• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-145
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• 2022

The current study applied the random forest algorithm to Korean crime victim survey data collected biennially between 2010 and 2018 to explore the relationship between crime/victim characteristics and the victim's criminal damages. A total of 3,080 cases including gender, age (life cycle stage), type of crime, perpetrator acquisition, repeated victimization, psychological damage (depression, isolation, extreme fear, somatic symptoms, interpersonal problems, moving out to avoid people, suicidal impulses, suicide attempts), and emotional changes after victimization (changes in self-protection confidence, self-esteem, confidence in others, confidence in legal institutions, and respect for Korean legal system/law) were analyzed. Considering the features of data that are difficult to apply traditional statistical techniques, this study implemented random forest algorithms to predict crime and victim characteristics using the victim's criminal damages (psychological damage and emotional change) and selected good predictors using VSURF function in VSURF package for R. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the relationship between the type of crime and depression, extreme fear, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal problems, between perpetrator acquisition and somatic symptoms and interpersonal problems, and between repeated victimization and changes in respect for Korean legal system/law. Gender and life cycle stage (youth/adult/elderly) were found to be related to extreme fear and changes in self-protection confidence, respectively. However, more empirical evidence should be aggregated to explain the results as meaningful. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to enhance the experts' knowledge and educate them on cases about the relationship between crime/victim characteristics and criminal damage. Strengthening their interview strategy and knowledge about law/rules were also needed to increase the effectiveness of the Korean victim assessment system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.983-989
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• 2021

In this study, we intend to evaluate image quality and provide to clinical basic data by applying to 2D TSE (RT) and 3D GRASE (BH) techniques using Fast MRCP testing methods for application to patients in poor patient condition. Data were analyzed for 30 patients (15 males, 15 females, and 64±4.26 average age) who underwent MRCP tests. The equipment used was Ingenia CX 3.0 T equipment and Ds anterior coil was used for data acquisition. SNR and CNR of each image were measured through quantitative analysis, and the quality of the image was evaluated by dividing it into 5 grades for qualitative evaluation. The image evaluation was performed on the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon test, and when the p value was 0.05 or less, it was considered to be significant. As a result of quantitative analysis of SNR and CNR, 3D GRASE (BH) was measured high when comparing the two techniques, 2D TSE (RT) MRCP and 3D GRASE (BH) (p<0.05). The qualitative analysis result is a sharpness of the bile duct: 3D GRASE(BH): 4.12±0.03, Overall image quality: 3D GRASE(BH): 4.21±0.91 was high (p=0.001). The motion artifact of the bile duct showed no significant difference with two techniques(2D TSE(RT): 4.41±0.04, 3D GRASE(BH): 4.53±0.14(p=0.067). However, the background suppression obtained significant results with 2D TSE(RT) of 4.14±0.55(p=0.001). In conclusion, as a result of using the Fast MRCP testing method, MRCP images obtained by 3D GRASE (BH) had an advantage over MRCP images using 2D TSE (RT). However, there will be useful results of 2D TSE(RT) MRCP technique in patients who have difficulty holding their breath.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.402-413
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• 2016

Marine oil spill accidents are occurring continuously due to the marine transportation of the oil. While building a preventive system for oil spill is uttermost necessary, we also need to have a systematic response system to handle the oil spills that inevitably occur. So far, studies have focused on the environmentally sensitive resources affected by oil spills. However, there is a need to conduct research to evaluate the damage to the socially and economically sensitive resources that make up the life of local residents. This study represents the process of building an analytical framework for the assessment of socioeconomic resources affected by marine oil spills. While it is important to provide a scheme for identification and indexation of socially and economically sensitive resources that is compatible with Korea's situations, using existing data for identifying socio-economically sensitive resources might also be meaningful. However, to allow accurate analysis for better evaluation, we need to select more applicable data among the various indicators. In this research, we have reviewed many existing case studies of sensitive resources, studies of the variables that have been used for indexing sensitive resources, and various factors considered in SIA (Social Impact Assessment). Based on the findings, we classify socio-economically sensitive resources into marine products acquisition, population, land usage, administrative area, and cultural heritage and tourist region.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.98-125
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• 2015

