• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

본 연구는 한우, 젖소, 돼지, 산란계 HACCP 적용 농장의 분변, 원유 및 사육환경에서 병원성세균 등 분석을 통하여 HACCP 적용 농장의 생물학적 위해 관리 실태를 파악하고자 하고 이를 농장 HACCP 시스템 적용에 관한 기초 연구 자료로 사용하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 미생물 시료는 HACCP을 적용 중인 한우, 젖소, 돼지, 산란계농장의 축사바닥분뇨, 퇴비사, 원유탱크, 집란기, 분변 벨트 등에서 채취 하였으며 축산식품의 생물학적 위해인 Pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella spp. S. aureus 등을 분석하였다. 각 축종별 대장균은 분변에서 100% 검출되었으나 Salmonella spp.는 검출되지 않았다. 또한 젖소농장의 원유 냉각기에서도 S. aurues가 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 돼지농장의 돈사바닥 및 퇴비장에서는 검사건수 30건당 각각 2건, 1건의 Salmonella spp.가 검출되었다. 마찬가지로 산란계농장의 계사바닥 및 분변벨트에서도 전체분석 건수 대비 10~20%의 Salmonella spp.가 검출되었다. 이러한 결과는 문헌상 보고되고 있는 일반축산농가의 병원성세균 관리실태와 간접 비교하였을 경우 HACCP 시스템을 적용중인 축산농가에서의 일반축산농가보다 병원성 세균관리가 더욱 철저히 이루어지고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.423-431
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• 1975

석회수(石灰水)(Limewater)가 낙농세척(酪農洗滌)-살균제(殺菌劑)로서 이용가치(利用價値)가 있는지를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 idophore와 비교(比較)하여 세척(洗滌)-살균시험(殺菌試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 착유백수(搾乳白數)에 따른 유석(乳石) 형성(形成)은 착유(搾乳) 6일(日) 착유(搾乳) 전세척제(前洗滌劑)로서 idophore를 처리(處理)(0.1119~0.876mg per sq. 10Cm)한 것이 가장 적었고 다음이 석회수처리(石灰水處理) (0.4639~1.5831mg)이며 무처리시(無處理時)(0.6230~4.3575mg)가 가장 많았다. 2. 착유전세척수(搾乳前洗滌水)의 온도(溫度)가 높을 수록 idophore처리(處理), 석회수처리(石灰水處理) 및 수도수(水道水) 처리(處理)는 모두 유석(乳石) 형성(形成)의 증가(增加)를 보였다. 3. 유지방(乳脂肪)의 제거(除去)는 석회수처리(石灰水處理)($10{\ell}$ 세척시(洗滌時) 78~88% 제거(除去))였으며 효과적(效果的)이였고 다음이 idophore 처리(處理)(66~86% 제거(除去))였으며 수도수처리(水道水處理)(56~68% 제거(除去))는 가장 효력(效力)이 떨어졌다. 4. 우유고형물(牛乳固形物) 제거효과(除去效果)는 idophor 처리(處理)($10{\ell}$ 세척시(洗滌時)73-78%제거(除去))와 석회수(石灰水) 처리(處理)(68~73%)가 비슷했으며 수도수처리(水道水處理)(44-52% 제거(除去))가 가장 떨어졌다. 5. 세척제(洗滌劑) 살균효과(殺菌效果)는 idophore 처리(處理)가 석회수처리(石灰水處理)보다 강(强)했으나 큰 차이(差異)는 보이지 않았다. 6. idophore 및 석회수처리(石灰水處理)는 모두 위생적(衛生的)인 우유생산(牛乳生産)을 기(期)할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2006

