• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.6
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• pp.741-748
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• 1997

In the present study, we have investigated the effect of metabolic inhibition on the inward rectifier K current ($I_{K1}$). Using whole cell patch clamp technique we applied voltage ramp from +80 mV to -140 mV at a holding potential of -30 mV and recorded the whole cell current in single ventricular myocytes isolated from the rabbit heart. The current-voltage relationship showed N-shape (a large inward current and little outward current with a negative slope) which is a characteristic of $I_{K1}$. Application of 0.2 mM dinitrophenol (DNP, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation as a tool for chemical hypoxia) to the bathing solution with the pipette solution containing 5 mM ATP, produced a gradual increase of outward current followed by a gradual decrease of inward current with little change in the reversal potential (-80 mV). The increase of outward current was reversed by glibenclamide ($10\;{\mu}M$), suggesting that it is caused by the activation of $K_{ATP}$. When DNP and glibenclamide were applied at the same time or glibenclamide was pretreated, DNP produced same degree of reduction in the magnitude of the inward current. These results show that metabolic inhibition induces not only the increase of $K_{ATP}$ channel but also the decrease of $I_{K1}$. Perfusing the cell with ATP-free pipette solution induced the changes very similar to those observed using DNP. Long exposure of DNP (30 min) or ATP-free pipette solution produced a marked decrease of both inward and outward current with a significant change in the reversal potential. Above results suggest that the decrease of $I_{K1}$ may contribute to the depolarisation of membrane potential during metabolic inhibition.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2004

Background: The fruit of Rubus coreanus (RC), a perennial herb, has been cultivated for a long time as a popular vegetable. The anti-allergy mechanism of RC is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of RC on compound 48/80- or anti-DNP IgE-induced mast cell activation. Methods: For this, influences of RC on the compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release, calcium influx and the change of the intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine-3',5' monophosphate) levels of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) and on the anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release of RPMC were observed. Results: The pretreatment of RC inhibited compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release and intracelluar calcium uptake of RPMC. The anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release of RPMC was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of RC. The RC increased the level of intracellular cAMP of RPMC, and the pretreatment of RC inhibited compound 48/80-induced decrement of intracellular cAMP of RPMC. Conclusion: These results suggest that RC contains some substances with an activity to inhibit the compound 48/80- or anti-DNP IgE-induced mast cell activitation. The inhibitory effects of RC are likely due to the stabilization of mast cells by blocking the calcium uptake and enhancing the level of intracellular cAMP.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

OPC UA(IEC62541) is a communication protocol for SG(Smart Grid) application platform. It was standardized by IEC TC57 group in December 2012. The IEC61850 has been used in Digital Substation Systems and Smart Distributed Systems. The DNP3.0 has been used for device's data collection/control in Distributed Systems. The DLMS/COSEM has been used to control metering and collect information in the Smart Metering. The top-level SG management platform needs an independent middleware to manage transparently the Power Information Technology, including the IEC61850, DNP3.0, DLMS/COSEM. In this paper, we propose the SDG(Scada Data Gateway) platform. It manages Power Information Technology based Digital Substation Systems and Smart Distributed systems, Smart Metering through OPC UA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.725-734
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• 2016

SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is widely used for remote monitoring and control throughout the domestic industry. Due to a recent breach of security on SCADA systems, such as Stuxnet, the need of correctly established secure certification of a control system is growing. Currently, EDSA-CRT (Embedded Device Security Assurance-Communication Robustness Test), which tests the ability to provide core services properly in a normal/abnormal network protocol, is only focused on the testing of IP-based protocols such as IP, ARP, TCP, etc. Thus, in this paper, we propose test requirements for DNP3 protocol based on EDSA-CRT. Our analysis show that the specific test cases provide plentiful evidences that DNP3 should follow based on its functional requirements. As a result, we propose 33 specific test case for DNP3 protocol.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1982

