• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2020

A priority-based data communication approach, developed by employing cognitive radio capacity for sensor nodes in a wireless terrestrial sensor network (TSN), has been proposed. Data sensed by a sensor node-an unlicensed user-were prioritized, taking sensed data importance into account. For data of equal priority, a first come first serve algorithm was used. Non-preemptive priority scheduling was adopted, in order not to interrupt any ongoing transmissions. Licensed users used a nonpersistent, slotted, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) technique, while unlicensed sensor nodes used a nonpersistent CSMA technique for lossless data transmission, in an energy-restricted, TSN environment. Depending on the analytical model, the proposed wireless TSN environment was simulated using Riverbed software, and to analyze sensor network performance, delay, energy, and throughput parameters were examined. Evaluating the proposed approach showed that the average delay for sensed, high priority data was significantly reduced, indicating that maximum throughput had been achieved using wireless sensor nodes with cognitive radio capacity.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2012

Purpose: Fragile X carrier detection before or at early pregnancy through a wide screening program may not only confer a risk of having offspring with Fragile X syndrome (FXS), but may also confer a risk for Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency and Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. However, prior to the implementation of such a program, the carrier prevalence in a population and the availability of effective screening test should be evaluated. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of premutation carriers and to evaluate the feasibility of screening test. Materials and Methods: The blood samples were obtained from 8,641 pregnant women with no family history of mental retardation. We performed a three-primer CGG repeat primed (RP) PCR using the AmplideX$^{TM}$ FMR1 PCR kit (Asuragen, Inc. Austin, TX, USA). Samples showing full mutation alleles were reflexed to Southern blot analysis for methylation status and sizing. Results: Among the 8,641 women, we found 8 premutation carriers (1:1,090, 0.09%) and 46 women with an intermediate allele (1:190, 0.53%). No woman was found to carry the fully mutated allele. All the detected alleles were within the CGG repeat range of 8-117. Among the 8,641 samples, 29 and 30 CGG repeats represent 66.6% of all cases. The CGG RP PCR method provides robust detection of expanded alleles and resolves allele zygosity, thus minimizing the number of samples that require Southern blot analysis. Conclusion: This is the first study that has focused on the prevalence of FXS premutation carriers and FMR1 allele distribution in normal pregnant women. These data have important implications for population-based fragile X carrier screening in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2002

This study was performed to discriminate defective loci by detection of congenital genetic disorder, to offer basic data for selection and improvement of Korean dairy cattle using frozen semen of Holstein bulls(16 proven and 93 candidate). The results obtained were as follows ; By the detection of DUMP(deficiency of uridine monophophate synthase) for 109 Holstein bulls(16 proven and 93 candidate), DUMP carrier was not found in whole animals. Also, it was possible to early detection of DUMP carrier by using PCR-RFLP(AvaⅠ). As the results of detection for BLAD(bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency), BLAD carrier was not found in 16 proven bulls. But 5 candidtae bulls are discriminated to BLAD carrier, and it could be predicted to transmitted pathway of inherited loci by pedigree identification. Also, when digesting PCR products using restriction enzyme, results from TaqⅠ restriction enzyme were more efficient than that of HaeⅢ. After detection test of citrullinaemia, it was concluded that proven and candidate bulls were not. However, wide range of research and citrullinaemia genotyping should be performed. As a result of this study, the wide and various research should be performed in genetic disease of animal. And in the selection and breeding of animal, the breeding scheme by completely and continuously management of pedigree should be established.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.209-231
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to extract the factors of core competency required for technology teachers and to analyze the educational needs for extracted core competency factors and to search for the application of core competencies in the in-service technology teachers education. This study was conducted by literature review, expert validation, and needs assessment method. The survey was conducted by 92 low-carrier technology teachers who participated in in-service technology teachers education for upgrading to first grade teacher certificate. Data were analyzed the factor analysis, needs assessment, and IPA analysis using SPSS 24. The core competencies with high education needs were selected by the score of the Borich formula and the IPA analysis. As a result of the study, 29 factors of core competencies were chosen as the priority: challenge, planning ability, decision making ability, future orientation, intellectual property utilization ability, communication ability, and creative thinking etc. Based on the conclusions of this study, I would suggest the following. It is to create a new in-service education program reflected on core competencies that have high educational needs of low-carrier technology teachers. In addition, a strategy that reflects core competencies methodically in existing in-service teachers education program is needed. Future research should be followed by research on curriculum design to enhance high needed core competencies of low-carrier technology teachers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2006

