• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.304-312
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: International students face dissimilar food environments, which could lead to changes in dietary behaviors and anthropometric characteristics between before and after migration. We sought to examine the risk factors, including dietary behaviors, acculturation, and demographic characteristics, related to overweight subjects residing in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study, collecting data from 142 Chinese international students (63 males, 79 females) in 2013. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 25.4 years, and almost half of them immigrated to South Korea to earn a master's degree or doctoral degree (n = 70, 49.3%). Chinese international students showed an increase in skipping meals and eating speed, but a decrease in the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in South Korea compared to when they lived in China. We found a statistically significant increase in weight (69.4 ${\rightarrow}$ 73.9 kg) and BMI (22.4 ${\rightarrow}$ $23.8kg/m^2$) for male subjects (P < 0.001) but no change for female subjects. We also found that overweight subjects were more likely to be highly acculturated and male compared with normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSION: Among Chinese international students living in South Korea, male and more highly acculturated subjects are more vulnerable to weight gain. This study provides useful information to design tailored nutrition intervention programs for Chinese international students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.116-127
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• 2011

This paper proposes interactive game elements for children : contents, design, sound, gesture recognition, and speech recognition. Interactive games for early children must use the contents which reflect the educational needs and the design elements which are all bright, friendly, and simple to use. Also the games should consider the background music which is familiar with children and the narration which make easy to play the games. In gesture recognition and speech recognition, the interactive games must use gesture and voice data which hits to the age of the game user. Also, this paper introduces the development process for the interactive skipping game and applies the child-oriented contents, gestures, and voices to the game.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.523-541
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• 2011

In current IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, every unicast transmission requires an ACK from the receiver for reliability, though it consumes energy and bandwidth. There have been studies to remove or reduce ACK overhead, especially for energy efficiency. However none of them are practically used now. This paper introduces a noble method of selective unacknowledged transmission, where skipping an ACK is dynamically decided frame by frame. Utilizing the fact that a multicast frame is transmitted without accompanying an ACK in 802.11, the basic unacknowledged transmission is achieved simply by transforming the destination address of a frame to a multicast address. Since removing ACK is inherently more efficient but less strict, its practical profit is dependent on traffic characteristics of a frame as well as network error conditions. To figure out the selective conditions, energy and performance implications of unacknowledged transmission have been explored. Extensive experiments show that energy consumption is almost always reduced, but performance may be dropped especially when TCP exchanges long data with a long distance node through a poor wireless link. An experiment with a well-known traffic model shows that selective unacknowledged transmission gives energy saving with comparable performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.172-185
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the information concerning dietary patterns and analysis of the various factors that influence obesity. The subjects of this study were 1,020 middle and high school students in Seoul. Subjects were classified into under weight, normal weight and over weight group by body mass index. We investigated eating habits, life habits, food behavior and food consumption. Data were collected by questionnair and analysed with the SAS program. The results of this study way are summarized and concluded as fellows; In the case of dietary pattern, over weight group showed significantly higher in skipping a meal than the other group. Also over weight group tend to eat fast. There were significant differences of food intake frequency score by body mass index. From the results of factor analysis of variable related to obesity, 4 factors were generated and the factors were named 'Food behavior related to obesity', 'Snack consumption pattern', 'Life habit', 'Family environment related to food habit'. These factors were associated with obesity. To maintain nutritional balance and health, we should implement to ensure good dietary patterns.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.722-728
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary patterns, dietary behaviors and life styles before and after breast cancer surgery in Korea. The subjects were 220 females who underwent surgery for stage I-III breast cancer at general hospitals. Food intake, eating habits, snacks, eating-out, use of nutritional supplements and healthy foods, and drinking and smoking habits were studied using a questionnaire. SAS program was used for statistical analysis of the data. The results are as follows : 1) Most subjects were housewives aged more than 40 years. 2) After breast cancer surgery, intakes of fruits and vegetables were increased and those of meat, salty and spicy foods were decreased. 3) There was a significant difference in takes of caffeine beverages, snacks, fast foods and instant foods before and after breast cancer surgery. 4) There was a significant difference in meal regularity and skipping breakfast before and after breast cancer surgery. 5) The frequency of eating-out was decreased and low-fat foods, such as Japanese foods, were preferred after breast cancer surgery. 6) Nutritional supplements and natural healthy foods were used more after breast cancer surgery. 7) Most subjects were non-smokers and drank little alcohol and the rate of regular drinking significantly decreased after breast cancer surgery. Therefore, there was a significant difference in dietary patterns and behaviors resulting form breast cancer. Further more, dietary factors may be a contributing factor in the incidence at breast cancer in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the changes in dietary practices, reasons for making dietary changes, current food consumption patterns, and eating habits. Data were collected from 515 parents whose children were attending an elementary school and a middle school in Kimcheon. Among the twenty food groups studied, subjects reported eating more fruit, vegetables, lower-fat meats, high-fat meats, reduced/skim milk, and eggs and less sugar, fats, rice, salt, potato/sweet potato, and chicken. The changes in dietary practices except high-fat meats and salt were significantly different between sex, age, education level, income level, or BMI groups. The primary reason for making dietary changes was 'concerned about family's health'. The average rate of never eating breakfast or less than 2 times per week was found to be 23.2% with a greater rate in younger age group. The rate of breakfast skipping was found to vary between different age and education groups. The regularity of mealtime and overeating practices were significantly different between age groups. Eating out practices were found to vary between different age, education, and income groups. People at younger age group in Kimcheon should be targeted for nutrition education about eating habits. These findings are applicable at the planning and implementation stages of various nutritional improvement projects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.471-481
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary quality of food consumed away from home among Korean children and adolescents. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2010~2012 KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and included 3,583 subjects aged 7 to 18 years old. The frequency of food consumed away from home was dichotomized into more than once or less than once per day. Results: Thirty percent of subjects were shown to consume food away from home more than once per day, and older children from higher income households showed a higher frequency of food consumed away from home compared to other children. The percentage of children and adolescents cited as regularly skipping breakfast was 19%. Individuals who ate out more than once per day showed higher consumption of energy and sodium than those who ate out less than once per day. Conclusion: Excessive intakes of energy and sodium are associated with obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity-related diseases. Thus, there is a need for nutritional intervention and educational efforts to improve child nutrition and prevent obesity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2016

