• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2006

This study, a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. conducted a survey on 30 patients test group and control group of IS patients sampling an adjacent population at random - who are operated on the breast cancer and are in the A University Hospital located in Suwon, to examine into the effects of foot reflex zone massage on their pain and sleep satisfaction through the nursing interventions. It gave them a foot reflex zone massage for the total 30 minutes-basic massage 10 minutes and reflex massage 20 minutes required to alleviate their pain day in day out covering a two-month period from the first of July to the first of September 2004. for the purpose of collecting data. It launched into a two-round foot reflex zone massage at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomy through a direct visit at the hospital room to measure pain intensity, physiological index(pulse and blood pressure) and sleep satisfaction of them. The results are as follows. First, it showed that there is all the difference between pain intensity of test group and that of control group. In result, the first hypothesis, pain of test group. which measure at 6(p=.000) and 24 hours(p=.001) since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Second, it showed that there is all the difference between physiological index of test group and that of control group. In result. the second hypothesis, pulse(p= .025, p= .002), systolic blood pressure(p= .004, p=.012) and diastolic blood pressure(p=.004. p= .003) of test group, which investigate at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Third, it showed that there is a significant difference between sleep satisfaction of test group and that of control group(p=.000). In result, the fourth hypothesis, sleep satisfaction of test group. which examine in the morning after mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. In the result. a foot reflex zone massage is seen to be effective in the pain reduction and sleep promotion of patients who are operated on breast cancer, and in providing them with more qualitative care by improving confidence between them and nurses through a physical touch. Also, it can be applied to a clinical examination through an independent nursing intervention.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.2D
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2011

In 2009, the Korean international construction industry showed a great performance, totaling 49.1 billion of contract and then this achievement has been considered a key milestone presenting that the international construction industry is one of the primary export industries of Korea. However, because of the construction firms' equalized levels of technology and price competitiveness, the competition among bidders is becoming more intensive. Moreover, this changing market circumstance leads construction firms to apply for bidding with the lowest price that could not meet the expected profitability of a project. Therefore, to develop various strategies based on project characteristics becomes one of the critical capabilities that construction firms should possess. Based on these motives, this study is aimed to investigate associations among number of bidders, contract award rate, profitability on international projects. For the correlation analysis, a set of data is structured by collecting all projects ranging from 1993 to 2009, excluding projects funded by official development and domestic funds. The number of bidders were grouped depending on project characteristics such as market regions, project types, bidding types, and order organization types. As the result of correlation analysis, contract award rate increases as the number of bidders increase, but the relationship between the number of bidders and profitability is negative. Understanding the correlations among variables can be employed in developing strategies to improve construction firms' competitiveness in the international construction market.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 1985

The authors studied Psychoticism, using SCL-90, in the subjects of 3,893 male college students and 1,976 female college students of Yeung Nam University, collecting data during the periods from October to November, 1984. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean averages of total psychoticism scores between male and female students; male students scored $6.81{\pm}5.13$ female students scored $8.14{\pm}5.05$. 2. Eighty eight male students (2.4%) showed seriously high psychoticism scores of 20 or higher, while 63 female students (3.2%) showed the same scores. 3. In a comparison between male students in different school grades, freshmen showed the highest level of psychoticism scores, and as the grades of students became higher, the levels of psychoticism scores were lower. 4. Among the psychosocial factors, there were strong tendencies toward higher psychoticism scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their college, and hsd pessimistic views of self image in the past, present or future, in both groups. 5. The male students whose educational fees were paid by their parents, and whose spending money per month was under 10,000won, showed higher level of psychoticism scores. 6. The female students whose maturation locations were city, who were dissatisfied with their departments, who resided in dormitory of other residencies, and whose educational fees were paid by their brothers or sisters, showed higher level of psychoticism scores. 7. The items relating to 5(Feeling lonely with people) 9 (Never feeling close to another) 10 (Idea something with mind) in psychoticism and the item of depressed affect in SDS were significantly correlated over 0.40 of correlation coefficient.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.428-434
• /
• 2008

