• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2359-2368
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• 2013

In this paper, an IRD (internal read data) circuit preventing the reentry into the read mode while keeping the read-out DOUT datum at power-up even if noise such as glitches occurs at signal ports such as an input signal port RD (read) when a power IC is on, is proposed. Also, a pulsed WL (word line) driving method is used to prevent a DC current of several tens of micro amperes from flowing into the read transistor of a differential paired eFuse OTP cell. Thus, reliability is secured by preventing non-blown eFuse links from being blown by the EM (electro-migration). Furthermore, a compared output between a programmed datum and a read-out datum is outputted to the PFb (pass fail bar) pin while performing a sensing margin test with a variable pull-up load in consideration of resistance variation of a programmed eFuse in the program-verify-read mode. The layout size of the 8-bit eFuse OTP IP with a $0.18{\mu}m$ process is $189.625{\mu}m{\times}138.850{\mu}m(=0.0263mm^2)$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.361-371
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• 2015

This study analyzed the 91 cases of the statements for the Sea Area Utilization Consultation according to the developmental projects of ports and fishery harbors for 2012 2014 and the status of the record of document, and suggested the improvement way to go. The marine environmental timpact assessment items both marine chemistry such as water quality, sediment and marine biology such as benthic animal, plankton, and fisheries show highly rate of site survey. But, the utilization of those data through site survey is too low, and it is necessary to adopt the QA/QC for the reliability of survey data. The items of marine physics such as tide, tidal current analyzed based on references not a site survey. However, the simulation performed actively without calibration and verification compared to the result of site survey. When the projects of port and fishery harbor perform, it is necessary to monitor the physical parameter such as wave, tide and tidal current especially. Based on the scale and the type of project, we need introduce the system of scoping for prediagnosis the key assessment items and checklists.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.396-405
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• 2020

In this study, we used the big data of Voice of Customer (VOC) related to high-speed Internet products to look at the causes of perceived quality and the possibility of proactive service. In order to verify the possibility of proactive service, we collected VOC data from 13 facilities and equipment of a mobile communication service company, and then conducted 𝒙² test to verify that there was a statistically significant difference between the actual VOC observation values and expected values. We found statistical evidence that proactive service is possible through real-time monitoring for the six disability alarms among the 13 facilities and equipment, which are FTTH-R Equipment ON/OFF, FTTH-EV Line Error Detection, Port Faulty, FTTH-R Line Error Detection, Network Loop Detection, and Abnormal Limiting Traffic. Companies are able to adopt the proactive service to improve their market share and to reduce customer service costs. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the actual application of industry in that it has diagnosed the possibility of proactive service in the telecommunication service sector and further suggested suggestions on how to provide effective proactive service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1121-1121
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• 2001

A previous study (Berzaghi et al., 2001) evaluated the performance of 3 calibration methods, modified partial least squares (MPLS), local PLS (LOCAL) and artificial neural networks (ANN) on the prediction of the chemical composition of forages, using a large NIR database. The study used forage samples (n=25,977) from Australia, Europe (Belgium, Germany, Italy and Sweden) and North America (Canada and U.S.A) with reference values for moisture, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre content. The spectra of the samples were collected using 10 different Foss NIR Systems instruments, only some of which had been standardized to one master instrument. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behaviour of these different calibration methods when predicting the same samples measured on different instruments. Twenty-two sealed samples of different kind of forages were measured in duplicate on seven instruments (one master and six slaves). Three sets of near infrared spectra (1100 to 2500nm) were created. The first set consisted of the spectra in their original form (unstandardized); the second set was created using a single sample standardization (Clone1); the third was created using a multiple sample procedure (Clone6). WinISI software (Infrasoft International Inc., Port Mathilda, PA, USA) was used to perform both types of standardization, Clone1 is just a photometric offset between a “master” instrument and the “slave” instrument. Clone6 modifies both the X-axis through a wavelength adjustment and the Y-axis through a simple regression wavelength by wavelength. The Clone1 procedure used one sample spectrally close to the centre of the population. The six samples used in Clone 6 were selected to cover the range of spectral variation in the sample set. The remaining fifteen samples were used to evaluate the performances of the different models. The predicted values for dry matter, protein and neutral detergent fibre from the master Instrument were considered as “reference Y values” when computing the statistics RMSEP, SEPC, R, Bias, Slope, mean GH (global Mahalanobis distance) and mean NH (neighbourhood Mahalanobis distance) for the 6 slave instruments. From the results we conclude that i) all the calibration techniques gave satisfactory results after standardization. Without standardization the predicted data from the slaves would have required slope and bias correction to produce acceptable statistics. ii) Standardization reduced the errors for all calibration methods and parameters tested, reducing not only systematic biases but also random errors. iii) Standardization removed slope effects that were significantly different from 1.0 in most of the cases. iv) Clone1 and Clone6 gave similar results except for NDF where Clone6 gave better RMSEP values than Clone1. v) GH and NH were reduced by half even with very large data sets including unstandardized spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-65
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• 1995

