• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2012

The effects of fixed and variable temperatures on fruiting body formation and characters of mushrooms were investigated with normal and thinning treatment plots. In fixed temperature, as temperature was lower, period of harvest was longer as well as days for pinheading in the both of normal and thinning plots. Harvest rate were 91.0, 90.3, and 95.8% at $13^{\circ}C$, $17^{\circ}C$, and $15^{\circ}C$. In the thinning plot, qualities of mushrooms were 7.5, 8.1, and 7.7, and yields were 86.0, 105.9, 104.0g at 13, 15, and $17^{\circ}C$ respectively. In variable temperature with a variable temperature plot, condition II($17^{\circ}C$ for pin-heading(before reverting, 7-8 days)${\rightarrow}16^{\circ}C$ for extending primodia(before thinning, 4-5 days)${\rightarrow}15^{\circ}C$ for extending (after thinning)) was the best for yield which was better than other conditions by 17.4% and 4.0% and quality of mushroom was highest 8.1 among all conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this these is aiming at making an investigation on the existing local publications which were including woodblock catalogs in the early Choson Dynasty and analysing the bibliographical matters. The overall findings of this study can be summarized as follows : First of all, publications contained in the woodblock catalogs are composed of 1292 titles. With the exclusion of 278 titles duplicated in Yongnamch' aekp'an-gi(221 titles) and Tong-gyongjapki(57 titles), there are one thousand fourteen titles in the woodblock catalogs in Kosach' waryo(989 titles) and Yongnamch' aekp'an-gi (25 titles). Secondly, publications which are included in woodblock catalog and being handed down to the present are composed of 160 titles. Excepting 43 titles which are duplicated in the woodblock catalogs containing Yongnamch' aekp'an-gi(33 titles) and Tong-gyongjapki(10 titles), there exist 117 titles. Thirdly, looking at the publications handed down to the present on the basis of location, 10 titles were published in five areas in Kangwon-do, 45 titles in 17 regions in Kyonsang-do, 33 titles in 10 areas in Cholla-do, 4 titles in 4 different areas in Chungchong-do two different areas in Pyongan-do, 1 titles in one area in Hamgyong-do, the other titles in three regions in Hwanghae-do.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 2024

This study examined the acute toxicity of nitrite nitrogen(NO₂^--N) on the early life stages of chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta). The results showed that LC₅₀ values for nitrite nitrogen decreased progressively as the fish developed through their early life stages. In the alevin stage, the 96-hour LC₅₀ value was measured at 89.98 mg/L, while in the fry stage, it was 29.36 mg/L, and in the parr stage, it was 1.89 mg/L, indicating that the toxicity of nitrite nitrogen increased as the developmental stage progressed. At 24 hours, alevin had a 10% mortality rate at 160 mg/L and 56.7% at 240 mg/L of nitrite nitrogen. By 72 hours, mortality rose to 90% at 160 mg/L, with 100% mortality at levels above 200 mg/L. At 96 hours, mortality reached 16.7% at 40 mg/L and 96.7% at 160 mg/L. For fry, at 24 hours, mortality was 3.3% at 30 mg/L, 56.7% at 50 mg/L, and 83.3% at 60 mg/L, with 100% mortality at 50 mg/L after 96 hours. In the parr stage, the mortality rate was 10% at 1.6 mg/L after 24 hours, with all individuals dying at 6.4 mg/L. After 48 hours, mortality increased to 56.7% at 3.2 mg/L, and at 96 hours, mortality reached 83.3% at 3.2 mg/L and 100% at 6.4 mg/L. Therefore, the alevin stage showed lower sensitivity to nitrite due to reduced nitrite absorption, but as the fish progressed to the fry and parr stages, gill development led to increased nitrite toxicity, with the parr stage showing the highest sensitivity.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.237-251
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to provide data on current sod production in South Korea. Fifteen items were surveyed including production acreage, species and cultivars, experience on farming, production cost and the others during April to October in 2006. To estimate production acreage, 73 turfgrass growers were interviewed. Estimated acreage for turfgrass production was 2,947 ha. Acreages by province were 1,417 ha in Jeollanam-do(48%), 442 ha in Jeollabuk-do(14.9%), 344 ha in Gyeonggi-do(11.6%), 248 ha in Gyeongsangnam-do(8.4%), and 240 ha in Chungcheongnam-do(8.1%), respectively. The major sod producing regions were Jangseong-gun, Hampyeong-gun, Yeonggwang-gun, Gochang-gun, Sacheon city, Iksan city, Yeoju city, Yeoncheon-gun. Percentage of turf growers over 50 years old was 72.4 percent, which means production was carried out mainly by old farmers. Grower's career over 10 years was 84.8%. Cultivated species and varieties were 'Junggi'(55.5%) of fine-textured Korean lawngrass, common Korean lawngrass(37.4%), Kentucky bluegrass(3.8%), and new zoysiagrass cultivars(0.1%), respectively. Sod size were variable. Sod size of $18{\times}18cm $ was 43.5 percent. Sales route was mainly through sod distributor(40.5%). Sod producing cost was $2,160{\sim}2,730$ won per square meter at Jeolla-do areas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and select useful accession with agronomic characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.). germplasms at Garlic Research Institute in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Morphological diversity and relationships among 160 germplasms collected from 26 countries were assessed by methods of clustering and principal component analysis. Among 11 types of leaves and bulbs characteristics, emergence days of leaf showed the highest variation with coefficient of variation of 84.8%, and the bulb weight and the number of scales showed higher variability with 24.3%. Correlation analysis based on 11 quantitative traits showed that bulb weight and bulb length have very high positive correlation with bulb quantity. Plant height, leaf length, and number of leaves showed positive correlation with bulb weight as collections with better performance in growth produced large bulb with higher quality. The cluster analysis based on 5 principal components generated 6 clusters with an average distance of 1.6 among clusters. Domestic genetic resources were the largest with 36 species (22.5%) in group II.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2023

