• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: An analysis of the infrastructure for radiotherapy in Korea was performed to establish a baseline plan in 2006 for future development. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: The data were obtained from 61 radiotherapy centers. The survey covered the number of radiotherapy centers, major equipment and personnel. Centers were classified into technical level groups according to the IAEA criteria. $\underline{Results}$: 28,789 new patients were treated with radiation therapy in 2004. There were 104 megavoltage devices in 61 institutions, which included 96 linear accelerators, two Cobalt 60 units, three Tomotherapy units, two Cyberknife units and one proton accelerator in 2006. Thirty-five high dose rate remote after-loading systems and 20 CT-simulators were surveyed. Personnel included 132 radiation oncologists, 50 radiation oncology residents, 64 medical physicists, 130 nurses and 369 radiation therapy technologists. All of the facilities employed treatment-planning computers and simulators, among these thirty-two percent (20 facilities) used a CT-simulator. Sixty-six percent (40 facilities) used a PET/CT scanner, and 35% (22 facilities) had the capacity to implement intensity modulated radiation therapy. Twenty-five facilities (41%) were included in technical level 3 group (having one of intensity modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy or intra-operative radiotherapy system). $\underline{Conclusion}$: Radiation oncology in Korea evolved greatly in both quality and quantity recently and demand for radiotherapy in Korea is increasing steadily. The information in this analysis represents important data to develop the future planning of equipment and human resources.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

Providing adequate amount of spatial impression for spaciousness) has been known to be one of the most important design considerations for the good acoustics of rooms for music. and the measurement, of room acoustics using parameters. such as LEF and IACC, forms an essential part of such evaluation. However. it is unavoidable to use different transducers (figure of eight microphones. head and torso) for the measurement of each parameter and it tends to make the measurement procedure complicated. The Present work tried to provide a simpler way to measure these binaural room acoustic parameters including monaural ones with a single measurement system using both spatial information collected through a 5-channel microphone and a trained neural network. A computer simulation program, CATT-Acoustic V7.2. which allowed us to obtain exactly the same spatial information as a 5-channel microphone was used. since it requires quite a large amount of data for practical training of a neural network. Since each reflection has different energy. delay and direction, energy should be integrated properly. the concept of ray tracing method was applied inversely in this work. Also applying weightings according to the delay times was considered in this work. Finally, predicted results were compared with the measured data md their correlations were analyzed and discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breast self-examination teaching methods which are printed material, videotape, demonstration used BSE model on women. The subjects for this study were non-medical professional 88 women in Kwangju. The data was collected from October 16 to November 24, 1995 by means of a structured questionnaire. For measuring BSE knowledge, Kim's(1994) instrument was used ard modified by researcher. For measuring BSE attitude based on health belief, Lee's(1982) & Kim's(1994) instrument was used and modified by researcher. Printed material from literature were reviewed by researcher, 'A woman's guide to breast self-examination' videotape by Nurse Practitioner Creation and BSE simulator by Narco were used 21 attitude scale and 13 knowledge scale were checked before and after teaching methods. The data was analyzed by frequency, paired t-test, ANOVA using the SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. The BSE total knowledge score after having teaching was higher than before, different significantly(t=-14.05, p=0.000). The most effective teaching method on BSE knowledge change was demonstration used BSE model in three teaching methods and was different significantly(F=8.44, p=0.000). 2. The BSE total attitude score after having teaching was changed to more positively, different significantly(t=4.59, p=0.000). The most effective teaching method on positive BSE attitude change was demonstration used BSE model in three teaching methods and was different significantly(F=3.21, p=0.045). 3. The HB score after having teaching was higher than before, and benefits, barriers and health concerns were different significantly(t=-2.51, p=0.014 ; t=-4.53, p=0.000 ; t=-3.71, p=0.000). Susceptibility and seriousness were not different significantly. 4. There were different significantly among knowledge, religion(F=3.92, p=0.013) and child (F=3.08, p=0.08). There were different significantly among attitude, age(F=4.65, p=0.05), mansturation state(F=4.39, p=0.016), and artificial abortion experience(F=5.18, p=0.026). There were different significantly among health concern, age(F=2.50, p=0.068), delivary experience(F=3.22, p=0.076), artificial abortion experience(F=5.46, p=0.023), and feeding(F=6.24, p=0.003). Printed material, videotape, and demonstration used BSE model may be valuable for changing positively knowledge and attitude related to BSE. Demonstration used BSE model was most effective teaching method in this study. Therefore, this study revealed that BSE teaching methods were a useful nursing intervention for promoting practice regularily and exactly on women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2014

