• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

The Ecosystem Conservation Levy (formerly known as the Ecosystem Conservation Cooperation Fund) system has been in place for 20 years, and it can be said that it has now entered the settlement stage. Based on an analysis of publicly available project implementation data from 2014 to 2020, we found that: 1) As the number of return projects increases, the targets of restoration technologies are also strengthening, and it is necessary to frame a series of processes from application, creation, and monitoring for some detailed projects to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of utilizing the levy. 2) Most of the implemented projects are applied as micro-ecosystem creation, but there are many cases where the contents of the project can be seen as other project categories. This shows that the purpose of the return project needs to be approached more clearly and suggests that institutional complementation is needed from the project application stage. 3) The detailed technologies applied tend to be gradually expanding, but most of them are technologies that are not differentiated from general development projects. It is urgent to secure a more technical identity, such as a range and list of utilized technologies suitable for the characteristics and purposes of return projects. 4) It is necessary to establish a relevant evaluation system or framework to utilize the monitoring results of restoration projects. 5) There have been few cases of application of single restoration technologies since the beginning, but the content and scope of the complexity tend to expand in recent years. Even if the objectives are not comprehensive and diverse, it can be seen that many parts of the projects are oriented toward convergence, so it is necessary to conduct separate research on this. 6) As for the direction of improvement of the return project, it is possible to consider expanding the restoration and conservation focus to partially accommodate the complexity of the natural environment and human ecology. It seems that the expansion of restoration technologies that consider the role and function of humans in the natural environment should be explored.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.207-228
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• 2023

After COVID-19, organizations have widely adopted platforms such as zoom or developed their proprietary online real-time systems for remote work, with recent forays into incorporating the metaverse for meetings and publicity. While ongoing studies investigate the impact of avatar customization, expansive virtual environments, and past virtual experiences on participant satisfaction within virtual reality or metaverse settings, the utilization of the metaverse as a dedicated workspace is still an evolving area. There exists a notable gap in research concerning the factors influencing the performance of the metaverse as a workspace, particularly in non-immersive work-type metaverses. Unlike studies focusing on immersive virtual reality or metaverses emphasizing immersion and presence, the majority of contemporary work-oriented metaverses tend to be non-immersive. As such, understanding the factors that contribute to the success of these existing non-immersive metaverses becomes crucial. Hence, this paper aims to empirically analyze the factors impacting personal outcomes in the non-immersive metaverse workspace and derive implications from the results. To achieve this, the study adopts the Embodied Social Presence (ESP) model as a theoretical foundation, modifying and proposing a research model tailored to the non-immersive metaverse workspace. The findings validate that the impact of presence on task engagement and task involvement exhibits a moderating effect based on the metaverse platform used. Following interviews with participants engaged in non-immersive metaverse workplaces (specifically Gather Town and Ifland), a survey was conducted to gather comprehensive insights.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.592-608
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• 2007

This study explored the types of conceptual change of 'force' within middle school students' conceptual ecologies. This qualitative study was implemented with the use of classroom observations and two interviews with the participants. 11 middle school students (7 females and 4 males) joined in this study. The interviews with the participants were conducted individually before and after the 'force' unit. The collected data were all transcribed and analyzed interpretively. The results of this study consisted of two parts. First, the participants' conceptual ecologies of 'force' were categorized into 4: epistemological commitments (fixed or interactional explanatory consistency), analogy (attribute, working), metaphysical beliefs (people-oriented ontology, animism, causationism, mixed), and past experiences. Second, two representative cases including 'stable' and 'transitional' states were explained based on the interactions within their own conceptual ecologies. We can see students' conceptions with the integrated perspective in the sense that this results tried to get contextual and interactional understandings of the status of the conception and the possibilities of conceptual change. In addition, it implied that conceptual change research should have the perspective of conceptual ecology evolution in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.181-196
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• 2024

