• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.2 s.23
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

The work of VLCC SPM mainly is accomplished on the open sea. On the open sea as a result of meteorological condition and the ocean wave influence, When the weather condition is get bed, peremptorily moving to the safety place, bemuse of the gale and the billow, almost happened frequently, the pilot is unable to go on board and the tug is also unable to be used Now bemuse of the bad weather the VLCC SPM moving to the other safety place frequently happened in the ulsan port. the construction of new harbor, it constructed many break water around SPM. So that it is necessary to propose the new standard about how to maneuvering area actually. Now our country is at the blank stage about the establishment of SPM research Most of the situations refer to overseas standards. But these standards lack consistency and clarity. So when moving to the another safe place from SPM, we must Carry through the research and study on the ships using sailing through AIS Data We must put forward a new standard about maneuvering area of ships moving at SPM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1539-1546
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• 2016

Specific patterns of the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome are related to mutations in the BRCA1 gene. One hundred unrelated breast cancer patients were interviewed to obtain clinical symptoms and signs, pedigree and familial history of HBOC syndrome related cancer. Subsequently, data were calculated using the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) risk prediction model. Patients with high score of BOADICEA were offered genetic testing. Eleven patients with high score of BOADICEA, 2 patients with low score of BOADICEA, 2 patient's family members and 15 controls underwent BRCA1 genetic testing. Mutation screening using PCR-HRM was carried out in 22 exons (41 amplicons) of BRCA1 gene. Sanger sequencing was subjected in all samples with aberrant graph. This study identified 10 variants in the BRCA1 gene, consisting of 6 missense mutations (c.1480C>A, c.2612C>T, c.2566T>C, c.3113A>G, c.3548 A>G, c.4837 A>G), 3 synonymous mutations (c.2082 C>T, c.2311 T>C and c.4308T>C) and one intronic mutation (c.134+35 G>T). All variants tend to be polymorphisms and unclassified variants. However, no known pathogenic mutations were found.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.177-187
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• 2004

Dry ice snow jet was produced by high-pressure expansion of liquid carbon dioxide and subsequent acceleration by carrier gas flow. Removal mechanism for coating was not so different from that for contaminating particles on the surface. The removal of coating was quantitatively described by Hutchings' equation. The two parameters obtained from the plot, were used to predict the removal rate or the specific coating area removed by a unit mass of carbon dioxide. Their values also enhanced the reliability of the experimental data and enabled the experimental errors corrected. Hutchings' plots obtained with various values of either stand-off distance or nozzle length tends to meet apparently at a single unique point at which the scar-size enlargement by focusing jet plume was balanced with that by spreading it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.200-208
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• 1989

To the purpose of preparation for investigating aspect of material that not revealed by the light microscope and extending our knowledge in applicable field, a scanning acoustic microscope system of 200MHz was organized and appraised its performance with experiments. Professor N.CHUBACHI in Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan provided the ZnO transducer with lens. The system for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic pulses of 200nsec was organized with a rectangular audio wave generator for modulation of 200MHz carrier wave, gating system for transmitting and receiving, mixer for converting intermediate frequency, a directional coupler, ZnO transducer, radio frequency amplifiers. detecter and personal computer. The Scanning system was driven in micro steps with three stepping motors in the direction of x, y and z axes. The system was a reflecting type scanning acoustic microscope and the operation program processed graphics data from receiving echo intensities. Photograph of fish scale obtained by optical microscope was compared with its image by the scanning acoustic microscope organized here. The result was satisfiable.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.10 no.S_2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

Humic acids react with chlorine to produce Trihalomethanes(THMs), known as carcinogens, during disinfection, the last stage in water purification. Currently, the removal of organic humic acids is considered the best approach to solve the problem of THM formation. Accordingly, the current study examined the adsorption of organic compounds of humic acids onto an inorganic carrier prepared from oyster shell waste. The adsorbent used was activated oyster shell powder(HAP) and silver ion-exchanged oyster shell powder(HAP-Ag), with CaCO$_3$ as the control. The adsorbates were phthalic acid, chelidamic acid, catechol, dodecylpyridinium chloride(DP), and 2-ethyl phenol(2-EP). The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch shaker at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 hours. The equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate solution was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometer and the data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. Since the solution pH values were found to be greater than the pKa values of the organic compounds used as adsorbates, the compounds apparently existed in ionic form. The adsorptive affinities of the organic acid and phenolic compounds varied depending on the interaction of electrostatic forces, ion exchange, and chelation. More carboxylic acids and catechol, rather than DP and 2-EP, were adsorbed onto HAP and HAP-Ag. HAP and HAP-Ag exhibited a greater adsorptive affinity for the organic compounds than CaCO$_3$, used as the control.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.115-118
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• 2011