The present work proposes an improved numerical simulator for design and modification of large area capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) processing chamber. CCP, as notoriously well-known, demands the tremendously huge computational cost for carrying out transient analyses in realistic multi-dimensional models, because electron dissociations take place in a much smaller time scale (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-8{\sim}10-10$) than time scale of those happened between neutrals (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-1{\sim}10-3$), due to the rf drive frequencies of external electric field. And also, for spatial discretization of electron flux (Je), exponential scheme such as Scharfetter-Gummel method needs to be used in order to alleviate the numerical stiffness and resolve exponential change of spatial distribution of electron temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne) in the vicinity of electrodes. Due to such computational intractability, it is prohibited to simulate CCP deposition in a three-dimension within acceptable calculation runtimes (<24 h). Under the situation where process conditions require thickness non-uniformity below 5%, however, detailed flow features of reactive gases induced from three-dimensional geometric effects such as gas distribution through the perforated plates (showerhead) should be considered. Without considering plasma chemistry, we therefore simulated flow, temperature and species fields in three-dimensional geometry first, and then, based on that data, boundary conditions of two-dimensional plasma discharge model are set. In the particular case of SiH4-NH3-N2-He CCP discharge to produce deposition of SiNxHy thin film, a cylindrical showerhead electrode reactor was studied by numerical modeling of mass, momentum and energy transports for charged particles in an axi-symmetric geometry. By solving transport equations of electron and radicals simultaneously, we observed that the way how source gases are consumed in the non-isothermal flow field and such consequences on active species production were outlined as playing the leading parts in the processes. As an example of application of the model for the prediction of the deposited thickness uniformity in a 300 mm wafer plasma processing chamber, the results were compared with the experimentally measured deposition profiles along the radius of the wafer varying inter-electrode gap. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.555-564
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• 2016

This paper proposes a time slot allocation scheme for military patrol environments. This proposal comes from analysis of traffic properties in a military patrol environment. In the near future, robots are expected to explore enemy grounds and measure threat, taking the place of human patrol. In order to control such robots, control messages must be extremely accurate. One mistake from the control center could cause a tragedy. Thus, high reliability must be guaranteed. Another goal is to maintain a continual flow of multimedia data sent from patrol robots. That is, QoS (Quality of Service) must be guaranteed. In order to transmit data while fulfilling both attributes, the per-path based centralized TDMA slot allocation scheme is recommended. The control center allocates slots to robots allowing synchronization among robots. Slot allocation collisions can also be avoided. The proposed scheme was verified through the ns-3 simulator. The scheme showed a higher packet delivery ratio than the algorithm in comparison. It also performed with shorter delay time in the downlink traffic transmission scenario than the algorithm in comparison.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2012

In the M&S filed, The Battle Lab is available for acquisition, design, development tool, validation test, and training in the weapon system of development process. Recently, the Battle Lab in the military of Korea is still in an early stage, in spite of importance of battle lab construction. In the environment of network centric warfare, a practical use of the M&S which is connecting live, virtual and constructive model can be applied to all field of System Engineering process. It is necessary thar the Battle Lab is not restricted by time and space, and is possible for the technical implementation. In this paper, to guarantee the interoperability of live and virtual simulation, virtual simulators connect live simulators by using the tactical data link. To guarantee the interoperability of virtual and constructive simulation, both virtual simulators and constructive simulators use the RTI which is the standard tool of M&S. We propose the System that constructed the Air Defence Battle Lab. In case of the approach of target tracks, The Air Defence Battle Lab is the system for the engagement based on a command of an upper system in the engagement weapon system. Constructive simulators which are target track, missile, radar, and launcher simulator connect virtual simulators which are MCRC, battalion, and fire control center simulators using the RPR-FOM 1.0 that is a kind of RTI FOM. The interoperability of virtual simulators and live simulators can be guaranteed by the connection of the tactical data links which are Link-11B and ATDL-1.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2010

We proposed an unified design methodology and verification platform for giga-scale System on Chip (SoC). According to the growth of VLSI integration, the existing RTL design methodology has a limitation of a production gap because a design complexity increases. A verification methodology need an evolution to overcome a verification gap. The proposed platform includes a high level synthesis, and we develop a power-aware verification platform for low power design and verification automation using it's results. We developed a verification automation and power-aware verification methodology based on control and data flow graph (CDFG) and an abstract level language and RTL. The verification platform includes self-checking and the coverage driven verification methodology. Especially, the number of the random vector decreases minimum 5.75 times with the constrained random vector algorithm which is developed for the power-aware verification. This platform can verify a low power design with a general logic simulator using a power and power cell modeling method. This unified design and verification platform allow automatically to verify, design and synthesis the giga-scale design from the system level to RTL level in the whole design flow.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 1994