This study examines the impact of university graduate Startup rates on economic growth in the regions where universities are located, using panel data from 35 universities in 17 regions in Korea and 21 universities in 13 cities in China over a six-year period from 2016 to 2021. In Korea, a total of 35 universities were selected as part of the Ministry of Education's "University-initiated Startup" policy, including Startup-oriented universities, leading universities in Startup education innovation, Startup education bases, and excellent universities in Startup education, while in China, 21 universities were selected as part of the pilot bases established as part of the "Mass Entrepreneurship, Mass Innovation" policy. To analyze the economic impact of the universities on the regions where they are located, we aimed to conduct an empirical analysis of the economic impact using economic indicators of the economic growth rate of the regions where they are located. The results of the empirical analysis show that the Startup rate of university graduates in Korea and China both have a positive impact on the regional economic growth rate, but the Startup rate of local university graduates in Korea has a greater impact on the regional economy than in China. Based on the findings that the number of entrepreneurs produced by universities has a positive impact on the economic growth of their regions, this study draws implications for the role of universities and regions in revitalizing local economies and the establishment of systems to resolve the imbalance between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.3-38
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• 2024

Hallucination is a significant barrier to the utilization of large-scale language models or multimodal models. In this study, we collected 654 computer science papers with "hallucination" in the abstract from arXiv from December 2022 to January 2024 following the advent of Chat GPT and conducted frequency analysis, knowledge network analysis, and literature review to explore the latest trends in hallucination research. The results showed that research in the fields of "Computation and Language," "Artificial Intelligence," "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition," and "Machine Learning" were active. We then analyzed the research trends in the four major fields by focusing on the main authors and dividing them into data, hallucination detection, and hallucination mitigation. The main research trends included hallucination mitigation through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), inference enhancement via "chain of thought" (CoT), and growing interest in hallucination mitigation within the domain of multimodal AI. This study provides insights into the latest developments in hallucination research through a technology-oriented literature review. This study is expected to help subsequent research in both engineering and humanities and social sciences fields by understanding the latest trends in hallucination research.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 2024

Hue, value, and chroma are the fundamental colour components used in colour property research to identify colour in the digital media environment. In the Munsell colour system, which is based on the characteristics of visual perception, the basic properties are classified into hue, value, and chroma. The methods for recording these three properties can be divided into the colour appearance system and the colour mixing system: in the former, they are documented based on a colour chart that focuses on visual perception, and in the latter, accurate numerical records are kept without concern for discolouration. Colour terminology is crucial for conveying and expressing colours, and colours can be classified and defined according to the combination of hue, value, and chroma. With the development of various media, it has become possible to represent a range of colours previously unachievable, necessitating basic research into the characteristics of colour perception by further subdividing digital-oriented colour studies. In this study, we conducted psychophysical experiments to identify and analyse the categories of value and chroma needed to recognise each colour among the ten representative colours of the Munsell colour system, based on visual perception on a display. This study analyses the results of these experiments, defines their significance as foundational research data on colour perception characteristics, and suggests directions for future research.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.643-650
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• 2024

Currently, South Korea is grappling with a paradoxical situation characterized by simultaneous labor shortages and job shortages. Within this context, retirees are citing conflicts with supervisors/colleagues and dissatisfaction with organizational culture as the primary reasons for their departure, with these issues disproportionately affecting the MZ generation. In response, scholars have conducted preliminary studies to understand the relationships between organizational culture and other variables specifically concerning the MZ generation. However, most of these studies are based on a unified theory of the MZ generation, failing to satisfy the practical demands for distinguishing between Generations M and Z. Therefore, this research aims to explore the differences in variable relationships between these two groups within the hospitality industry. Surveys were conducted among 170 individuals from Generation M and 110 from Generation Z, and the data were analyzed using AMOS structural equation modeling. The analysis confirmed that both hierarchical culture and generational conflict significantly define relationships across all generations, with generational conflict adversely affecting organizational commitment. Additionally, while a relationship-oriented culture negatively impacts generational conflict for Generation M, no such effect was observed for Generation Z. This study successfully identifies the differential impacts between Generation M and Generation Z.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.683-696
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• 2023