This study will show the determinants of research productivity by fields in science and engineering. However, we present the differences between fields by personal attributes, research resources, and research productivities. The data includes 1,383 researchers who participated in the BK21 PLUS program during 2010-2012. The fields are physics, chemistry, biology, mechanics, electricity and electronics and chemical engineering. As for research productivity, 3 indices are used such as the number of papers publicized, patents and combination of papers and patents. As for explanation factors, two kinds of variables are used. The personal factors include sex, age, academic rank, location of affiliation, and country of PhD acquisition, and the resource factors are the number of graduate students, 3 types of research funds such as government fund, industrial fund and overseas fund. This study is unique in several aspects; Dealing with 3 productivity indices, and using massive official data, 6 different fields, and determinants of research productivity. The results are as follows; 1) there is a big difference in determinants by fields. 2) No variables affect the research productivity of all the fields at the same time. 3) In science, the number of determinants are quite low than engineering. 4) The ratio between papers and patents are different by fields. 5) The correlations between paper and patent by fields are different; no relationship in the field of physics and chemistry and positive relationship in the other 4 fields.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

Recently 3D surveying is recommended to manage underground facilities systematically before refilling of site operation. As the demand of realtime localization increases, cost reduction and consistent data construction which are realizable by using one man surveying method with unmanned target, are necessary for constructing DB of all sorts of the underground facilities with more speediness and correctness. This study sets a goal to develop a new type of surveying target which allows realtime localization to be performed by one man, through making an optimum reflector(triangle, quadrangle, and semispherical shape) by using the retro-reflection principle of optical prism which is being used for surveying currently. The new surveying target makes realtime surveying possible. To check reliability of its data, the accuracy is compared with surveying coordination of total station for each type in a quantitative method. In the result, the usefulness of the reflector for Underground Facilities localization is proved. Thus the foundation for underground DB construction conducted by one man is established for acquisition of 3D location information in more efficient way through using unmanned target.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.264-275
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to develop a smoking preventive education program for elementary students and evaluate it's effectiveness. This study was a quasi experimental study under the nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 62 who are attending elementary school(31 for each group), 2 different district elementary school. The subjects were matched by grade, similar in anti-smoking educational background of smoking, as well as their residence and income level of their families. The instruments used in this study was 18 criterion referenced test items modeled by Dick & Carey that were developed by researchers for evaluating the subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking. A pretest was administered a week before treatment The program given to the experimental group is composed of the texts explaining the poisonous substances in tobacco, social and cultural harmfulness of smoking to the body and psychology, indirect smoking, smoking of pregnant women, motives of smoking, refusal skills of smoking; and for the subjects' understanding and the better results of study - pictures, role play, discussion, text through computer based multi-media, puzzle searching for hidden pictures, cross-word puzzle, and finally compensation. The data were collected for 50 days form mid- September to the end of October in the year of 2000, composed of formative evaluation, pre-test and summative evaluation via 2 sessions. Accordingly, the collected data were analysed by t-test, paired t-test, repeated measure ANOVA by the SAS program. This research summarize the findings as follows; 1. There was a significant difference in knowledge between the experimental group(after 1 wks t=10.4680, p=.0001; after 4 wks t= 9.310, p=.0001) and control group(after 1 wks t=0.0420, p= .9669; after 4 wks t= -0.378 p=.7079) in between the results of 1 and 4 week after education in summative evaluation (F=27.45, P=.0001). 2. There was non statistical significant difference in attitude between the experimental group (after 1 wks t=1.2292, p=0.2286 ; after 4 wks t=1.330, p=0.1935) and control group (after 1 wks t=0.1819, p=0.8569 ; after 4 wks t=0.2970, p=0.7685) in between the results of 1 and 4 week after education in summative evaluation(F=0.71, P=0.494). To sum up, the statistics of conclusive analysis evaluative for the children under school age of the 'knowledge acquisition' about smoking harmfulness. On the other hand, as there was already sound attitude about smoking, the evaluation of attitude was non significant difference between control group and experimental group, just there was partially significant difference.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2005