The development of Korean shipping industry is maybe defined into three development stages-industry fixing stage, industry coordinating stage, industry development stage-. The development of shipping industry has been depended on the geovernment/authority role such as shipping policy, system, law, rules and regulations. In 1983, Korean shipping industry reorganization and coordination by shipping authority have made our shipping industry on the stable condition together with each company's efforts. Today's world economic environment such WTO/UR negotiation results get this government role limited. According to the being reduced government role, each company's competitive advantage power becomes more important. Besides, korean shipping industry is exposed into the entire and bitter world competition. In order to win and prevent the world shipping competition, it is necessary to look out the competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The first purpose of this study is the situation analysis for competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The second is to compare with our shipping policies with foreign ones concerned with ship, cargo, crew, tax and others. But in order to compare with foreign shipping, this study need their shipping statistics data, this study has some limit of the foreign data. This study has been carried on the basis of the following items. 1. Shipping environment, 2. Ships and ship acquirement(shipbuilding/purchasing), 3. Oceangoing cargo and ship's stowage rate, 4. Human factor in shipping-crew, 5. The incomes and costs in finacial statements. We have some conclusions as following through the this study. First, Korean shipping industry environment-competitive disadvantage situation- has changed rapidly due to the shipping market opening, free market entering of foreign shipping. Second, Korean shipping is disadvantageous due to the high tax rate and financing conditions in connection with ship acquirement. In order to improve the competitive advantage power, the shipping tax system and ship financing conditions should be reviewed to profitable for owners. Third, but both world and Korean oceangoing cargoes quantity have been increased annualy, Korean ship's cargo stowage rate is being decreased. This is serious situation but Korean shipping take well use of foreign vessel with hire. It is recommended to take use of owner's vessel and hired ones in the long range view, considering the world shipping management. But the number of crew has been decreased by 2, 000~3, 000 annualy, it is desirable that the long sea-experienced crew have been increased. Almost of owners usauly complain the crew cost is the main obstacles to competitive advantage power. Human factor is the most important firm's asset. All owners should pay attention to this though, and invest the proper budget to training, education, welfare as much as possible. In the long run this effects could be feedback to owners. Fifth, We must improve the financial statements structure, that is, the first step is to increase income, the second is to decrease cost, the third is to increase income on the same cost, the fourth is to decrease cost on the same income. It is essential to find out what the urgent investment is and what unnecessary cost is. At last, in order to competite world shipping race, each shipping firm must try for himself to retain the power. The government/authority is no longer dependable. I believe that each firm's power will be the industry's power, the industry's power will be the nations's power.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2001

In this paper, a three-dimensional measuring system of thermoluminescence(TL) spectra based on temperature, wavelength and luminescence intensity was introduced. The system was composed of a spectrometer, temperature control unit for thermal stimulation, photon detector and personal computer for control the entire system. Temperature control was achieved by using feedback to ensure a linear-rise in the sample temperature. Digital multimeter(KEITHLEY 195A) measures the electromotive force of Copper-Constantan thermocouple and then transmits the data to the computer through GPIB card. The computer converts this signal to temperature using electromotive force-temperature table in program, and then control the power supply through the D/A converter. The spectrometer(SPEX 1681) is controlled by CD-2A, which is controlled by the computer through RS-232 communication port. For measuring the luminescence intensity during the heating run, the electrometer(KEITHLEY 617) measures the anode current of photomultiplier tube(HAMAMATSU R928) and transmits the data to computer through the A/D converter. And, we measured and analyzed thermoluminescence of $CaSO_4$ : Dy, P using the system. The measuring range of thermoluminescence spectra was 300K-575K and 300~800 nm, $CaSO_4$ : Dy. P was fabricated by the Yamashita's method in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) for radiation dosimeter. Thermoluminesce spectra of the $CaSO_4$ : Dy, P consist of two main peak at temperature of $205^{\circ}C$, wavelength 476 nm and 572 nm and with minor ones at 658 nm and 749 nm.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to contribute to family nursing in the areas of reducing stress and improving coping for parents of mentally retarded children. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires during a period of 2 months between November 1994 and January 1995 in the Kyoung-in area. The subjects consist of 176 parents (88 mothers and 88 fathers) of mentally retarded children attending schools for the handicapped. The levels of general stress and of parental role stress were measured with the General stress scale and the Parental role stress scale, respectively. The coping scale developed by Folkman ＆ LaZarus was adopted to measure the level of coping, and the patterns of adaptation scale developed by Damrosch ＆ Perry was adopted to measure the patterns of adaptation. The data were analyzed by a SAS program using Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, and oneway ANOVA. The results are as follows ; 1. The level of general stress was significantly higher in mothers than in fathers. Mothers experienced a significantly greater level of parental role stress than fathers did. No significant difference in the level of coping was observed between mothers and fathers. There were differences in maternal and paternal patterns of adaptation. 2. The adaptation pattern of fathers was different according to their level of general stress, parental role stress and coping. The adaptation pattern of mothers was not different according to their level of general stress and parental role stress, but was according to their level of coping. 3. General stress experienced by fathers was different according to education, health status and support from their spouses. Satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with spouse and the support from spouse influenced coping used by fathers. Their level of parental role stress was not associated with any of their general characteristics. 4. In mothers, the level of general stress was different according to their health status, the level of parental role stress was related to satisfaction with family life and satisfaction with spouse. Their level of coping was associated with the sup port from spouse. The above findings indicate that mothers did not have more coping strategies than fathers did, despite the results which showed that mothers experienced greater stress than fathers did. Especially, the adaptation pattern of mothers was different according to their level of coping. Hence, nursing interventions directed at managing stress and improving coping should be used with mothers who use adaptation pattern 1. In particular, fathers should actively participate in parenting, and support their spouses.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2015