Purpose : Cardiovascular disease is major factor of mortality in worldwide. Previous studies shown that the socioeconomic factors, nutrition factors, health behavior factors, biological factors and co-morbidity are increasing a prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Method : This study examined the risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults aged 30 years and older using the data from the 2012 to 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The study participants were 7,555 Cardiovascular disease includes hypertension, stroke, angina pactoris, and myocardial infarction. Descriptive statistic and multivariates logistic regression were calculated. Result : The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 31.16% in the participants. Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with gender, age, income, education, marital status as socioeconomic factors in unadjusted model. After adjusting socioeconomic status variables, past smoker (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05-1.55), obesity (OR 7.14, 95% CI 4.21-12.11), skipping a meal (OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.46-3.16), HDL-C (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-0.99) and WC (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.05-1.07) were associated with cardiovascular disease. Conclusion : The results marked the importance of finding high risk groups and an early management of cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2018

The Breakfast Club of the Seoul Metropolitan Government aims to provide breakfast and nutrition education to students who require need breakfast. This study was conducted to explore the experience of changes at the individual and environmental levels among high-school participants of the Breakfast Club. The qualitative data were collected from 20 high school students (10 boys and 10 girls) via a focus group interview at each school. Experienced improvement and suggested future tasks from the experience of the Breakfast Club were categorized at three levels (themes): personal factors, school environmental factors, and home environmental factors. The health belief, knowledege, awareness, and perception of effects of the participants showed improvement but the personal barriers need to be improved. At the school level, peer influence and school food policies were improved but some aspects of availability and accessibility for breakfast, and social norms need to be improved. The factors related to the home environment, such as family influence, and availability and accessibility for breakfast were better after the program. The Breakfast Club changed not only personal behaviors but also the family and school environments.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to compare dietary patterns (missed meals, eating instant foods, skipping fruits/vegetables) between general and multicultural adolescents in Korea. Methods: Data from the 9th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2013) were used, and analysis was done for the 66,951 youth using SPSS 18.0. Results: The rate of lunch absence accounted for 7.3% in general adolescents and 8.3% in multicultural family adolescents. However, the response of breakfast absence for a week was higher than the rate of the absence of lunch and dinner. For eating instant foods at least more than once a week, there was a significant difference for carbonated drinks, snacks, ramen and fast food in multicultural adolescents. More multicultural adolescents also noted "never ate fruits and vegetable within the recent week." Conclusion: For the healthy diet of adolescents, more careful observation and nursing education should be implemented. Furthermore, parents should also be included in the education altogether.