This paper proposed a new method in the implementation of ISDN (integrated services digital network) LAPD (link access procedure on the D-channel) and LAPB (link access procedure on the B-channel) protocols. The proposed method in this paper implement ISDW LAPD protocol through multi-tasking operating system and adopt a kernel part that is changed operating system to target board. The features of implemented system are (1) the para.llel processing of the events generated at each layer, as follows (2) the supporting necessary timers for the implementation of ISDW LAPD protocol from the kernel part by using software, (3) the recommanded SAP (Service Access Point) from CCITT was composed by using port function in the operating system. With the proposed method, the protocols of ISDH layerl, layer2 and layer3 (call control) were implemented by using the kernel part and related tests were carried out by connecting the ISDH terminal simulator to ISDN S-interface system using the ISDN LAPD protocol The results showed that ISDW S-interface terminals could be discriminated by TEI (Terminal Equipment Identifier) assignment in layer 2 (LAPD) and the message transmission of layer 3 was verified by establishing the multi-frame transmission and then through the path established by the LAPD protocol, a user data was tranfered and received on B-channel with LAPB protocol Thererfore, as new efficient ISDN S-interface environment was implemented in the thesis, it was verified that the implemented system can be utilized by connecting ISDW in the future to transfer a medical image data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.251-264
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• 2008

One of the crucial elements to fully facilitate the various benefits of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is to obtain more reliable traffic monitoring in real time. To date, point and section-based traffic measurements have been available through existing surveillance technologies, such as loops and automatic vehicle identification (AVI) systems. However, seamless and more reliable traffic data are required for more effective traffic information provision and operations. Technology advancements including vehicle tracking and wireless communication enable the acceleration of the availability of individual vehicle travel information. This study presents a UBIquitous PRObe vehicle Surveillance System (UBIPROSS) using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) wireless communications. Seamless vehicle travel information, including origin-destination information, speed, travel times, and other data, can be obtained by the proposed UBIPROSS. A set of parameters associated with functional requirements of the UBIPROSS, which include the market penetration rate (MPR) of equipped vehicles, V2V communication range, and travel time update interval, are investigated by a Monte Carlo simulation- (MCS) based evaluation framework. In addition, this paper describes prototypical implementation. Field test results and identified technical issues are also discussed. It is expected that the proposed system would be an invaluable precursor to develop a next-generation traffic surveillance system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.2534-2546
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• 2021

Nuclear emergency preparedness and response is an essential part to ensure the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP). Key support technologies of nuclear emergency decision-making usually consist of accident diagnosis, source term estimation, accident consequence assessment, and protective action recommendation. Source term estimation is almost the most difficult part among them. For example, bad communication, incomplete information, as well as complicated accident scenario make it hard to determine the reactor status and estimate the source term timely in the Fukushima accident. Subsequently, it leads to the hard decision on how to take appropriate emergency response actions. Hence, this paper aims to develop a method for rapid source term estimation to support nuclear emergency decision making in pressurized water reactor NPP. The method aims to make our knowledge on NPP provide better support nuclear emergency. Firstly, this paper studies how to build a Bayesian network model for the NPP based on professional knowledge and engineering knowledge. This paper presents a method transforming the PRA model (event trees and fault trees) into a corresponding Bayesian network model. To solve the problem that some physical phenomena which are modeled as pivotal events in level 2 PRA, cannot find sensors associated directly with their occurrence, a weighted assignment approach based on expert assessment is proposed in this paper. Secondly, the monitoring data of NPP are provided to the Bayesian network model, the real-time status of pivotal events and initiating events can be determined based on the junction tree algorithm. Thirdly, since PRA knowledge can link the accident sequences to the possible release categories, the proposed method is capable to find the most likely release category for the candidate accidents scenarios, namely the source term. The probabilities of possible accident sequences and the source term are calculated. Finally, the prototype software is checked against several sets of accident scenario data which are generated by the simulator of AP1000-NPP, including large loss of coolant accident, loss of main feedwater, main steam line break, and steam generator tube rupture. The results show that the proposed method for rapid source term estimation under nuclear emergency decision making is promising.