The effects of punching treatment on mycelial culture and fruiting body productivity were investigated in a new Lentinula edodes cultivar, "Jadam", in sawdust medium for the stable production of oak mushroom. As the punching volume and number increased, the weight loss rate and color difference increased and the L value decreased. After spawn inoculation, the sawdust medium temperature and CO₂ concentration reached their highest values at 33 and 19 days of incubation, respectively. The O₂ concentration showed the lowest value on the 14^th day of incubation, which was the opposite pattern to the CO₂ concentration. As the punching volume and the number increased, the medium temperature and O₂ concentration increased, and the CO₂ concentration decreased. Higher punching volumes and numbers resulted in higher temperatures and lower CO₂ concentrations. The best fruiting body yield was 5 × 70 mm - 30 (punching diameter × depth - number), and the total yield after three cycles was 644.7 g.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.340-346
• /
• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization in job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) on the growth characteristics, grain yield, nitrogen accumulation, and chemical property of soil after harvest. Heading and budding stages were shorter than control but growth periods was increased because of the increase of ripening periods according to the increase of nitrogen fertilizer applications. Number of main culm node and culm diameter was similar but culm length and tiller number per plant were better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications than control but the decrease of grain yield was attributed to the fact that damage by corn borer was 30% in $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment. Some of yield components was better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications but grain number per plant of $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment was greater. So grain yield was the highest ($3,410kg\;ha^{-1}$) at the $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased according to the increase of nitrogen fertilization. Total nitrogen of soil after experiment in 0, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was lower and in 160, $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was higher than that before the experiment.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.135-160
• /
• 2004

We witness now the changing techno-economic paradigm and the emerging learning economy. Reflecting on these changes, the group of Evolutionary Economists study recently the theory on regional innovation system, but their research results are still now not theoretically ‘systemized’. Moreover, they often indeed speak of the ‘social capital’, but do not investigate that. This paper tries to systemize their empirical findings and theoretical results and integrate the discussions on social capital in fields of sociology into a mathematical model. This study emphasizes the role of social capital in the innovating process.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2008

Eight caprellids are collected from the several islands off Yeonggwang, Jeollanam-do at June 2007. Among them Caprella chelimana Mayer, 1903 is newly added to the Korean caprellid fauna. We described this species with illustrations and mentioned some differences from Mayer's original descriptions. Caprella subtilis is also the first record since Mayer reported this species from East Sea (Sea of Japan) in 1903.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2013

Before avionics equipment are installed in aircraft, several environmental tests such as temperature, vibration, lightning, fire etc. must be conducted. One of the environmental tests is to substantiate protection designs of lightning indirect effect. It can be showed through RTCA DO-160G, section22 "Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility" test. An additional test of aircraft level is required as well after installation of avionics equipment.