• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4475-4482
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• 2014

Background: Cisplatin, a DNA damaging agent, induces apoptosis through increasing DNA fragmentation. However, identification of intrinsic resistance molecules against Cisplatin is vital to estimate the success of therapy. Bag-1 (Bcl-2-associated anthanogene) is one anti-apoptotic protein involved in drug resistance impacting on therapeutic efficiency. Elevated levels of this protein are related with increase cell proliferation rates, motility and also cancer development. For this reason, we aimed to understand the role of Bag-1 expression in Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cervix cancer cells. Cisplatin decreased cell viability in time- and dose-dependent manner in wt and Bag-1L+HeLa cells. Although, $10{\mu}M$ Cisplatin treatment induced cell death within 24h by activating caspases in wt cells, Bag-1L stable transfection protected cells against Cisplatin treatment. To assess the potential protective role of Bag-1, we first checked the expression profile of interacting anti-apoptotic partners of Bag-1. We found that forced Bag-1L expression prevented Cisplatin-induced apoptosis through acting on Mcl-1 expression, which was reduced after Cisplatin treatment in wt HeLa cells. This mechanism was also supported by the regulation of heat shock protein (Hsp) family members, Hsp90 and Hsp40, which were involved in the regulation Bag-1 interactome including several anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and c-Raf.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-203
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• 1993

In understanding radiosensitivity a new concept of inherent radiosensitivity based on individuality and heterogeneity within a population has recently been explored. There has been some discussion of possible mechanism underlying differences in radiosensitivity between cells. Ataxia telangiectasia (AT), a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, is characterized by hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and other DNA damaging agents at the cellular level. There have been a lot of efforts to describe the cause of this hypersensitivity to radiation. At the cellular level, chromosome repair kinetics study would be an appropriate approach. The purpose of this study was to better understand radiosensitivity En an approach to investigate kinetics of induction and repair of $G_2$ chromatic bleaks using normal, AT heterozygous (ATH), and AT homozygous lymphoblastoid cell lines. In an attempt to estimate initial damage, $9-{\beta}-D-arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine,$ an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and repair, was used in this study. It was found from this study that radiation induces higher chromatid breaks in AT than in normal and ATH cells. There was no significant differences of initial chromatid breaks between normal and ATH cells. Repair kinetics was the same for all. So the higher level of breaks in AT $G_2$ cells is thought to be a reflection of the increased initial damage. The amount of initial damage correlated well with survival fraction at 2 Gy of cell survival curve following radiation. Therefore, the difference of radiosensitivity in terms of $G_2$ chromosomal sensitivity is thought to result from the difference of initial damage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1637-1646
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• 2010

The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is one of the most resistant organisms to ionizing radiation and other DNA-damaging agents. Although, at present, 30 Deinococcus species have been identified, the whole-genome sequences of most species remain unknown, with the exception of D. radiodurans (DRD), D. geothermalis, and D. deserti. In this study, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray analysis of three Deinococcus species, D. radiopugnans (DRP), D. proteolyticus (DPL), and D. radiophilus (DRPH), was performed using oligonucleotide arrays based on DRD. Approximately 28%, 14%, and 15% of 3,128 open reading frames (ORFs) of DRD were absent in the genomes of DRP, DPL, and DRPH, respectively. In addition, 162 DRD ORFs were absent in all three species. The absence of 17 randomly selected ORFs was confirmed by a Southern blot. Functional classification showed that the absent genes spanned a variety of functional categories: some genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, cell envelope, cellular processes, central intermediary metabolism, and DNA metabolism were not present in any of the three deinococcal species tested. Finally, comparative genomic data showed that 120 genes were Deinococcus-specific, not the 230 reported previously. Specifically, ddrD, ddrO, and ddrH genes, previously identified as Deinococcus-specific, were not present in DRP, DPL, or DRPH, suggesting that only a portion of ddr genes are shared by all members of the genus Deinococcus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

