• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2019

Background: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: This case-control study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cases and controls were identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study cohort and matched for country, birth year, and sex. Diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure values were assigned by country-specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work and occupational exposure to benzene, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromium, and wood dust. Results: Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio - 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.08). Gasoline exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Conclusion: This study showed a small risk increase for rectal cancer after workplace diesel exhaust exposure. However, this finding could be due to chance, given the limitations of the study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1017-1030
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• 2021

Constructed upon Knowledge Management (KM) processes, the current study aims to investigate the interrelationship between Knowledge Sharing (KS) attitude among the faculty members and KM processes in higher education institutes (HEIs) in Pakistan along with the intervening role of subjective norms between KM processes and KS attitude. This research incorporated the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to conceptualize the KS behavior by using a sample frame of 302 academic and administrative staff from research-based HEIs in Quetta, Pakistan. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on permanent faculty members from different universities of Quetta, Pakistan. The finding of the study shows a positive attitude among the researchers. The study empirically examined the interface between KM processes and KS attitude and higher education performance while providing valuable insights into the prevailing literature by investigating the mediating role of subject norms. The impact of subjective norms on KS attitude and KM process indicates the importance and basic determinant in organizational premises and improvement of skills of faculty management in HEIs. The partial mediation also reveals the importance of subjective norms in the development of faculty members' KM and KS attitude process.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-42
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• 2021

Articulated loading platforms (ALPs) belongs to a class of offshore structures known as compliant. ALP motions have time periods falling in the wind excitation frequency range due to their compliant behaviour. This paper deals with the dynamic behavior of a double hinged ALP subjected to low-frequency wind forces with random waves. Nonlinear effects due to variable submergence, fluctuating buoyancy, variable added mass, and hydrodynamic forces are considered in the analysis. The random sea state is characterized by the Pierson-Moskowitz (P-M) spectrum. The wave forces on the submerged elements of the platform's shaft are calculated using Morison's Equation with Airy's linear wave theory ignoring diffraction effects. The fluctuating wind load has been estimated using Ochi and Shin wind velocity spectrum for offshore structures. The nonlinear dynamic equation of motion is solved in the time domain by the Wilson-θ method. The wind-structure interactions, along with the effect of various other parameters on the platform response, are investigated. The effect of offset of aerodynamic center (A.C.) with the center of gravity (C.G.) of platform superstructure has also been investigated. The outcome of the analyses indicates that low-frequency wind forces affect the response of ALP to a large extent, which otherwise is not enhanced in the presence of only waves. The mean wind modifies the mean position of the platform surge response to the positive side, causing an offset. Various power spectral densities (PSDs) under high and moderate sea states show that apart from the significant peak occurring at the two natural frequencies, other prominent peaks also appear at very low frequencies showing the influence of wind on the response.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.721-729
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• 2022

We investigated the ecological characteristics and biomass of white croaker Pennahia argentata population in the South Sea of Korea using catch data from Danish seins fishery and biological data from 2018 to 2020. Survival rate (S), which was estimated using Pauly method (1984) was 0.361 per year, and the instantaneous coefficient of total mortality (Z) was 1.019 per year. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) and that of fishing mortality (F) were estimated as 0.351 and 0.668 per year, respectively. At first capture, age was estimated to be 1.19 years and length at this age was 18.7cm. The annual biomass was estimated with a biomass-based cohort analysis using annual catch data between 1997-2020 in Korean water. The biomass of the white croaker declined sharply from 4,000 tons in 1999 to the lowest level of approximately 1,000 tons in 2004. Post 2004, the biomass started to increase gradually and reached approximately 7,000 tons. The amount of resources was 35.7%, 34.8%, and 16.5% at age one, two, and three years, respectively, and 86.9% of all captured white croaker individuals belonged to the age group of 1-3 years.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1051-1077
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• 2021

The secure communication of information is a major concern over the internet. The information must be protected before transmitting over a communication channel to avoid security violations. In this paper, a new hybrid method called compressed encrypted data embedding (CEDE) is proposed. In CEDE, the secret information is first compressed with Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW) compression algorithm. Then, the compressed secret information is encrypted using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) symmetric block cipher. In the last step, the encrypted information is embedded into an image of size 512 × 512 pixels by using image steganography. In the steganographic technique, the compressed and encrypted secret data bits are divided into pairs of two bits and pixels of the cover image are also arranged in four pairs. The four pairs of secret data are compared with the respective four pairs of each cover pixel which leads to sixteen possibilities of matching in between secret data pairs and pairs of cover pixels. The least significant bits (LSBs) of current and imminent pixels are modified according to the matching case number. The proposed technique provides double-folded security and the results show that stego image carries a high capacity of secret data with adequate peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and lower mean square error (MSE) when compared with existing methods in the literature.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2024