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of acoustic noise attenuator on auditory fMRI examination. Materials and methods : The acoustic noise attenuator consists of mask, earmuff and silicon earplug. The soft polyurethane sheet and polyurethane form , which has a good soundproof characteristic were used for mask and earmuff. Auditory fMRI experiments of 500 Hz pure tone stimulation were performed in three different cases; first all of mask, earmuff and earplug, secondly earmuff and earplug only and finally without attenuator in 4 normal hearing volunteers. For data acquisition, BOLD MR imaging technique was employed at a 1.5T MR scanner equipped with high performance gradient system. The raw data were analyzed using a SPM-99 analysis software and the activation maps were obtained. Results : In case of all items of acoustic attenuator used, the results revealed that activation was focused on primary auditory area. When only earmuff and earplug were used, the results showed that the activation spread over primary auditory and secondary associative areas. Last, when no device used, only weak activation was observed on the right auditory cortex. Conclusion : It is expected that the acoustic noise attenuator, which consists of earplugs, earmuffs and mask, is a very useful device in auditory fMRI study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.555-564
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• 2017

The current radiation risk assessment for occupational exposure is based on the measured exposure dose and health checkups of workers. This people-centered risk assessment may occur errors because absence of using personal dosimeter or unrelated health symptoms of individuals lead to difficulties in obtaining accurate data from workers. In addition, although the established legal upper dose limit was used as a reference for the assessment, it does not imply that this limit is the optimal dose of radiation workers should get; ALARA principle should always be appreciated. Therefore, a new risk assessment model that can take account of all the important factors and implement optimization of radiation protection is required at the national level. In this paper, based on the KOSHA Risk Assessment, we studied on the workplace-centered risk assessment model for radiation field rather than the people-centered. The result of the study derived a right model for radiation field through the analysis of the risk assessment methods in various fields and also found data acquisition methods and procedures for applying to the model. Multidimensional model centering on the workplace will enables more accurate radiation risk assessment by using a risk index and radar plot, and consequently contribute to the efficient worker management, preemptive worker protection and implementation of optimization of radiation protection.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Recently, a method that applies laser scanning (LS) that acquires vegetation information such as the vegetation habitat area and the size of vegetation in a point cloud format has been proposed. When LS is used to investigate the physical shape of vegetation, it has the advantage of more accurate and rapid information acquisition. However, to examine uncertainties that may arise during measurement or post-processing, the process of adjusting the data by the actual data is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the physical structure of stems, branches, and leaves of woody vegetation in an artificially formed river channel was manually investigated. The obtained results then compared with the information acquired using the three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning (3D TLS) method, which repeatedly scanned the target vegetation in various directions to obtain relevant information with improved precision. The analysis demonstrated a negligible difference between the measurements for the diameters of vegetation and the length of stems; however, in the case of branch length measurement, a relatively more significant difference was observed. It is because the implementation of point cloud information limits the precise differentiation between branches and leaves in the canopy area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.393-398
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• 2004

It is transformed map data of different coordinate system into unique system and We triedto make topographic map on non-accessible area. We transformed Russian map coordinates(Krassovsky, G-K projection) intoWGS-84, TM projection and assessed accuracy. The RMSE(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$13.67m, in North and South bearings ： ${\pm}$14.67m) using only SCP(Survey Control Point) is more accurate than that(in East and West bearings ： ${\pm}$24.26m, in North and South bearings : ${\pm}$25.32m) using SCP, intersection of road, bridge. Exterior orientation parameters are estimated using rigorous modelling and GCPs are classified with SCP, intersection of road, bridge. Rigorous modelling is performed with each classified GCP. The modelling result usingonly SCP(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$13.53m, in North and South bearings ： ${\pm}$14.22m) is more accurate than that using intersection of road(in East and West bearings ： ${\pm}$16.l1m, in North and South bearings： ${\pm}$23.85m), bridge(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$17.21m, in North and South bearings : ${\pm}$21.82m). The results means that SCP is more accurate than intersection of road, bridge because of edit to generate map. therefore, SCP is suitable for object of GCP in paper map(1:50,000). Geographic information on non-accessible area and analysis is performed. The results of stereoscopic plotting is well matched old map data on road, railroad but, many objects are generally editted. It is possible to update on new objects(building, tributary ‥‥etc). Ability of description using SPOT-5(stereo) is more than features and items included in 1:50,000 topographic map. Therefore, it is possible to make large scale map than 1:50,000 topographic map using SPOT-5 imagery. But, there are many problems(accurate GCPs, obtain of high resolution stereoscopic satellite imagery in a period ‥‥ etc) to make topographic map on non-accessible area. It is actually difficult to solve these problems. therefore, it is possible to update 1:50,000 topographic map in part of topographic map generation.