• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2024

Deep learning (DL) offers promising performance in computer vision tasks and is highly suitable for dental image recognition and analysis. We evaluated the accuracy of DL algorithms in identifying and classifying dental implant systems (DISs) using dental imaging. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explored the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases and identified studies published between January 2011 and March 2022. Studies conducted on DL approaches for DIS identification or classification were included, and the accuracy of the DL models was evaluated using panoramic and periapical radiographic images. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using QUADAS-2. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRDCRD42022309624). From 1,293 identified records, 9 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The DL-based implant classification accuracy was no less than 70.75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.6%-75.9%) and no higher than 98.19 (95% CI, 97.8%-98.5%). The weighted accuracy was calculated, and the pooled sample size was 46,645, with an overall accuracy of 92.16% (95% CI, 90.8%-93.5%). The risk of bias and applicability concerns were judged as high for most studies, mainly regarding data selection and reference standards. DL models showed high accuracy in identifying and classifying DISs using panoramic and periapical radiographic images. Therefore, DL models are promising prospects for use as decision aids and decision-making tools; however, there are limitations with respect to their application in actual clinical practice.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.745-752
• /
• 2024

A method for gamma/neutron event classification based on frequency-domain analysis for mixed radiation environments is proposed. In contrast to the traditional charge comparison method for pulse-shape discrimination, which requires baseline removal and pulse alignment, our method does not need any preprocessing of the digitized data, apart from removing saturated traces in sporadic pile-up scenarios. It also features the identification of neutron events in the detector's full energy range with a single device, from thermal neutrons to fast neutrons, including low-energy pulses, and still provides a superior figure-of-merit for classification. The proposed frequency-domain analysis consists of computing the fast Fourier transform of a triggered trace and integrating it through a simplified version of the transform magnitude components that distinguish the neutron features from those of the gamma photons. Owing to this simplification, the proposed method may be easily ported to a real-time embedded deployment based on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays or Digital Signal Processors. We target an off-the-shelf detector based on a small CLYC (Cs2LiYCl6:Ce) crystal coupled to a silicon photomultiplier with an integrated bias and preamplifier, aiming at lightweight embedded mixed radiation monitors and dosimeter applications.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2024

최근 여러 산업 분야에서 음원 위치 추정의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 기존 음원 위치 추정 방법들 중에서, 음향인텐시티 계측법은 작은 마이크로폰 어레이에서도 높은 정확도를 가지는 장점이 있다. 그러나, 높은 헬름홀츠 수에서의 위치 추정 오차 증가는 이 방법의 한계로 지적되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 헬름홀츠 수에 따른 인텐시티 편향 오차를 딥러닝을 통해 보상하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 정사면체 마이크로폰 어레이에서 헬름홀츠 수에 대해 측정된 음향인텐시티 벡터를 입력했을 때, 보상된 음향 인텐시티 벡터를 도출하는 밀집 층 기반의 딥러닝 모델을 적용하여 정확한 음원 위치의 추정을 가능케 한다. 본 연구의 제안 모델은, 0.1 < kd < 3.0의 모든 음원 방향에 대한 시뮬레이션 데이터를 기반으로 검증하였다. 이를 통해, 딥러닝 기반 접근 방식은 음향 인텐시티 벡터 기반의 음원 추정법을 적용하는데 있어서 측정 주파수 범위를 확장하고 다양한 크기를 갖는 마이크로폰 어레이에 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권12호
• /
• pp.4576-4582
• /
• 2023

The Korea retrospective dosimetry (KREDOS)-electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) group undertook an intercomparison investigation utilizing hydroxyapatite. This analysis involved four institutions: the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korean Association for Radiation Application, and Radiation Health Institute of Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power. Following the irradiation of the hydroxyapatite sample, the recorded build-up was analyzed. To validate the reliability of the EPR dosimetry findings and enhance its operational performance, a hydroxyapatite dose-response curve was plotted and dosimetry was performed for a blind sample. The proficiency of each laboratory was assessed by employing an interlaboratory comparison methodology. This involved a comparative analysis of the measurement results by calculating the relative bias, z-score, and En value. The results submitted by the participating laboratories demonstrated satisfactory ratings for doses of 1.006, 3.999, and 6.993 Gy. Following the second intercomparison, efforts to optimize their hydroxyapatite-EPR dosimetry systems are underway in the participating laboratories. The current assessment of hydroxyapatite dose yielded the foundational data required to establish the parameters of dental dosimetry. In future, the third intercomparison experiment will be conducted for exploring other materials.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.713-722
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 인공지능(AI) 기술의 발전이 저널리즘 분야에 가져온 혁신과 변화를 조명하고, 이로 인해 발생하는 주요 윤리적 쟁점들을 검토하여, 저널리즘 분야에서 AI의 활용성을 논의한다. 블룸버그, 가디언, 월스트리트저널(WSJ), 워싱턴포스트(WP), 뉴욕타임즈(NYT) 등 전 세계 언론 및 방송사들은 취재 데이터 분석, 기사문장 생성, 뉴스제작에 이르기까지 다양한 방면에서 AI를 적극 활용 중이다. 이에 본 논문은 국내외 주요 미디어AI 서비스 유형과 특징을 속도와 규모, 다양성, 가치향상, 정확성 측면에서 종합적으로 분석하여 AI 저널리즘의 영향력과 발전 가능성을 평가한다. 나아가 균형 잡힌 시각을 유지하며 AI 도입의 기술적, 경영적, 법적 주요 쟁점들을 파악하고, 알고리즘 편향과 필터버블 등 첨단기술의 발전이 저널리즘 영역에 가져오는 도전을 체계적으로 준비하고자 한다. 마지막으로 AI와 미디어 산업의 상호지향적인 발전 방향을 모색하기 위해 사회적 합의를 통한 전향적 AI리터러시 원칙과 윤리적 가이드라인 개선의 필요성을 제언하며, 저널리즘의 본질적 가치와 임무를 조망한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제33권7호
• /
• pp.453-462
• /
• 2024