The conservation of wetland ecosystems has a significant role in climate change. Notably, the Han River Protected Area, including the Siam-ri wetland and Janghang wetland, provides high biodiversity value. Thus, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the function and value of wetland ecosystems. This study evaluated the ecosystem services of Siam-ri and Janghang Wetlands located in the Han River Protected Area using the Rapid Assessment Wetland Ecosystem Services approach, a function-oriented ecosystem analysis. The results were calculated using the Ecosystem Services Index formula to analyze wetland ecosystem services. We also assessed the key ecosystem services based on a focus group interview. We identified that the supporting and cultural services index scores were relatively high in the study area. The results can provide helpful information for sustainable wetland conservation, conservation planning as primary data, and raising awareness for the Han River Protected Area.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.157-169
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• 2024

The article presents an analysis of innovative teaching technologies as a way to increase students' competitiveness. The author found that innovative technologies in education are information and communication technologies relying on computer-based learning. The structure, content of educational software, organization of Web-space are important when using innovative teaching technologies in English classes. We conducted the study in several stages: comparative analysis, synthesis, classification and systematization of the results of psychological and pedagogical, educational and methodological research; study of legislative acts, periodicals in order to identify the state of the research issue, and determining the directions of its solution, as well as subject, goal and objectives of the study. We used modelling to create situations of foreign language professional communication of future IT specialists. Empirical methods involved questionnaires used for identifying the motives of professional development and determining the features of the educational activities of future IT specialists in the process of training. The methods of mathematical statistics allowed to scientifically describe and systematize the obtained data, to identify the quantitative relationship between the studied phenomena, to analyse and summarize the results. We conducted a socio-psychological study during 2016 - 2019. It involved 255 first- and fourth-year students of National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly-technic Institute." Innovative information and communication technologies that improve the educational and cognitive activity of students, as well as increase the level of their knowledge have become important in teaching a foreign language in higher educational institutions. These technologies include MOODLE - Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment, business game, integrated pedagogical technology, case study technology. Thus, the information-rich learning process in combination with the use of innovative technologies, well-organized e-learning, interactive training courses, multimedia tools improves the program of teaching and learning foreign languages in general, and English in particular, improves the level of knowledge of future IT specialists and motivation to study and learn foreign languages, allows students to use a variety of authentic materials. We state that all these factors influence the process of individualization of learning and contribute to the successful mastery of a foreign language.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.212-220
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of alveolar bone at mandibular first molar (MFM) and their implications for immediate implant placement surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 100 patients with 140 MFMs were reviewed retrospectively. We first performed a 3D reconstruction of the patient's CBCT data to determine a reference plane with ideal implant placement and orientation. The following parameters of MFM region were analyzed: mesial-distal socket size (MDSS), buccal-lingual socket size (BL-SS), root furcation fornix to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) distance (RF-I), interradicular bone thickness (IRB), mesial/distal root apex to the IAN distance (MRA-I/DRA-I), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the mesial root (MR-B/MR-L), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the distal root (DR-B/DR-L). RESULTS. The MD-SS of MFM was 8.74 ± 0.76 mm, and the BLSS was 8.26 ± 0.72 mm. The MR-B, DR-B was 1.01 ± 0.40 mm and 1.14 ± 0.50 mm, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .001). The values of the MR-L, DR-L were 2.71 ± 0.78 mm and 3.09 ± 0.73 mm, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < .001). The mean distance of RF-I was 15.68 ± 2.13 mm, and the MRA-I was 7.06 ± 2.22 mm, which was greater than that of DRA-I (6.48 ± 2.30 mm, P < .001). The IRB at 2 mm, 4 mm apical from the furcation fornix, and at apex level was 2.81 ± 0.50 mm, 3.30 ± 0.62 mm, and 4.44 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION. There is relatively sufficient bone mass in interradicular bone in height, but an adequate width is lacking for the bone between the mesial and distal root after the extraction of the MFM for immediate implantation. The thickness of the MFM buccal bone is relative thin, especially for the mesial root.