Analytical methods for residues of six N-methylcarbamate insecticides were investigated to compare the minimum detectability, recovery from several crops and feasibility of multiple residue analysis. Those methods studied in this work included spectrophotometry by diazotization and gas chromatography by N-trifluoroacetylation(TFA), pentafluorobenzylether(PFB) and dinitrophenylether (DNP) derivatization. Maximum absorbed wavelength of the diazotized MIPC, XMC, BPMC, propoxur and carbofu ran was around 460 ㎚, while that of carbaryl recorded 510 ㎚. Recovery from brown rice and apple by diazotization method ranged from 80 to 120% and minimum detectable limits were 0.03 to 0.05 ppm in 50 g of the sample. Minimum detectability of PFB derivatives by gas chromatography was superior to TFA and DNP derivatives. DNP derivatives showed the longest retention time among the given derivatives. Recovery from crops by gas chromatographic met hod ranged 74 to 94%, 78 to 93%, and 85 to 99% in brown rice, rice straw and apple, respectively. Limit of detection was 0.01 ppm for TFA, 0.005 ppm for PFB and 0.02 ppm for DNP derivatives in 50 g of the crop samples.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.609-619
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• 2017

The removal characteristics of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) from an aqueous solution by commercial Wood-based Activated Carbon (WAC) have been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters were investigated using a batch adsorption technique. The adsorption capacity of 2,4-DNP by WAC increased with a decrease in the dosage and particle size of WAC, temperature and the initial pH of the solution, and increased with an increase in the initial concentration of the solution. The adsorption equilibrium data were best described by the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of 2,4-DNP by WAC were 573.07 mg/g at 293 K, 500.00 mg/g at 313 K, and 476.19 mg/g at 333 K, decreasing with increasing temperature. The kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, and the results of the intra-particle diffusion model suggested that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by particle diffusion. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption of 2,4-DNP by WAC was an endothermic and spontaneous process.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns (Leguminosae) (GSAE) on the mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis. GSAE (0.005 to 1 ${g}/kg$) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. GSAE (0.1 and 1 ${g}/kg$) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-DNP IgE. When GSAE was pretreated at the same concentrations with systemic anaphylaxis, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. GSAE (0.001 to 1 ${m}g/ml$) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, When GSAE (1 ${m}g/ml$) was added, transiently and significantly increased about fourfold compared with that of basal cells. Moreover, GSAE (0.01 and 0.1 ${m}g/ml$) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ production from RPMC. These results suggest a possible use of GSAE in managing mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2002

The effect of aqueous extract of Magnoliae Cortex (Magnoliaceae) (MCAE) on the immediate-type allergic reaction was investigated. MCAE inhibited compound 48/80 induced systemic anaphylactic reaction in rats. MCAE (0.1 and 1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local immunoglobulin E (lgE)-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction. MCAE (0.001 to 1 mg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) 1gE. Moreover, MCAE (0.01 to 1 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-mediated tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ production. These results indicate that MCAE inhibits immediate-type allergic reaction in vivo and in vitro.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.228-231
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• 2016

현재 한 번의 공격으로 많은 피해를 줄 수 있는 국가기반시설 위주의 제어시스템은 사이버 공격의 대상으로 가장 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 대비해 제어시스템에서 주로 사용되는 DNP3는 한정적이고 반복된 트래픽을 주고받아 화이트리스트 기반 보안 기법이 사이버 공격으로부터 효과적으로 시스템을 보호할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 제어시스템에 알려져 있는 취약점에 대해서 소개하고, 화이트리스트 보안 기법을 적용하고 규칙을 정의하여 이상 징후를 탐지하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.95-101
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• 2001

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae)(TCAE) on the immediate hypersensitivity reaction in vivo and in vivo. TCAE (0.01 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/80 induced systemic anaphylaxis in mice. When TCAE was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 g/kg, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. TCAE (0.1 and 1 g/kg) significantly inhibited local immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. TCAE (0.001 to 1 mg/ml) also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. TCAE (0.01 to 1 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ production from RPMC. These results indicate that TCAE inhibits immediate hypersensitivity reaction in vivo and in vitro.