• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2009

This paper has presented the subthreshold current model of FinFET using the potential variation in the doped channel based on the analytical solution of three dimensional Poisson's equation. The model has been verified by the comparison with the data from 3D numerical device simulator. The variation of subthreshold current with front and back gate bias has been studied. The variation of subthreshold swing and threshold voltage with front and back gate bias has been investigated.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1994

In the steady-state simulation, it is important to identify initialization bias for the correct estimates of the simulation model under study. In this paper, the methods from chaos theory are applied to the determination of truncation points in the simulation data for controlling the initial bias. Two methods are proposed and evaluated based on their effectiveness for estimation the average waiting time in M/M/1($\infty$) queueing model.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1996

This paper proposes a sequential procedure which can be used to determine a truncation point and run length to reduce or remove bias owing to artificial startup conditions in simulations aimed at estimating steady-state behavior. It is based on the idea of Lyapunov exponent in chaos theory. The performance measures considered are relative bias, coverage, estimated relative half-width of the confidence interval, and mean amount of deleted data.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1148-1155
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• 2020

This work presents two different methods for quantifying and propagating the uncertainty associated with fuel composition at end of life for cask criticality calculations. The first approach, the computational approach uses parametric uncertainty including those associated with nuclear data, fuel geometry, material composition, and plant operation to perform forward depletion on Monte-Carlo sampled inputs. These uncertainties are based on experimental and prior experience in criticality safety. The second approach, the data-driven approach relies on using radiochemcial assay data to derive code bias information. The code bias data is used to perturb the isotopic inventory in the data-driven approach. For both approaches, the uncertainty in k_eff for the cask is propagated by performing forward criticality calculations on sampled inputs using the distributions obtained from each approach. It is found that the data driven approach yielded a higher uncertainty than the computational approach by about 500 pcm. An exploration is also done to see if considering correlation between isotopes at end of life affects k_eff uncertainty, and the results demonstrate an effect of about 100 pcm.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.253-266
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• 1999

ADEOS/IMG로 관측한 온도, 수증기, 오존의 분포를 1997년 (a)1월 10일, (b)1월 28일, (c)4월 2일, (d)6월 19일에 대하여 오산과 포항의 존데 관측 자료와 비교하였다. 전반적으로 오산의 자료와 비교한 (b)와 (d)의 경우는 대체로 존데 자료에 근접하였지만 포항의 자료와 비교한 (a)과 (c)의 경우는 상당한 차이를 보였다. 예를 들면 (b)와 (d)의 경우에 온도에 대한 RMSE 와 편의 분석 결과는 700~300 hPa 에서는 약 1~4 K, 그 이상의 고도에서는 4~5 K 이상의 편의를 나타내는데, 이것은 존데에 의한 관측 자료의 신뢰성 수준에 대한 논의도 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. 오존 분포에 대하여 동일한 분석을 시행한 레벨 2 5_6_4_4 버전의 결과는 50~60 hPa 이상의 상층을 제외하고는 그 차이가 0.3 ppmv 이하로 나타났다. 1997년 6월 19일에 한반도 상공의 5개 지점에서 관측한 IMG 자료중 레벨 2 5_6_4_4 버전의 결과는 온도, $H_2O$, $O_3$, CO의 연직 분포와는 달리 $CO_2$, $N_2$O, CH$_4$, HNO$_3$의 연직 분포는 관측지점이 달라짐에 따라 최대 농도가 나타나는 고도를 중심으로 그 차이가 크게 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2021

본 연구는 LiDAR 센서의 산림자원조사 적용성 검토를 위하여 제주 절물자연휴양림을 대상으로 삼나무의 개체목 탐지, 흉고직경과 수고를 측정하여 전통적인 산림자원조사와 정확성과 효율성을 비교·분석하였다. 백팩형 지상라이다(Backpack Personal Laser Scanning; BPLS)는 Greenvalley International 사(社)의 Model D50을 사용하였다. 최적의 데이터 수집을 위하여 표준지의 밀도와 작업 효율성을 고려한 LiDAR스캔의 표본추출방법을 7가지로 구분하였다. 분석은 개체목 변수 측정의 정확성을 파악하고 요소작업별 시간과 전체 분석시간을 조사하여 효율성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 백팩형 지상라이다를 이용한 입목 탐지율은 모든 패턴이 100%로 나타났다. 정확성은 패턴5(흉고직경: RMSE: 1.07 cm, Bias: -0.79 cm, 수고: RMSE: 0.95 m, Bias: -3.2 m)와 패턴7(흉고직경: RMSE: 1.18 cm, Bias: -0.82 cm, 수고: RMSE 1.13 m, Bias: -2.62 m)이 현장조사 방법으로 얻은 결과와 비교하였을 때 통계적 정확성이 높은 결과를 보였다. BPLS와 현장조사를 이용하여 1 ha의 데이터를 처리하는데 걸린 시간을 환산한 결과 BPLS는 약 115분~135분이 소요되며, 현장조사방법은 375분~1,115분으로 BPLS를 이용한 방법이 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 하층식생이 적고 비교적 관리가 잘 된 인공 침엽수림에서는 BPLS 장비를 활용하여 효율적인 산림자원조사가 가능하며, 앞으로 다양한 임분 조건에서 적용 가능성을 분석할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2018