Introduction: Piezosurgery device is one of the most commonly used instrument on the intraoral surgery such as maxillary sinus lift and autogeneous bone graft. Piezosurgery instrument also contains the tips that are manufactured especially for the convenient bone graft, which now many surgeons apply them for collecting bone graft materials in the curettage method for the restoration of skull defects. However, objective data has not been shown concerning the effects about bone graft with using Piezosurgery. Therefore we investigated the effects of Piezosurgery on the rabbit-skull defect healing. Materials & Methods: To investigate the regeneration of the bony defect with various bone graft, 10 adult New Zealand white rabbits (average weight : $2.8{\pm}0.3kg$, about 12weeks) were used. The four circular bony defects measuring 6mm in diameter were made with Piezosurgery device on each rabbit cranial bone. The harvested bone tissues during defect formation were also used for autogeneous bone graft. They were grafted into the defects in a various type; block type (Group 1), particulated type by the bone mill (Group 2), chopped type by curette shaped Piezosurgery tip (Group 3), the defect without any graft was served as control (control group). The animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks and bone regeneration capacity was evaluated histomorphometrically. Result & Conclusion: Autogeneous bone graft harvested using a Piezosurgery instrument showed satisfactory bone regeneration. There was no conspicuous difference bone prepared among by bone mill or Piezosurgery and block bone graft. Therefore, the bone harvested from the intraoral site near the operation field using the piezosurgery device can be a feasible and reliable graft for intraoral bony defects.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.26-39
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this descriptive study is to investigate the general knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS among gender in physical therapists and physical therapy students. AIDS a clinical syndrome that involves progressive immune deficiency and consequent development of opportunistic infection, tumors, neurologic disease and systemic wasting with chronic trends. Many medical specialists are afraid of AIDS patients because they have a little information of AIDS and fear of HIV infection from AIDS patients at work site. This study surveyed 649 physical therapists and physical therapy students by means of a self-administered questionnaire. This study was carried out from April, 2003 to October, 2003 for collecting data. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The male and female physical therapist and physical therapy students who have an experience of educational program for HIV/AIDS show higher general knowledge about HIV/AIDS. 2) The male physical therapist and physical therapy students were conscious of the need for physical therapeutic intervention for the complication of HIV/AIDS. 3) The male who has higher general knowledge about HIV/AIDS are conscious of the need for educational program about HIV/AIDS. 4) The male and female want to have the choice to accept or reject the HIV/AIDS patients for treatment. 5) The knowledge of transmission mode in sexual intercourse of HIV/AIDS influence the attitude of male and female to patients with HIV/AIDS. 6) The knowledge of prevention of HIV/AIDS influence the attitude of male and female to patients with HIV/AIDS. 7) The knowledge of regarding symptom of HIV/AIDS influence the attitude of female to patients with HIV/AIDS. 8) The knowledge of general transmission mode of HIV/AIDS influence the attitude of male and female to patients with HIV/AIDS. 9) The knowledge of transmission risk factors in work site of HIV/AIDS influence the attitude of male and female to patients with HIV/AIDS. 10) The knowledge of needs for prevention in work site of HIV/AIDS influence the attitude of male and female to patients with HIV/AIDS. In conclusion, male and female with more knowledge of HIV/AIDS could positively treat HIV/AIDS patients.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.383-390
• /
• 2019

A helideck is one of the essential structures in offshore platforms for the transportation of goods and operating personnel between land and offshore sites. As such, it should be carefully designed and installed for the safety of the offshore platform. In this study, a structural design optimization method for a lightweight offshore helideck is developed based on a genetic algorithm and an attainable design set concept. A helideck consists of several types of structural members such as plates, girders, stiffeners, trusses, and support elements, and the dimensions of these members are typically pre-defined by manufacturers. Therefore, design sets are defined by collecting the standard section data for these members from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), and integer section labels are assigned as design variables in the genetic algorithm. The objective is to minimize the total weight of the offshore helideck while satisfying the maximum allowable stress criterion under various loading conditions including self-weight, wind direction, landing position, and landing condition. In addition, the unity check process is also utilized for additional verification of structural safety against buckling failure of the helideck.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 2014

