• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.319-322
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• 2008

Little is known about the chromosomal variability and polymorphism existing in mitotic chromosomes of Citrus, mainly due to lack of reliable chromosomal markers and small chromosome size. To test the hypothesis of chromosomal polymorphism and provide the foundation of the genome organization in the Citrus cultivars, we have developed molecular cytogenetic markers for 13 Citrus species collected from Jeju island, Korea. In this study, we demonstrated that the chromosomal locations of cytogenetic markers are quite variable and extremely polymorphic, in contrast to the previous studies. The data obtained in this study will be of utmost importance in cytological systematics and karyotyping of the Citrus species.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1999

Monophyly and intergeneric relationships of the tribe Helleboreae, sensu Tamura, and related genera were studied using a 1,100-bp segment at the 5'end of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene. Forty-one OTUs, including eight species of the Helleboreae, were either directly sequenced or obtained from previous publications. Data were analyzed using distance and discrete character methods to infer phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa. The inferred phylogeny did not support monophyly of either Helleboreae or Cimicifugeae whose members were intermixed in our inferred phylogeny. This result is congruent with our previous study, which recommended against finely subdividing, suprageneric higher taxa within the R-chromosome group (subfamily Ranuncluloideae, sensu lato) until more molecular data were accumulated. Our data convincingly suggest the presence of the following three monophyletic groups: the Cimicifuga group (the clade of Actaea, Cimicifuga, Souliea, Eranthis, Anemonopsis, and Beesia), the Trollius group (the clade of Trollius, Megaleranthis, Adonis), and a clade including Anemonopsis and Beesia. Our data also suggest that Trollius and Megaleranthis might be congeners and Eranthis a paraphyletic group.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2020

Member of the genus Tobrilus Andrássy, 1959, which belongs to Tobrilidae Filipjev, 1918, are known as free-living nematodes in freshwater habitat. This genus was previously unknown from Korea. Five Tobrilus species are here reported for the first time from Korea: Tobrilus aberrans (Schneider, 1925), Tobrilus diversipapillatus (Daday, 1905), Tobrilus gracilis (Bastian, 1865), Tobrilus longus (Leidy, 1851), and Tobrilus wesenbergi (Micoletzky, 1925). Specimens were collected from sediments of the Nakdong River in Korea. Morphological characters and measurements of the specimens generally agree with the original descriptions of Tobrilus species, except for some differences that can be attributed to intraspecific variation among populations(e.g., nerve ring position [% pharynx] and reproductive length). Each species can be distinguished from other members of the genus by specific characters (e.g., cephalic setae length and position, buccal cavity and pocket shape, vulva position, degree of development of reproductive system, and tail length and shape). Here, five species in the genus Tobrilus are fully redescribed and illustrated using optical microscopy images. DNA barcode sequence information (the D2-D3 region of 28S rDNA) is also provided for molecular species identification.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2020

The genus Plectus Bastian, 1865 represents a group of free-living freshwater nematodes belonging to the family Plectidae Örley, 1880. However, only one species has been reported thus far from Korea. Plectus aquatilis Andrássy, 1985 and Plectus cirratus Bastian, 1865 are reported for the first time from Korea, from sediments collected from the Nakdong River. Plectus aquatilis is distinguished from other Plectus species by its three longitudinal alae in the lateral field, thin and directed cephalic setae, continuous lip region (head not set-off), and rectangular shaped tail. Plectus cirratus is distinguished from other Plectus species by its large body, two longitudinal alae in the lateral field, larger stoma, and longer tail. Morphological characters and measurements of the specimens generally agree with the original descriptions of Plectus species. Here, the morphological characters (detailed morphometrics) of two species in the genus Plectus are fully redescribed and illustrated using optical microscopy. DNA barcode sequence information from the 18S rDNA gene is also provided for molecular species identification and compared with sequences from other Plectus species available on GenBank.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2021

Branchinotogluma segonzaci (Miura and Desbruyères, 1995) occurs in hydrothermal vent fields of the southwestern Pacific Ocean. We morphologically compared B. segonzaci from the North Fiji Basin with the original description from the Lau Basin and a subsequent study of specimens from the Manus Basin. The main characteristics of all B. segonzaci populations were similar having 21 segments, 10 pairs of elytra, cylindrical-shaped anterior lobes, and ventral papillae on segment 12 and ventral lamellae on segments 13-17 in males. However, the specimens from the North Fiji Basin had rounded to sub-renifrom elytra rather than oval in the original description. Additionally, we newly obtained 11 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA barcodes from the North Fiji Basin and Tonga Arc populations and compared them with known COI DNA barcodes of Branchinotogluma species. Thirteen sequences of B. segonzaci showed 0.0-1.07% intraspecific variation and formed two clades in the COI neighbor-joining tree, whereas the interspecific variation among Branchinotogluma species was 8.19-22.4%. The results of this study contribute to biogeographic studies of B. segonzaci and the evolution of polynoid scale worms in chemosynthesis-based ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.805-819
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• 2022

The taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationship of Opuntia monacantha Haw. f. jejuensis J. K. Kim ex Y. S. Yang (Jejubaiknyuncho), which is native to southern coast of Jeju Island, Korea was analyzed using DNA markers obtained from Korean Opuntia. Opuntia stricta Haw., O. humifusa Raf., and O. humifusa Raf. f. jeollaensis E. J. Kim and S. S. Whang, native or cultivated in Korea, have no stripes on the back of tepals and have a purple pulp, whereas O. monacantha f. jejuensis has purple stripes on the back of tepals and a greenish-yellow pulp color. Opuntia monacantha has purple stripes on both the front and back of its tepals, whereas stripes appear only on the back of tepals of O. monacantha f. jejuensis. Opuntia monacantha f. jejuensis was assigned to Elatae series in phylogenetic analysis and was found to be more closely related to O. monacantha subsp. arechavaletae (Speg.) Guiggi, compared with O. monacantha at a molecular level. Based on its phylogenetic and morphological differences from O. monacantha and O. monacantha subsp. arechavaletae, which are native or have been cultivated in Jeju areas, O. monacantha f. jejuensis was named as a new forma in this study.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2022

Leptochiton Gray, 1847 is one of the most ancient chiton groups which includes more than 130 species that occur in cold and deep waters worldwide. Due to their small-sized body, they are often confused as juveniles of other chiton species. Moreover, lack of morphological information makes species identification of this group very challenging. To date, only two Leptochiton species(L. fuliginatus and L. rugatus) have been reported from Korean waters. In this study, we found L. hakodatensis(Thiele, 1909) for the first time in Korea and described microscopic morphological characters of valves (tegmentum sculpture), girdle scale, and radula using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Leptochiton hakodatensis is morphologically similar to L. fuliginatus and L. rugatus, but differently characterized by having dorso-ventrally rounded (not carinated) intermediate valves, girdle (perinotum) scales sculptured with 4-7 longitudinal ribs, and bicuspid major lateral teeth of radula. In addition to morphological examination, we determined the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(cox1) as a DNA barcode sequence information. This is the first report that describes microscopic characters (tegmentum of valves, girdle structure, and radula) of L. hakodatensis using a SEM. This study provides a morphological basis for describing Leptochiton species and discovery of a "hidden" species of this genus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2014

The petal and sepal micromorphology of five species of Glechoma (Lamiaceae) was investigated to evaluate their taxonomic significance, and a molecular phylogeny using the sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA was carried out to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Stomatal complexes were mostly found in the inner and outer part of the sepal from all investigated taxa, and the size length of the guard cell was variable among the taxa. Five types of trichomes (uni-cellular non-glandular trichome, multi-cellular non-glandular trichome, short-stalked capitate glandular trichome, long-stalked capitate glandular trichome, and peltate glandular trichome) were variable among the taxa as well as their distribution and density. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Glechoma was composed of three geographically distinct major monophyletic groups (Europe-U.S.A., China-Korea, Japan). G. longituba in Korea and China formed well-supported monophyletic group. G. hederacea in Europe and U.S.A. formed a monophyletic and well-supported clade with G. sardoa, which are endemic species in Italy, with G. hirsuta falling as a sister to this clade. However, G. grandis did not form any phylogenetic relationships with the remaining taxa. The ITS analyses provided taxonomic boundaries of taxa in Glechoma although the petal and sepal micromorphological characters provided weak evidences of the systematic value. As further studies, incorporating more DNA regions to the matrix including other additional morphological analysis will be significant to provide clearer taxonomic structure in Glechoma.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2011

Some echinoids were collected from the coast of Gangwon-do during the period from November 2008 to July 2011 and were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit I mitochondrial DNA. Among them, Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars, 1871) belonging to the family Strongylocentrotidae of the order Camarodonta is reported for the first time in Korea and is redescribed. The genetic differences ranged from 0.038 to 0.139 between S. pallidus and four other species of genus Strongylocentrotus, but ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 between Korean specimens and GenBank data of S. pallidus. This species is widely distributed in cold sea water along the western part of the North Pacific and the Northwest Atlantic.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2020

The genus Philanthus Fabricius, 1790 in Korea are reviewed, and two species, Philanthus triangulum and P. coronata, are treated. The former is new to Korea. This species is easily separated from congeners by dense punctures in propodral enclosure and tri-forked marking in lower face. DNA barcoding test is supportive in our identification as well as conspecitficity of Korean materials showing variation in size and coloration. The observed data on flower associations of this species specified with domestic localites and date are separately provided. The current status of Philanthus coronatus that has been the only representative of the genus but forgotten for a lengthy time in Korea is discussed.