본 연구는 중국 남자 대학생들의 에이즈 지식, 자아존중감, 자기통제감, 에이즈에 대한 낙관적 편견, 콘돔 사용의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 중국 두 개 성(省) 도시의 종합대학교의 1학년부터 4학년에 재학 중인 남학생 307명을 편의표집하여 빈도분석과 기술통계량, ANOVA, Pearson 상관관계로 분석하였다. 중국 남자 대학생들의 에이즈 감염에 대한 낙관적 편견이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 에이즈 지식 점수는 73점이었다. 자아존중감, 자기통제감 점수도 각각 중간값 보다 높게 나타났다. 학년과 연령에 따른 집단 간 분석에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구에서 자아존중감, 자기통제감, 에이즈에 대한 낙관적 편견은 정적 상관관계를 보였고, 에이즈 지식, 낙관적 편견, 콘돔 사용의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 차후 중국 문화의 맥락 안에서 콘돔 사용에 영향을 미치는 심리적 변수에 대한 다양한 집단의 반복 연구가 필요하다.

• 대기
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.491-502
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• 2014

As a part of the KIAPS (Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems) Package for Observation Processing (KPOP), we have developed the modules for Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) pre-processing and its bias correction. The KPOP system calculates the airmass bias correction coefficients via the method of multiple linear regression in which the scan-corrected innovation and the thicknesses of 850~300, 200~50, 50~5, and 10~1 hPa are respectively used for dependent and independent variables. Among the four airmass predictors, the multicollinearity has been shown by the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) that quantifies the severity of multicollinearity in a least square regression. To resolve the multicollinearity, we adopted simple linear regression and Principal Component Regression (PCR) to calculate the airmass bias correction coefficients and compared the results with those from the multiple linear regression. The analysis shows that the order of performances is multiple linear, principal component, and simple linear regressions. For bias correction for the AMSU-A channel 4 which is the most sensitive to the lower troposphere, the multiple linear regression with all four airmass predictors is superior to the simple linear regression with one airmass predictor of 850~300 hPa. The results of PCR with 95% accumulated variances accounted for eigenvalues showed the similar results of the multiple linear regression.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

The performance of a modeling system consisting of WRF model v3.3 and CMAQ model v4.7.1 for forecasting $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were evaluated during the period May 2012 through December 2014. Twenty-four hour averages of $PM_{2.5}$ and its major components obtained through filter sampling at the Bulgwang intensive measurement station were used for comparison. The mean predicted $PM_{2.5}$ concentration over the entire period was 68% of the mean measured value. Predicted concentrations for major components were underestimated except for $NO_3{^-}$. The model performance for $PM_{2.5}$ generally tended to degrade with increasing the concentration level. However, the mean fractional bias (MFB) for high concentration above the $80^{th}$ percentile fell within the criteria, the level of accuracy acceptable for standard model applications. Among three bias correction methods, the ratio adjustment was generally most effective in improving the performance. Albeit for limited test conditions, this analysis demonstrated that the effects of bias correction were larger when using the data with a larger bias of predicted values from measurement values.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.436-436
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• 2011

Recently, spintronic devices with submicron structures are widely investigated to take advantage of their unique micromagnetic properties. In this work, we study the temperature dependence of exchange bias in bilayer anti-dot arrays made by depositing Co (40 nm)/Ni (5 nm) ferromagnetic bilayer on Si substrate to form anti-dot arrays with a diameter $1{\mu}m$. The anti-dot patterning was done only for the upper Co layer, while the Ni underlayer was kept unperforated. The temperature dependences of magnetoresistance (MR) and exchange bias were studied along magnetic easy and hard axes. The in-plane MR measurements were performed using a physical-property measurement system (PPMS ; Quantum Design Inc.) at various temperatures. The standard in-line four-point probe configuration was used for the electrical contacts. As temperature was varied, the MR data were obtained in which in-plane field (H=3 kOe) was applied in the directions along the hard and the easy axes with respect to the lattice plane. The temperature dependences of magnetic anisotropy and exchange bias were also studied along the magnetic easy and hard axes. As temperature decreases, the single peak splits into two peaks. While no exchange bias was observed along the magnetic easy axis, the exchange bias field steadily increased with decreasing temperature along the magnetic hard axis. These results were interpreted in connection with the magnetic anisotropy and the effect of the anti-dots in pinning domain wall motion along the respective direction.