Many people have a social network service (SNS) by utilizing a variety of community activities, information sharing, and the creation of social networking. In terms of marketing academics view social networks between businesses and consumers in the new communication strategy, a new way to make them in terms of marketing a new business opportunity. That is, they are actively engaged in the various marketing activities targeting customers using SNS. According to H. A. Simon's needle theory, it is efficient to make a decision within the bounded rationality due to the difficulty of collecting data in decision-making as well as the inability to collect all information because of limited time and money. If the information or the informant can be trusted, the customers would be able to make a quick decision and get higher satisfaction from it. Therefore, this study examines and thereby empirically demonstrates what role customers' trust plays in a company's marketing using SNS by exploring how trust condition works in the mediated model and, theoretically, intends to introduce an empirical methodology on more strictly mediated moderating effects and, in practice, revisit the role of trust on direct and indirect effect the SNS's Information quality has on the performance variables such as customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study thereby aims to provide a strategic tool for the companies that plan to use the SNS in developing marketing strategies.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 2013

With the advent of smart phones, there are increasing demands from customers to connect to the social media services at any time and at any place without restraint. As a result, many foreign companies have lately been able to pursue two-way communication with customers through social media which has enabled them to see the reaction and the needs of customers immediately and respond timely. That is, they are actively engaged in the various marketing activities targeting customers using SNS. According to H. A. Simon's needle theory, it is efficient to make a decision within the bounded rationality due to the difficulty of collecting data in decision-making as well as the inability to collect all information because of limited time and money. If the information or the informant can be trusted, the customers would be able to make a quick decision and get higher satisfaction from it. Therefore, this study examines and thereby empirically demonstrates what role customers' trust plays in a company's marketing using SNS by exploring how trust condition works in the mediated model and, theoretically, intends to introduce an empirical methodology on more strictly mediated moderating effects and, in practice, revisit the role of trust on direct and indirect effect the SNS's quality has on the performance variables such as customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study thereby aims to provide a strategic tool for the companies that plan to use the SNS in developing marketing strategies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2018

In recent years, mechanized construction has become commonplace due to increases in the scale and complexity of construction, and construction machinery is a major factor in successful construction. However, even though the proportion of construction machinery is increasing, analysis of the work capacity of construction machinery is inadequate. In addition, since the standards for all construction machines are currently not defined in quantity-per-unit, the construction period is arbitrarily applied according to the operator at the time of the construction plan. As a result, the construction period of the actual construction is insufficient, and rushed work or construction delays occur. Therefore, in this study, in order to calculate the construction period of the piling work of the pile driver used in the PRD method more accurately than the existing method, the formula for calculating the time required for the piling work of the pile driver was established by collecting piling time data from the daily task reports through the field survey. If the precise construction period of piling work is estimated based on the results of this study, it will be possible to prevent the rushed work and construction delays that occur due to the short construction period.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this research is to explore the total heavy metals from a coal-fired power plant burning bituminous coal with wood pellets due to the implementation of the Renewable Portfolio Standard policy (RPS, 10% of electricity from renewable energy resources by 2023). Methods: The research was carried out by collecting archival data and using the USEPA's AP-42 & EMEP/EEA compilation of emission factors for use in calculating emissions. The Monte Carlo method was also applied for carrying out the calculations of measurement uncertainty. Results: In this paper, the results are listed as follows. Sb was measured at 110 kg (2015) and calculated as 165 kg (2019) and 201 kg (2023). Cr was measured at 1,597 kg (2015) and calculated as 1,687 kg (2019) and 1,728 kg (2023). Cu was measured at 2,888 kg (2015) and calculated as 3,133 kg (2019) and 3,264 kg (2023). Pb was measured at 2,580 kg (2015) and calculated as 2,831 kg (2019) and 2,969 kg (2023). Mn was measured at 3,011 kg (2015) and calculated as 15,034 kg (2019) and 23,014 kg (2023). Hg was measured at 510 kg (2015) and calculated as 513 kg (2019) and 537 kg (2023). Ni was measured at 1,720 kg (2015) and calculated as 1,895 kg (2019) and 1,991 kg (2023). Zn was measured at 7,054 kg (2015) and calculated as 9,938 kg (2019) and 11,778 kg (2023). Se was measured at 7,988 kg (2015) and calculated as 7,663 kg (2019) and 7,351 kg (2023). Conclusion: This shows that most heavy metals would increase steadily from 2015 to 2023. However, Se would decrease by 7.9%. This analysis was conducted with EMEP/EEA's emission factors due to the limited emission factors in South Korea. Co-firewood pellets in coal-fired power plants cause the emission of heavy metals. For this reason, emission factors at air pollution control facilities would be presented and the replacement of wood pellets would be needed.