국내 항타 말뚝기초의 경우 대부분 풍화암 이상의 단단한 지층에 선단 지지되는 경우가 대부분이며, 서남해 지역의 연약지반이 깊게 발달한 일부에서 마찰 말뚝(friction pile)이 사용되었으나 시공관리의 불확실성으로 제한적으로 적용되고 그 사례가 많지 않다. 또한 시공과 관련하여 국내의 경우 소음 및 진동 등의 민원문제로 매입 시공이 주를 이루고 있으나, 퇴적지반이 깊은 동남아 국가(캄보디아, 미얀마, 베트남 등) 등에서는 경제성 확보를 위해 항타 시공을 통한 말뚝 시공 비율이 높으며, 그에 따른 시공 및 현장관리 경험이 많이 축적되어 있다. 현재 국내 많은 건설 기업들이 동남아 등 해외 시장 진출 사례가 크게 증가함에 따라, 해당국가에서의 경쟁력 확보를 위해서는 항타시공을 이용한 마찰지지 말뚝 시공사례에 따른 문제점들을 파악하고 현장관리 역량을 강화해야 할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 베트남 중부 연안의 대심도 점토지반에 항타 시공된 마찰지지 강관 말뚝의 동적/정적 재하시험 결과의 비교분석과 이를 토대로 수정된 항타공식을 이용한 강관 말뚝의 시공관리 방안을 제안하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2024

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of once-a-day milk feeding on growth performance and routine behavior of preweaning dairy calves. Methods: At 22nd day of age, twenty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n = 12/treatment) based on milk feeding frequency (MF): i) 3 L of milk feeding two times a day; ii) 6 L of milk feeding once a day. The milk feeding amount was reduced to half for all calves between 56 and 60 days of age and weaning was done at 60 days of age. To determine the increase in weight and structural measurements, each calf was weighed and measured at 3 weeks of age and then at weaning. The daily behavioral activity of each calf was assessed from the 22nd day of age till weaning (60th day of age) through Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek (NEDAP) software providing real-time data through a logger fitted on the calf's foot. Results: There was no interaction (p≥0.17) between MF and sex of the calves for routine behavioral parameters, body weight and structural measurements. Similarly, there was no effect of MF on routine behavioral parameters, body weight and structural measurements. However, the sex of the calves affected body weight gain in calves. Male calves had 27% greater total body weight and average daily gain than female calves. There was no effect of the sex of the calves on behavioral measurements. Collectively, in the current study, no negative effects of a once-a-day milk feeding regimen were found on routine behavioral and growth parameters of preweaning calves in group housing. Conclusion: Once-a-day milk feeding can be safely adopted in preweaning calves from 22nd day of age.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2002

말뚝에 대한 지지력 평가는 재하시험에 의한 결과를 이용하는 것으로부터 정.동력학적 공식등 다양한 방법들이 사용되고 있다 최근의 국내 조사에 의하면 표준관입시험의 N치에 기초한 Meyerhof공식이 설계단계에서 빈번하게 사용되는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 실시된 다수의 정 동재하시험자료를 가지고 말뚝기초 설계에 사용되는 이론식을 실측값과의 비교를 통해 각종 이론식에 의한 말뚝의 허용지지력 추정의 신뢰성을 알아 보고자 하였다 또한, 경시효과를 고려한 경우 말뚝의 지지력에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 연구가 이루어졌다 본 연구를 통해 얻은 주요 결과로는 Davisson 방법을 기준으로 정도를 평가한 결과, Terzaghi & Peck > Chin > Meyerhof > 수정 Meyerhof 방법순으로 기준값에 근접하였으며 동재하시험결과는 항타공식 중 수정 Engineering News 공식이 가장 실측치에 근접한 결과를 주었으나 이는 해머 효율의 불확실성이라든가 변수의 자체특성, 경시효과등이 고려된 경우에는 다른 결과를 줄 수도 있을 것으로 판단되며, 경시효과를 고려한시험 결과 선단지지력에 비해 주면마찰력이 뚜렷하게 증가하였는데 항타시 대비 주면마찰력은 평균 약 2배정도 증가하였고 Engineering News,수정 Engineering News, Hiley, Danish, Gates, CAPWAP 해석시에 대한 7일의 경시효과를 고려한 관계시은 각각 $Q_{u(Restrike)} / Q_{u(EOID)} = 0.98t_{0.1}$ , $0.98t_{0.1}$, $1.17t_{0.1}$, $0.88t_{0.1}$, $0.89t_{0.1}$, $0.97t_{0.1}$.과 같은 결과를 주었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2009