Korea dairy industry has a long and chronic problems to consume raw milk , those are surplus milk and decline the market milk consumption continued about 10 years. This study was aim to propose and to find the solution for dairy industry problems. After WTO system, with the importation of dairy products, domestic milk production has fell into the situation of excess supply and huge inventory of dried milk, the milk powder stocks have increased since 2002. That made a chronic decline milk consumption in Korea. The core of chronic problem of Korea dairy industry is the decreasing in market milk consumption. If they have a settlement of any other way using their raw milk to process and consumption to market milk, there will be a solution to solve the chronic problems in this situation. Especially, that will be a development of small farm scale natural cheese production and consume. This may be lead a situation of increase the raw milk consumption, because natural cheese making needs much of raw milk more than market milk. But there are very low technical level of farmers cheese making status, so they need a cheese making educational program for their commercial level of cheese products. Under these situation, there are needed a way out of educational system for the dairy farmers to obtain the high level of cheese making technology from the trustable and scientific organization. The natural cheese making technique of dairy farmers should be accumulated to get the consumers' solid recognition of high quality of natural cheese as LOHAS(Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability) foods.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

In recent times, antimicrobial resistance has been a concern because of its relation to national health and food safety. In this study, we reviewed the management of antibiotics and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in domestic and foreign countries and analyzed microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms and raw milk. The isolates from dairy farms were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus chromogens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Enterobacter spp., and Kluyvera intermedia. Rummeliibacillus stabekisii, Paenibacillus badius, Pantoea agglomerans, B. oleronius, B. fusiformis, and B. badius were isolated from feed E. coli and Kurthia gibsonii, from feces and S. pasteuri, S. aureus, S. chromogenes, and Salmonella spp., from raw milk. Pathogens isolated from dairy farms and raw milk were tested for susceptibility to 20 types of antibiotics. E. coli (EAEC) and E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) isolated from dairy farms, E. coli (EAEC) isolated from feces, and Salmonella spp. isolated from raw milk showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. These results show that antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms should be more effectively managed to improve the safety of dairy farms.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2013

Q fever is a rickettsial infection caused by Coxiella burnetii that is transmitted from animals to humans. Modes of transmission to humans include inhalation, tick bites and ingestion of unpasteurized milk or dairy products. This survey was aimed at monitoring the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk (BTM) in Gyeongbuk province. In addition, the seroprevalence of C. burnetii was investigated at the herd level of dairy cattle in eastern Gyeongbuk province in which many dairy cattle are reared. Among 324 BTM samples collected from 20 country areas, 175 (54%) BTM samples from 15 (75%) country areas were positive for C. burnetii by ELISA. By regions, the seroprevalence of BTM samples in eastern, central, western and northern areas of Gyeongbuk province were 62.7%, 48.4%, 45.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. When analyzed in the dairy cattle reared in the eastern area where high seroprevalence occurred in BTM samples, 119 (24.2%) out of 492 dairy cattle were positive for C. burnetii. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii in dairy cattle was increased with daily milk yield of farm (P<0.05) and age (P<0.001). Since seroprevalence of C. burnetii is relatively high in both BTM samples and dairy cattle reared in Gyeongbuk province, further studies on the high risk farms and herds are needed to evaluate infection status and appropriate control programs in this region.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.292-300
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• 2007

Not many types of roughage cutters have been introduced in Korea so far. However, those machines could not satisfy farmers to cut rice straw or barley wrap-silage properly. Stiffness and firmness of roughage bale were two obstructing factors. In order to solve this problem, a tractor attached cut-feeding machinery for the round baled roughage was developed for dairy and beef cattle farm in Korea. A series of tests were performed and acquired data were analyzed by using the several imported roughage cutters, which have been already introduced in dairy farm in Korea. And, a prototype of forage cutter was selected, analyzed, designed and manufactured to develop a tractor attached roughage cut-feeder for round bale. Also, the prototype machine was tested, modified and improved through revising model. As a result, a tractor attached roughage cut-feeder for round bale was manufactured. In order to evaluate the performance of the model machinery. a series of test were performed by the prototype machinery both at the plant and field. The model machinery developed satisfied in both power requirement and cutting capacity. As a conclusion, one of the obstacles against feeding the round baled roughage in the korea cattle farm can be eliminated by developing the tractor attached round baled roughage cut-feeder.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2016