In this paper, we designed radio data transceiver to control the machine or equipments for automation in local areas. The designed module can transmit data with 153.6Kbps and uses 424MHz RF carrier to transmit data in the ISM band regulation. It has a processor, CPLD chip of the Altera Company, to control the data in transmitting and receiving. The processor is implemented by programming with VHDL. We will make this module with compact in dimension and higher data rate and apply to RFID technology.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 2010

The problem of compressed sensing (CS) based multiple access is studied under the assumption of random data traffic. In many multiple access systems, i.e., wireless sensor networks (WSNs), data arrival is random due to the bursty data traffic for every transmitter. Following the recently developed CS methodology, the technique of compressing the transmitter identities into data transmissions is proposed, such that it is unnecessary for a transmitter to inform the base station its identity and its request to transmit. The proposed compressed multiple access scheme identifies transmitters and recovers data symbols jointly. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, compared with traditional multiple access approaches like carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), the proposed CS based scheme achieves better expectation and variance of packet delays when the traffic load is not too small.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

This paper propose a transmission method for "Transportation system" that can decide precise position under wide area road traffic environment. For precise position detecting, central station collect multiple receiver station's satellite navigation data and generate correction information. In this process, we need efficient real time transmission method for satellite navigation message that has variable data size. We propose real time data transmission method. This real time transmission method offer efficient processing structure for multiple receiver station's satellite navigation message. This paper explains proposed real time transmission method and proofs this transmission method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.10
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• pp.8-17
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• 1995

Recently, in a variety of the application fields, it is interested in GPS receiver as the use of GPS(Global Positioning System) is increased. In this paer, we propose that a type of new receiver of a simple structure as GPS data receiver. This proposed receiver consists of RF stage, local C/A(Coarse/Acquisition) code generator, C/A code correlator, data demodulator and microprocessor controller as a GPS single channel data receiver using the L1 carrier . It is confirmed that the proposed receiver operates well as GPS raw data receiver through experiment.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1048-1063
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• 2020

In this study, we propose a reinforcement learning agent to control the data transmission rates of nodes in carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)-based wireless networks. We design a reinforcement learning (RL) agent, based on Q-learning. The agent learns the environment using the timeout events of packets, which are locally available in data sending nodes. The agent selects actions to control the data transmission rates of nodes that adjust the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) levels of the data packets to utilize the available bandwidth in dynamically changing channel conditions effectively. We use the ns3-gym framework to simulate RL and investigate the effects of the parameters of Q-learning on the performance of the RL agent. The simulation results indicate that the proposed RL agent adequately adjusts the MCS levels according to the changes in the network, and achieves a high throughput comparable to those of the existing data transmission rate adaptation schemes such as Minstrel.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2010

Currently, in vitro suspension tests using tubes are used as a authorized test method for sanitizers and disinfectants. However, the methods could not accurately assess the efficacy of sanitizers and disinfectant on the food-contacted surfaces in the field. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 5 kinds of representative sanitizers and disinfectants against E. coli and S. aureus to compare three quantitative surface testing methods that have been internationally standardized. As a result, the ASTM E2111-05 (ASTM(1)) test method obtained 5.18 $\pm$ 0.03 and 5.27 $\pm$ 0.04 log cfu/carrier reduction in dealing with E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, the ASTM E2197-02 (ASTM(2)) test method obtained 4.63 $\pm$ 0.04 and 3.97 $\pm$ 0.03 log cfu/carrier reduction and the CEN EN 13697 test method should 6.14 $\pm$ 0.05 and 5.31 $\pm$ 0.10 log cfu/carrier reduction in clean condition (CEN(1)) but 4.37 $\pm$ 0.02 and 4.06 $\pm$ 0.01 log cfu/carrier reduction in dirty condition (CEN(2)). Among them, CEN(1) showed the highest bactericidal effects, whereas ASTM(2) and CEN(2) revealed low performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the bactericidal effects of the ASTM(2) method and the CEN EN 13697 method adopting stainless steel were lower than the ASTM(1) method, which uses glass. The effectiveness assessment results among nationally accredited test methods were different each other. This implies that they could not fit for in the accurate evaluation of sanitization and disinfection on food-contact surfaces in practical food-processing fields. These results could be used as a basic data for establishment of an official surface test methods applicable in the field.