• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.510-517
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• 2010

Phthalates, such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) have been proved to be teratogenics and endocrine disruptors, metabolized rapidly and excreted in the urine. In this study, a simultaneous analytical method for 10 phthalate metabolites, MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MnOP, MiNP and MiDP, in human urines, based on switching system with on-line pretreatment column using HPLC-MS/MS has been developed. This method was validated according to the guideline of bioanalytical method validation of National Institute of Toxicological Research. Limits of detection range between 0.2 and 0.9 ng/ml for 10 phthalate metabolites. The calibration curves showed linearity in the range 0.997~0.999, and the results of the intra- and inter-day validations were in the range from 0.4 to 14.7% RSD and from 0.3 to 9.4% RSD, respectively. Recoveries of phthalate metabolites varied from 87.0 to 116.1%. This analytical method showed high accuracy and stable precision for all metabolites, and seems to be suitable for biomonitoring of phthalates in human urine.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.1777-1783
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• 2020

As a part of R&D work for the high intensity proton linac of China Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System project, a superconducting half-wave cavity with a frequency of 162.5 MHz and an optimal beta of 0.15 (HWR015) has been developed at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this paper, the design and test results will be described in detail. We introduced a new stiffening strategy for the HWR cavity, the simulation results show that the cavity has much lower frequency sensitivity coefficient (df/dp), Lorentz force detuning coefficient (KL), and can achieve more stable mechanical properties. The performance of the HWR cavity operated in cryostat will be also reported.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Hair loss affects both men and women of all ages and often significantly affects social and psychologic health. Recent therapeutic approach for hair loss such as finasteride and minoxidil focused on regulation of hormonal system blood flow. However, long-term use of these drugs caused adverse effects. To develop herbal medicine for therapeutic effect on hair growth, here we screened the 10 medicinal herbs (Red ginseng, Licorice, Ulmus, Barberry root, Lycium root, Rehmanniae radix crudus, Sophora root, Sweet flag, Polygala root, Achyranthes) based on oriental medicine literature. We measured cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant activity, and $5-{\alpha}$ reductase inhibitory effect of the herbal medicine on human dermal papilla (DP) cells to investigate therapeutic effect of the herbal medicine. Treatment of the 1% herbal medicine did not show any cytotoxic effects, and cell growth was increased by treatment of the 0.1% herbal medicine. In addition, the herbal medicine showed stronger antioxidant activity than resveratrol and comparable inhibitory activity of $5-{\alpha}$ reductase with finasteride. Furthermore, when applied to in vivo mouse model, we also observed increases in the number and length of hair of the herbal medicine-treated group. These results suggest that the herbal medicine promotes hair growth by its antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity of $5-{\alpha}$ reductase and might therefore be a promising hair growth-promoting agent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1995

To reduce crop damage from root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. chemical, cultural, physical control methods were compared in commercial greenhouse for 3 years from 1992 to 1994. Timing of sol exchange for economic losses due to the nematodes is important: every 3 years for coarse sand (Masatto) and every 4 years for red-yellow soil. Control effects on Meloidogyne spp. in cucumber were 78.2% in Dazomet DP, 72.1% Carbo G+Soil reverse+submergence, and 66.3% in Carbo G+submergence. Pesticide effects were temporally different after treatment: 77.7~80.6% in 20 days and 33.7~49.5% in 60 days. Cropping system in oriental melon gave an excellent control effect of 81.1% at oriental melon/rice culture. All methods controled root-knot nematodes at the time of the treatment but the number of the nematodes increased at the end of the season. However, soil exchange was effective for 3 years. The most economic control practice is rotation with rice for every three years.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2014

The effect of sodium and sodium salts on carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers under a four phase feeding program were investigated. A basal diet (0.08% dNa with NaCl) was formulated and one of two sources of dNa ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented to obtain four different percentages of dNa (0.17, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.44%) for each treatment. There was a linear decrease in dressing percentage (DP) with source ${\times}$ level interaction ($p{\leq}0.001$), while there was a linear increase in breast yield and thigh yield with increasing dNa supplementation ($p{\leq}0.001$). Chicks fed 0.35% $NaHCO_3$ and 0.44% dNa $Na_2SO_4$ supplemental salts had lower abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.04$). Chicks that received increasing levels of dNa (from 0.17 to 0.44%) showed increasing gizzard weight ($p{\leq}0.02$) and decreasing spleen weight ($p{\leq}0.02$). When both salts were supplemented at 0.26% dNa, the chicks showed their lowest bursa weight ($p{\leq}0.001$). Consequently, chicks at higher dNa showed an increase in breast and thigh meat yield, and increasing capacity of their digestive organ. The higher levels of dNa should be tested with other cations and anions to fully understand acid base homoeostasis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.474-499
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• 2010

This paper presents the mostortant developments implemented in the APOLLO2 spectral code since its last general presentation at the 1999 M&C conference in Madrid. APOLLO2 has been provided with new capabilities in the domain of cross section self-shielding, including mixture effects and transfer matrix self-shielding, new or improved flux solvers (CPM for RZ geometry, heterogeneous cells for short MOC and the linear-surface scheme for long MOC), improved acceleration techniques ($DP_1$), that are also applied to thermal and external iterations, and a number of sophisticated modules and tools to help user calculations. The method of characteristics, which took over the collision probability method as the main flux solver of the code, allows for whole core two-dimensional heterogeneous calculations. A flux reconstruction technique leads to fast albeit accurate solutions used for industrial applications. The APOLLO2 code has been integrated (APOLLO2-A) within the $ARCADIA^{(R)}$ reactor code system of AREVA as cross section generator for PWR and BWR fuel assemblies. APOLLO2 is also extensively used by Electricite de France within its reactor calculation chain. A number of numerical examples are presented to illustrate APOLLO2 accuracy by comparison to Monte Carlo reference calculations. Results of the validation program are compared to the measured values on power plants and critical experiments.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.E3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2001