국내 낙농업의 위기를 타개하기 위한 방편의 하나로 6차산업형 낙농이 대두되었다. 낙농업의 6차산업화란 우유 생산과 목장형 유가공, 제품 판매와 체험/관광 등을 목장에서 수행함으로써 부가가치를 창출 취득하는 것이며, 이에 따른 인력과 시간 등의 어려움을 해결하기 위해 AMS의 도입에 관한 관심도 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 6차산업형 낙농목장의 애로사항과 AMS 관련 사항을 조사함으로써 이에 대한 개선 방안과 정보를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 총 91개 6차산업화 목장에 대해 우편 및 방문 면담에 의한 조사를 통해 목장 현황, 6차산업과 관련된 농가들의 인식, 문제점, 요구사항 들과 AMS 도입 여부 및 관련 사항을 조사하였으며, 회수된 16개 설문지를 분석에 이용하였다. 연구 결과 6차산업화 목장의 규모와 형태는 다양하였으며, 발효유와 신선치즈를 주로 생산하였고, 소비자들이 방문하여 구매하는 형태가 가장 많았다. 6차산업형 목장에 대한 정부정책에 관해서는 부정적인 평가가 더 많았으며, 목장형 유가공을 통한 원유적체 해소에 관해서는 긍정적인 반응과 기대가 있었다. 조사 대상 농가들은 '과도한 규제', '판로확보 및 홍보', '자금 부족' 등의 어려움을 가장 크게 느끼고 있었으며, 이에 따라 대기업 수준의 규제보다는 목장형 유가공에 적합한 별도의 규제와 법, 제도를 갖추고 이에 따른 지원과 판로 개척 및 홍보에 대한 지원이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 조사대상 중 AMS를 도입한 농가는 18.75%였고, CMS 농가 중 향후 AMS의 도입을 긍정적으로 검토하고 있는 농가는 38.46%로 나타났다. 도입 이유로는 인력과 시간 문제 해결, 관람 및 홍보 효과, 후계 문제 등으로 답한 반면, 도입에 부정적인 이유로는 유성분 및 유질 문제와 비용, A/S 등의 문제로 답하였다. 본 연구결과를 종합하면, 빠른 속도로 국내 우유자급률이 하락하고 있는 현 상황에서 정부 당국에서 낙농산업의 활성화를 달성하기 위해서는 현재와 같은 과도한 규제를 완화하고, 구체적이고 실효적인 지원책을 통해서만이 낙농의 6차산업화를 효과적으로 유도할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 우군 내 유용한 정보 수집과 기술 향상, 그리고 인력과 시간문제의 해결을 위해 잠재력이 높은 낙농목장을 대상으로 AMS 도입을 위한 지원책도 마련할 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1999

Age at maturity was studied in 661 Nili Ravi buffaloes maintained at six dairy farms in Pakistan. The mean age at maturity in the overall data from the six farms was $976.49{\pm}9.2$ days. Significantly lower mean age at maturity $(957.93{\pm}10.68\;days)$ was observed at Military Dairy Farm, Khyber Okara, Military Daiiy Farm, Punjnad and Livestock Research Station, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad (Group I) compared to $(1015.26{\pm}17.39\;days)$ other three Military Dairy Farms, Peshawar, Nowshera and Rawalpindi (Group II). The advantages associated to early age at maturity were as following. Male and female calves were heavier $(38.35{\pm}0.17\;and\;31.84{\pm}15kg,\;respectively)$ in Group I as compared to $(29.27{\pm}0.26\;and\;26.27{\pm}0.26kg)$ in Group II. Milk yield per lactation was significantly higher in Group I $(1912{\pm}12\;lit.)$ as compared to $(1833.36{\pm}16.56\;lit.)$ in Group II. Lactation length was significantly longer $(284.41{\pm}1.23\;days)$ in Group I as compared to $(277.77{\pm}2.02\;days)$ in Group II. Dry period and service period were significantly shorter $(241.59{\pm}4.18\;and\;217.05{\pm}4.95\;days,\;respectively)$ in Group I as compared to $(306.39{\pm}78\;and\;280.95{\pm}9.32\;days)$ in Group II. The mean age at first calving and sex ratio were low ($1282.75{\pm}10.14$ days and 100 ♀ ♀:130.7 ♂ ♂) in Group I as compared to ($1308.7{\pm}16.44$ days and 100 ♀ ♀:152.15 ♂ ♂) in Group II but the differences were non significant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2013