목 적: BCG 림프절염은 BCG 접종 후 생기는 비교적 흔한 이상반응으로 일차 의료기관에서는 진단 및 치료가 잘 이루어지지 않아 2,3차 의료기관으로 의뢰가 많이 되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 단일 기관에서 경험한 BCG 림프절염의 임상적 특징과 치료한 경험을 보고하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2005년 5월부터 2009년 4월까지 만 4년간 고려대학교 의료원 안산병원 소아청소년과 외래에 내원한 환아 중 BCG 림프절염으로 진단된 환아 33명을 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록지를 후향적으로 조사하여 BCG 접종 시기, 접종 의료기관, 균주 등을 확인하였고, 림프절염의 발생 시기, 위치, 크기, 치료 경과 등을 조사하였다. 결 과: 대상 환아 33례중, 남아가 21례(63.6%), 여아가 12례(36.4%)였다. 진단 당시 평균 연령은 6개월이였다. 1례(재태연령 31주)를 제외하고는 모두 정상 만삭아로 출생했다. 접종 시기는 미숙아 1례를 제외하고 모두 생후 1개월 이내였다. 피내용 백신을 접종한 경우가 French 1173 균주 14례(42.4%), Danish 1331 균주 7례(21.2%) 였고, Tokyo 172 균주로 다자경피접종을 한 경우가 12례(36.4%)였다. 접종 의료기관은 보건소가 21례(63.6%)로 가장 많았고, 개인의원 11례(33.3%), 대학병원이 1례(3%)였다. 림프절염은 백신 접종 후 1개월 후부터 34개월까지에 걸쳐 발생하였으며, 6개월 미만이 24례(72.7%)을 차지하였다 좌측 쇄골 상와에 발생한 1례를 제외하고 모두 좌측 액와에 생겼다. 림프절 크기는 23례(69.6%)에서 1 cm 이상 3 cm 미만이였으나 5 cm 이상인 경우도 있었다. 관찰 결과 BCG 림프절염이 발생한 33명 중 16례(48.5%)는 시간이 지나면서 저절로 호전되었고, 3례(9.1%)는 자연 파열되어 배농되었다. 14례(42.4%)는 바늘배농을 시행하였다. 이 중 7례에서 2회의 바늘 배농이 필요했고, 제대로 배농이 안 된 경우 5회까지 시술 후 호전된 환아도 있었다. 치료 기간은 평균 4개월이 걸렸다. 결 론: BCG 접종 후 발생한 림프절염은 시간이 지나면서 저절로 호전되거나, 자연 배농된다. 화농성 림프절염은 일부에서 바늘 배농을 통한 흡인이 필요하였다. 하지만, 호전까지 수개월의 시간과 반복 시술이 필요할 수도 있으므로, BCG 림프절염의 발생을 줄이기 위한 노력과 연구가 계속되어야 하겠다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.819-829
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• 2020

This empirical research is aimed at testing the relationship of the big five personality traits namely openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and risk aversion with the investment intention of individual investors belonging to Balochistan, Pakistan. The primary data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire (a structured form that consists of a series of closed-ended and open-ended questions) from a sample of 397 active individual investors belonging to different districts of the province. The data is empirically analyzed by applying the Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling technique by using the estimation package available in Smart-PLS. The findings of this study suggest that all the variables are statistically significant with investors' investment intention with risk aversion as the strongest predictor. Moreover, openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, and risk are significantly and positively related to an investor's investment intention, whereas neuroticism is negatively related to an investor's investment intention. The results extended by this study can be used by financial planners and investment bankers to channelize the available financial resources in diversified portfolios. The results will help financial planners to make available diverse investment alternatives for investors in Balochistan, thus catering to their unique needs. Academia must offer courses on contemporary finance paradigm based on behavioral finance to enable future business graduates to make wise financial decisions.