Acidic air pollutants were collected to characterize indoor air quality at a private house in Seoul during the spring period. All indoor and outdoor samples were measured simultaneously using an annular denuder system. The data set was collected on twelve different days with a 24-hr sampling period in April and May 1997. The chemical species measured were HN $O_3$, HN $O_2$, S $O_2$ and N $H_3$in the gas phase and P $M_{2.5}$ (dp 2.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and N $H_4$$^{+}$ in the particulate phase. Indoor concentrations of HN $O_2$, N $H_3$, and P $M_{2.5}$ were greater than outdoor levels. However, indoor concentrations of HN $O_3$, S $O_2$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and N $H_4$$^{+}$ were less than those found from outdoors. In the case of S $O_4$$^{2-}$, the indoor and outdoor concentrations were similar. Indoor concentrations of P $M_{2.5}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ were dependent upon the outdoor concentrations. A tracer-gas decay technique with sulfur hexafluoride (S $F_{6}$ ) as the tracer gas was used to estimate the air exchange rate of a private home in the spring. The average air exchange rate was computed to be 2.87 h $r^{-1}$ .X> .

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.845-854
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• 1998

Background: S-2-(3 aminoprophlamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid(WR-2721) is one of the radical scavenging thiols. We tested its protective effects in the reperfused heart. Material and Method: The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorffs perfusion system. We investigated the radical scavenging properties of this compound in isolated rat hearts which were exposed to 20 minutes ischemia and 20 minutes reperfusion. Four experimental groups were used:group I, control, Amifostine 50 mg(1 mL) peritoneal injection 30 minutes before ischemia(group II), Amifostine 10 mg(0.2 mL) injection during ischemia through coronary artery(group III),and Amifostine 50 mg(1 mL) peritoneal injection 2 hrs before ischemia(group IV). The experimental parameters were the levels of latate, CK-MB, and adenosine deaminase(ADA) in frozen myocardium, the quantity of coronary flow,and left ventricular developed pressure, and it's dp/dt. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measured analysis of variance and student t-test. Result: The coronary flow of group II and IV were less than group I and III at equilibrium state but recovery of coronary flow at reperfusion state of group II, III, and IV were more increased compared with group I. The change of systolic left ventricular devoloping pressure of group II and IV were less than control group at equilibrium state, which seemed to be the influence of the pharmacological hypotensive effect of amifostine. But it was higher compared with group I at reperfusion state. The lactic acid contents of group II were less than control group in frozen myocardium.(Group I was 0.20 0.29 mM/g vs Group II, which was 0.10 0.11 mM/g). The quantity of CK-MB in myocardial tissue was highest in group IV (P=0.026 I: 120.0 97.8 U/L vs IV: 242.2 79.15 U/L). The adenosine deaminase contents in the coronary flow and frozen myocardium were not significantly different among each group. Conclusion: Amifostine seemed to have significant cardioprotective effect during ischemia and reperfusion injuries of myocardium.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2964-2985
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• 2019

Global data center IP traffic is expected to reach 20.6 zettabytes (ZB) by the end of 2021. Intra-data center networks (Intra-DCN) will account for 71.5% of the data center traffic flow and will be the largest portion of the traffic. The understanding of traffic distribution in IntraDCN is still sketchy. It causes significant amount of bandwidth to go unutilized, and creates avoidable choke points. Conventional transport protocols such as Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) allow a one-sided view of the traffic flow in the network. This therefore causes disjointed and uncoordinated decision-making at each node. For effective resource planning, there is the need to consider joining the distributed with centralized management which anticipates the system's needs and regulates the entire network. Methods derived from Kalman filters have proved effective in planning road networks. Considering the network available bandwidth as data transport highways, we propose an intelligent enhanced SDN concept applied to OBS architecture. A management plane (MP) is added to conventional control (CP) and data planes (DP). The MP assembles the traffic spatio-temporal parameters from ingress nodes, uses Kalman filtering prediction-based algorithm to estimate traffic demand. Prior to packets arrival at edges nodes, it regularly forwards updates of resources allocation to CPs. Simulations were done on a hybrid scheme (1+1) and on the centralized OBS. The results demonstrated that the proposition decreases the packet loss ratio. It also improves network latency and throughput-up to 84 and 51%, respectively, versus the traditional scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1042-1058
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• 2024

Terahertz (THz) communication is becoming a key technology for future 6G wireless networks because of its ultra-wide band. However, the implementation of THz communication systems confronts formidable challenges, notably beam splitting effects and high computational complexity associated with them. Our primary objective is to design a hybrid precoder that minimizes the Euclidean distance from the fully digital precoder. The analog precoding part adopts the delay-phase alternating minimization (DP-AltMin) algorithm, which divides the analog precoder into phase shifters and time delayers. This effectively addresses the beam splitting effects within THz communication by incorporating time delays. The traditional digital precoding solution, however, needs matrix inversion in THz massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, resulting in significant computational complexity and complicating the design of the analog precoder. To address this issue, we exploit the characteristics of THz massive MIMO communication systems and construct the digital precoder as a product of scale factors and semi-unitary matrices. We utilize Schatten norm and Hölder's inequality to create semi-unitary matrices after initializing the scale factors depending on the power allocation. Finally, the analog precoder and digital precoder are alternately optimized to obtain the ultimate hybrid precoding scheme. Extensive numerical simulations have demonstrated that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in mitigating the beam splitting issue, improving system performance, and exhibiting lower complexity. Furthermore, our approach exhibits a more favorable alignment with practical application requirements, underlying its practicality and efficiency.