Process characterization of the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process for undensified phosphosilicate glass (PSG) film is reported using design of experiments (DOE). DOE has been addressed to experimenters to understand the relationship between input variables and responses of interest in a simple and efficient way. It is typically beneficial for determining the adequate size of experiments with multiple process variables and making statistical inferences for the responses of interests. Equipment controllable parameters to operate the machine include the down force (DF) of the wafer carrier, pressure on the backside of the wafer, table and spindle speed (SS), slurry flow rate, and pad condition. None of them is independent; thus, the interaction between parameters also needs to be indicated to improve process characterization in CMP. In this paper, we have selected the five controllable equipment parameters, such as DF, back pressure (BP), table speed (TS), SS, and slurry flow (SF), most process engineers recommend to characterize the CMP process with respect to material removal rate (RR) and film uniformity as a percentage. The polished material is undensified PSG. PSG is widely used for the plananization in multi-layered metal interconnects. We identify the main effect of DF, BP, and TS on both RR and film uniformity, as expected, by the statistical modeling and analysis on the metrology data acquired from a series of $2^{5-1}$ fractional factorial design with two center points. This revealed the film uniformity of the polished PSG film contains two and three-way interactions. Therefore, one can easily infer that the process control based on better understanding of the process is the key to success in semiconductor manufacturing, typically when the wafer size reaches 300 mm and is continuously scheduled to expand up to 450 mm in or little after 2012.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4915-4921
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• 2012

Published data on any association between the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI (c1/c2) polymorphism and liver cancer risk among east Asians are inconclusive. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. A literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of science and CBM databases from inception through July 2012 was conducted. Twelve case-control studies were included with a total of 1,552 liver cancer cases and 1,763 healthy controls. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association under five genetic models. When all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, the results showed that the c2 allele and the c2 carrier (c2/c2 + c2/c1) of RsaI/PstI polymorphism were associated with decreased risk of liver cancer among east Asians (c2 vs. c1: OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.59-0.95, P = 0.016; c2/c2 + c2/c1 vs. c1/c1: OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58-1.00, P = 0.050). In the stratified analysis by country, significant associations were observed between RsaI/PstI polymorphism and decreased risk of liver cancer among the Chinese population (c2 vs. c1: OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.54-0.91, P = 0.007; c2/c2 + c2/c1 vs. c1/c1: OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.54-0.95, P = 0.020), but not among Japanese and Korean populations. Results from the current meta-analysis indicates that the c2 allele of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI (c1/c2) polymorphism may be a protective factor for HCC among east Asians, especially among China populations.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2006

According th expansion of computer technology and fast spread of network today, change is accelerated to electronic filing document in information carrier that use existent paper. Accord ingly, it became very important issue that create electronic filing document, and manage information that is included to electronic filing document. XML is expected to act important role in electronic commerce, electronic library, construction of point application system of imagination college and so on furthermore as well as can be complicated in Internet and ease storage of structured document data, administration, search. It is not easy work that peon makes out this XML document. This dissertation is research about edit method to make out XML document as more easy and convenient. Introduced concept that input XML document using document form for this, and separated input process by process and process that make out actuality XML document using made XML document form that make XML document form. Such detached input method can improve efficiency of XML input because can input easily XML document if use XML document form that offer input person who do not know well about XML specialist or system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.458-463
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• 2005

OFDM communication system is effective for the high data rate transmission in the frequency selective fading channel. Since OFDM has high PAPR, OFDM signal may be distorted by the nonlinear HPA. In this paper, we propose an combined SLM and PTS method for reducing the PAPR in OFDM communication system. Proposed method increased some system complex in comparison with exiting method. But we made sure of high efficiency in the case of reducing the PAPR. As a result of using the 16-QAM modulation and increasing the carrier number in the SLM, PTS method and the SLM-PTS combined method, SLM-PTS combined method is more an effective method of reducing 3.5 dB PAPR than exiting OFDM system when this method is M, L=3, D=128, 256 in 10-3 BER.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2010

Recently, a multi-core system is studied for single terminal's operations on various service networks for mobile systems. Therefore, it is expected that mobile systems capable of supporting WCDMA, MC-CDMA, CDMA and WiBro would be developed. Mobile systems for supporting various service networks is able to be implemented on a single chipset via SoC(System one Chip) technology, thus a noble modem design proper for SoC technology is necessary. For high speed data transmission of 4G mobile communication services, OFDM scheme has to be applied. But, an OFDM signal consists of a number of independently modulated subcarriers, and superposition of these subcarriers cause a problem that can give a large PAPR. In this paper, a noble modem design for 4G mobile communication services and PAPR reduction method for solving the PAPR problem are proposed.