Recently, the development of Maritime Service Portfolios (MSPs) for the safe navigation of ship has been discussed internationally. For the successful service of the MSPs, first of all, studies for the standardization about the structure and data structure of MSPs should be preceded. Also, it is necessary to evaluate and assess whether the services are effective for safe navigation, and provided data and portrayal methods are proper. However, because great dangers will be accompanied when untested MSPs about their effectiveness and safety are applied in real ship navigation, it is necessary that effectiveness and safety of the MSPs should be proven under various navigational conditions and environments by simulation. In this paper, we propose a 3D navigation simulation system using desktop PC environment, which is proper for evaluating the effectiveness of MSPs. The system consists of three modules which are simulation scenario editor, 3D visualization of navigational environment and 2D navigational equipment. The scenario editor module provides an environment setting for simulation, such as properties, routes and positions of vessels and aids to navigations. It also provides functions to create a scenario for the simulation to operate. Additionally, the 3D visualization module provides 3D navigational environment which shows interplay between geographical and navigational environment based on the created scenario. The 2D navigational equipment module provides visualization functions of various navigational equipment, shows the interaction between ship's navigational equipment and ship's environment. The simulation scenario, in which various kinds of ships are routing in the port, is created by the developed simulation system, and experimented whether this developed system is appropriate to evaluate and assess the MSPs developed by the International Maritime Organization.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.191-204
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• 2013

In this paper, we investigated the correlation outputs of Daejeon correlator at the viewpoints of the buffer memory setting related to the fine delay tracking and the under/overflow issue in FFT modules, in order to eliminate DC-like component and phase concentration to 0 degree. As the ring buffer memory is being used for the fine delay tracking, the DC-like component in correlation outputs is generated by improper setting of data read/write address, and then that address setting method is modified to exclude a polluted FFT segment in correlation processing when crossing the port/stream boundary. The phase concentration to 0 degree at beginning of bandpass is caused by inadequate scaling factors, which may be the origins of under/overflow occurred at internal computation of FFT stage. With the revised method of the ring buffer memory setting and the scaling factors in FFT, we could obtain higher signal-to-noise ratio and flux density, compared to the previous method, through the correlation processing of true observational data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.180-188
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• 2017

Recently, as the strength of winds and waves increases due to the climate change, abnormal waves such as swells have been also increased, which results in the increase of downtime events of loading/unloading in a harbour. To reduce the downtime events, breakwaters were constructed in a harbour to improve the tranquility. However, it is also important and useful for efficient port operation by predicting accurately and also quickly the downtime events when the harbour operation is in a limiting condition. In this study, numerical simulations were carried out to calculate the wave conditions based on the forecasted wind data in offshore area/outside harbour and also the long-term observation was carried out to obtain the wave data in a harbour. A forecasting method was designed using an auto-regressive (AR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models in order to establish the relationship between the wave conditions calculated by wave model (SWAN) in offshore area and observed ones in a harbour. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed method, this method was applied to predict wave heights in a harbour and to forecast the downtime events in Pohang New Harbour with highly complex topography were compared. From the verification study, it was observed that the ANN model was more accurate than the AR model.