitro$ fertilized (IVF) embryos by embryo transfer (ET). Looking at the PR according to the condition of the ovaries and uterus, the result was not influenced by the condition of the ovaries, but was significantly influenced by the state of the uterus. The PR according to the number of embryos transferred from cows was 36.8%, 53.0%, 50.5% for 1, 2, and 3 embryos respectively, and although there was a higher frequency of twin calves with 3 embryos than with 2, the calving rate was the highest with 2 embryos. In case of heifers, the transfer of 1 embryo showed the best pregnancy and calving rate, and although the PR was similar with 2 embryos (67.7 versus 66.4), in case of 2 embryos transferred there was high frequency of embryonic loss( 6.1%) occurred when a cow was diagnosed at 28 and 53 d after ET, total loss (21.3%; sum of fetal death, abortion and stillbirth after pregnant diagnosis at 60 day).

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.75.1-75.1
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• 2010

The nature and origin of the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) are an outstanding problem of cosmology, yet they are not well understood. Measuring Faraday rotation (RM) is one of a few promising methods to explore the IGMF. We have theoretically investigated RM using a model of the IGMF based on a MHD turbulence dynamo (Ryu et al. 2008; Cho et al. 2009). In the previous KAS meeting, we reported the results for the present-day local universe; for instance, the probability distribution function (PDF) of ${\mid}RM{\mid}$ follows the lognormal distribution, the root mean square (rms) value for filaments is ~1 rad m^{-2}, and the power spectrum peaks at ~1 h^{-1} Mpc scale. In this talk, we extend our study of RM; by stacking simulation data up to redshift z=5 and taking account of the redshift distribution of radio sources, we have reproduced an observable view of RM through filaments against background radio sources. Our findings are as follows. The inducement of RM is a random walk process, so that the rms of RM increases with increasing path length. The rms value of RM for filaments reaches several rad m^{-2}. The PDF still follows the lognormal distribution, and the power spectrum of RM peaks at less than degree scale. Our predictions of RM could be tested, for instance, with LOFAR, ASKAP, MEERKAT, and SKA.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.966-970
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• 2010

본 연구의 대상지인 인천광역시, 부천시, 서울특별시, 김포시를 걸쳐서 흐르는 굴포천은 산업화와 도시화로 인한 생활하수 및 공장폐수의 유입, 느린 유속과 하천 복개 등과 같은 유입오염원과 하천 구조적 문제로 인하여 수질이 악화되어 왔다. 특히 하천변의 소규모 영세 공장, 중 상류에 형성된 대규모 공업단지, 지역개발에 따른 인구증가로 인한 생활하수 등은 굴포천의 주 오염원이다. 또한 직강화된 하도와 느린 유속 등 하천의 구조적인 문제점 등은 하천의 자정능력을 저하시키고 있어 현재 굴포천의 수질수준은 전국 최하위에 머물러 있다. 더욱이 입자상 오염물질의 퇴적으로 인하여 굴포천의 하상은 대부분 퇴적오니가 형성되어 있다. 이러한 퇴적오니는 다량의 유기 물질 및 중금속 등을 흡착하고 있고, 재용출에 의한 내부오염 가능성을 내포하고 있기 때문에 오염원이 제거된 후에도 계속적인 수질오염을 일으킬 수 있다(Alloway et al, 1988). 따라서 본 연구에서는 굴포천 본류 전 구간 및 유입지천에 대하여 수질 오염도와 오염부하량을 산정하였으며, 본류 하상 퇴적물의 오염도 및 퇴적물의 용출특성에 관한 조사를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 굴포천 본류 구간을 최상류(GP-1)부터 최하류(GP-7)구간까지 총 7개 구간으로 구분하여 실시하였으며 각 지점별 수질 및 퇴적물 오염도를 조사하였다. 또한 3개의 유입지천에 대하여 수질 오염도 및 오염부하량을 산정하였다. 굴포천 하상의 경우 최상류의 GP-1지점을 제외하고는 전 구간이 대부분 오염된 오니가 퇴적되어 있으며, 이러한 퇴적오니의 퇴적물 오염도를 분석해본 결과 상류부인 GP-1, GP-2와 유속이 비교적 빠른 GP-7지점에 비하여 나머지 지점들의 오염도가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 하상퇴적물의 영양염류 용출특성을 알아보기 위하여 호기 및 혐기조건에서 용출실험을 실시한 결과 호기와 혐기 조건에서 T-N은 각각 34.84 $mg/m^2/day$, 66.93 $mg/m^2/day$의 용출속도를 보였고, T-P의 경우 호기 조건 시 5.33 $mg/m^2/day$, 혐기 조건 시 6.84 $mg/m^2/day$의 용출속도를 보임으로서 퇴적물 용출에 의한 내부오염의 가능성이 있음을 보였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 1996

Serum inhibin concentrations, determimed by radioimmunoassay, were measured in women undergoing pituitary suppression with Decapeptyl and subsequently ovarian stimulation with Highly Purified-Metrodin(HP-FSH) to appraise follicular development. Early follicular basal serum inhibin level correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved(r=0.89, n=8, p<0.05). The number of oocytes retrieved showed a significant correlation with serum inhibin level on the day of hCG administration(r=0.73, n=8, p<0.05). The number of mature oocytes showed a significant correlation with serum inhibin level on the day of hCG administration(r=0.73, n=8, p<0.05). These data suggest that: (1) In the early follicular phase, basal serum inhibin may be a valid index to predict ensuing follicular growth : (2) In the preovulatory phase, maximum serum inhibin may be one of the indexes of follicular development during hyperstimulation cycles.