Subfertility problems are encountered frequently in the cattle and buffalo bulls commercially maintained for semen production in dairy farms and under field conditions for natural insemination. Reports are scarce on the incidence of subfertility in breeding bulls, especially in India. The objective of the present study was to assess the incidence of the male reproductive anomalies leading to disposal of bovine bulls at GADVASU dairy farm, Ludhiana, Punjab (India). Data on frequency of various subfertility and disposal pattern of bulls maintained at the dairy farm, GADVASU, were collected for 12 yrs (1999 to 2010) and compiled from different record registers. Percentage of bulls that produced freezable semen (out of reserved ones) was less in cattle (25.641%) as compared to that of buffalo (30.4%). Various subfertility traits like poor libido and unacceptable seminal profile were found to be the significant reasons (p<0.01) for culling of the breeding bulls. Inadequate sex drive and poor semen quality were the main contributing factors for bull disposal in cattle whereas poor semen freezability was most frequently observed in buffalo bulls. All the male reproductive traits were significantly different (p<0.05) for the periods of birth, except for semen volume, initial motility (IM), age at last semen collection (ALSC) and age at disposal. The ages at first and last semen collection as well as freezing (i.e. AFSC, ALSC and AFSF, ALSF, respectively) and age at disposal (AD) were higher in buffalo. The spermatological parameters and semen production period (SPP) were higher in cattle. The age at first semen donation and breeding period could be reduced by introducing the bulls to training at an early age. The results revealed an increasing trend in individual motility (IM) while semen volume, AFSC, AFSF, AD, FSPP, SPP, ALSC and ALSF showed a decreasing, however, not a definite trend, over the periods. The semen donation traits like, AFSF, of the cattle and buffalo bulls could be predicted from the AFSC, using prediction equation derived in the present study.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.253-268
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• 1974

A total of 331 dairy cattle in Jeonnam area were examined for the breeding status and hematological values during the period from June to August. 1971 and 1974. The data obtained were analysed according to the status of breeding and the type of farm management. The results obtained in this work were summarized as follows: 1. 331 dairy cows were grouped as pregnant (63.81%) anestrus after parturition (12.45%), pregnancy unknown (11.48%), repeat breeder (10.32%), and others (1.94%). 2. The summery of reproductive histories and clinical examination were as follows. Average of calving interval was 16.5 months, interval from parturition to first breeding 97 days and postpartum interval to first estrus 72 days. Services per conception was 1.6 rate of postpartum estrus (60 days) 12.0%, and the rate of repent breeder 10.3%. 3. Generally, the blood values of RBC, Hb, serum total protein and A/G ratio were lower than those normal values, especially, the cows which showed abnormal values belonged to the repeat breeder and the unknown to conception group. The mean value for serum inorganic phosphorus was the normal value or hyperphosphatemia, on the other hand, the mean value for serum calcium of the repeat breeder group was the lowest than the other group. 4. Follow-up evaluations on the results of the laboratory tests strongly suggest that the problems of repeat breeder had a tendency to occur more frequently in the large herd (A and B type farm), and the Ca/P ratio of almost all the cows showed abnormal values.