This study was carried out for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate taper equation for the actual stands of Pinus thunbergii in the southern coastal region of Korea and then developing a stem volume table to provide basic data for rational management. To develop a volume table of Pinus thunbergii in this region of Korea, 59 sample trees with various diameter distributions were selected and stem analysis was performed. As a result of stem analysis, two trees with abnormal diameter and height growth as the age increased were rejected, and 57 trees were analyzed. To develop the taper equation, seven major variable exponential equations were used, including Kozak 1988, 1994, 2001, 2002, Bi 2000, Muhairwe 1999, and Sharma and Parton 2009. As a result of parameter estimation and statistical verification, the Kozak 1988 model showed the highest goodness of fit with Fit I (Fit Index), RMSE 1.5620, Bias 0.0031, and MAD 1.0784. The diameter of each 10cm stem ridge for the selected model was estimated, and a stem volume table was produced using the mensuration of division (end area formula) using the Smalian equation. As a result of two-sample T-test for volume table of this study and current yield table, the volume for this study was found to be significantly larger at all observation points (p < 0.001). Even for the same tree species, it is judged that differentiated volume tables are needed for each growth environment characteristic.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2024

The exocrine part of the pancreas has a duct system called the pancreatic ductal system (PDS). Its mechanism of development is complex, and any reorganization during early embryogenesis can give rise to anatomical variants. The aim of this study is to collect, classify, and analyze published evidence on the importance of anatomical variants of the PDS, addressing gaps in our understanding of such variations. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify publications relevant to this review. R studio with meta-package was used for data extraction, risk of bias estimation, and statistical analysis. A total of 64 studies out of 1,778 proved suitable for this review and metanalysis. The meta-analysis computed the prevalence of normal variants of the PDS (92% of 10,514 subjects). Type 3 variants and "descending" subtypes of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) predominated in the pooled samples. The mean lengths of the MPD and accessory pancreatic duct (APD) were 16.53 cm and 3.36 cm, respectively. The mean diameters of the MPD at the head and the APD were 3.43 mm and 1.69 mm, respectively. The APD was present in only 41% of samples, and the long type predominated. The pancreatic ductal anatomy is highly variable, and the incorrect identification of variants may be challenging for surgeons during ductal anastomosis with gut, failure to which may often cause ductal obstruction or pseudocysts formation.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2024

Objectives This study aims to establish a protocol for a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy (MT) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods We will conduct a search for relevant randomized controlled trials using seven databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The study includes patients with OSA treated with MT. Comparators include all other treatments excluding MT. The primary outcome is the apnea-hypopnea index; secondary outcomes include mean peripheral oxygen saturation, snoring index, quality of sleep, quality of life, peak nasal inspiratory flow, and adverse events. Results Two independent researchers will select studies based on inclusion criteria and extract necessary data. Risk of bias (RoB) will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Meta-analysis will be conducted if there are two or more studies with the same outcome measure; otherwise, a qualitative analysis will be performed. Subgroup analysis will be conducted based on the type of MT, and evidence certainty will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Conclusions This study will evaluate the effect of MT on OSA. By systematically reviewing various MTs, it aims to refine application methods in clinical practice and provide a foundation for future research.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2024

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been a remarkable advancement. However, the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of these vaccines in individuals with liver cirrhosis require careful evaluation due to their compromised immune status and potential interactions with underlying liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in liver cirrhosis patients. In the present study, we searched international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The search strategy was carried out by using keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. STATA ver. 15.0 (Stata Corp., USA) was used to analyze the data statistically. The analysis was performed using the randomeffects model. We also used the chi-square test and I² index to calculate heterogeneity among studies. For evaluating publication bias, Begg's funnel plots and Egger's tests were used. A total of 4,831 liver cirrhosis patients with COVID-19 were examined from 11 studies. The rate of hospitalization in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9%-44%). The rate of fever in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 4.5% (95% CI, 0.9%-8.1%). The rate of positive neutralizing antibodies in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 82.5% (95% CI, 69.8%-95.1%). Also, the rates of seroconversion after the second vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis and the control group were 96.6% (95% CI, 92.0%-99.0%), and 99.7% (95% CI, 99.0%-100.0%), respectively. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated promising efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety profiles in individuals with liver cirrhosis, providing crucial protection against COVID-19-related complications.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.42-53
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Conduct a systematic review of case reports and case series regarding the development of acute abdomen following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, to describe the possible association and the clinical and demographic characteristics in detail. Materials and Methods: This study included case report studies and case series that focused on the development of acute abdomen following COVID-19 vaccination. Systematic review studies, literature, letters to the editor, brief comments, and so forth were excluded. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched until June 15, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the study. Descriptive data were presented as frequency, median, mean, and standard deviation. Results: Seventeen clinical case studies were identified, evaluating 17 patients with acute abdomen associated with COVID-19 vaccination, which included acute appendicitis (n=3), acute pancreatitis (n=9), diverticulitis (n=1), cholecystitis (n=2), and colitis (n=2). The COVID-19 vaccine most commonly linked to acute abdomen was Pfizer-BioNTech (messenger RNA), accounting for 64.71% of cases. Acute abdomen predominantly occurred after the first vaccine dose (52.94%). All patients responded objectively to medical (88.34%) and surgical (11.76%) treatment and were discharged within a few weeks. No cases of death were reported. Conclusion: Acute abdomen is a rare complication of great interest in the medical and surgical practice of COVID-19 vaccination. Our study is based on a small sample of patients; therefore, it is recommended to conduct future observational studies to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association.