Perilla rust is a damaging disease in perilla cultivation in Korea. Its causal agent was identified as Coleosporium plectranthi based on descriptions of morphological characteristics of spores and spore-producing fruiting structures(in uredinial and telial stages from perilla and in aecial stage from the alternate host pine) collected in 15 locations in Korea during the disease survey from 2004 to 2006. These characteristics were yellow or orange uredinium; globose or ellipsoid urediniospore of $20.8{\mu}m{\times}18{\mu}m$ in size; verruca of $0.3mm{\times}1.2mm$; orange telium; one-celled, oblong ellipsoid teliospore of $63.1{\mu}m{\times}19.7{\mu}m$ with one-layered crusts or four-celled(when mature), internal basidium of $64.2{\mu}m{\times}19.7{\mu}m$; ellipsoid to globoid basidiospore of $20.3{\mu}m{\times}12{\mu}m$; type 2 spermogonium; yellow, broadly ellipsoid peridial cell of $35.6{\mu}m{\times}23.1{\mu}m$; and broadly ellipsoidal or subglobose aeciospore of $25.9{\mu}m{\times}18.8{\mu}m$. Phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA sequences revealed the closest relatedness to those of the genus Coleosporium, a monophyletic group distinguished from other rust fungi and divided into two main lineages, one of which was C. plectranthi grouped with high bootstrap value(96%). In pathogenicity test, both aeciospores and urediniospores caused rust development on perilla leaves. This is the first description of C. plectranthi causing perilla rust with the first findings of its telial stage on perilla and the first rust disease on the aecial host in Pinus densiflora. These aspects would provide basic information for the development of control measures of the disease.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.13-34
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of administration of Guibitang on ovarian functions and differential gene expressions related cell viabilities caspase-3, MAPK and MPG in female mice. Methods: We administered the Guibitang to 6-week-old female ICR mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. Then, the female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. The mice divided into 3 different groups for each experiment. To compare the differences, we set a control group treated with plain water at the same volume by the same way. Results: administration of Guibitang, the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes increased significantly compared to control group. And the rates of blastocyst formation from 2-cell stages alsa increased significantly compared to control group. Capase-3 gene expression which is known to maker gene for cell apoptosis were significantly lower than that of control group. And MAPK and MPG gene expressions for cell viability and DNA repair were same that of control group. Conclusion: From our results suggested that the medication of Guibitang has beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damaging and promotion of cell proliferation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2004

Recombinant E.coli ACV 1003 (recA::lacZ) releasing ${\beta}$-galactosidase by a SOS regulon system, when exposed to DNA-damaging compounds, have been used to effectively monitor endocrine disruptors. Low enzyme activity of less than 10 units/mL, corresponding to a $\mu\textrm{g}$/L(ppb) range of an endocrine disruptor (tributyl tin, bisphenol A. etc.), can be rapidly determined, not by a conventional time-consuming and tedious enzyme assay, but by an alternative interferometric biosensor. Heavily boron-doped porous silicon for application as an interferometer, was fabricated by etching to form a Fabry-Perot fringe pattern, which caused a change in the refractive index of the medium including ${\beta}$-galactosidase. In order to enhance the immobilization of the porous silicon surface, a calyx crown derivative (ProLinker A) was applied, instead of a conventional biomolecular affinity method using biotin. This resulted in a denser linked formation. The change in the effective optical thickness versus ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity, showed a linear increase up to a concentration of 150 unit ${\beta}$-galactosidase/mL, unlike the sigmoidal increase pattern observed with the biotin.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.229-233
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• 2004

The bacterial leaf blight, which is caused by Xantho-monas oryzae pv. oryzae, is the most damaging and intractable disease of rice. To identify the genes involved in the virulence mechanism of transposon TnS complex, which possesses a linearized transposon and transposase, was successfully introduced into X. oryzae pv. oryzae by electroporation. The transposon mutants were selected and confirm the presence of transposition in X. oryzae pv. oryzae by the PCR amplification of transposon fragments and the Southern hybridization using these mutants. Furthermore, transposon insertion sites in the mutant bacterial chromosome were deter-mined by direct genomic DNA sequencing using transposon-specific primers with ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer. Efficiency of transposition was influenced mostly by the competence status of X. oryzae pv. oryzae cells and the conditions of electroporation. These results indicated that the insertion mutagenesis strategy could be applied to define function of uncharacterized genes in X. oryzae pv. oryzae.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2017

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is an enzyme responsible for the initial step in the base excision repair pathway and is known to be a potential drug target for treating cancers, because its expression is associated with resistance to DNA-damaging anticancer agents. Although several inhibitors already have been identified, the identification of novel kinds of potential inhibitors of APE1 could provide a seed for the development of improved anticancer drugs. For this purpose, we first classified known inhibitors of APE1. According to the classification, we constructed two distinct pharmacophore models. We screened more than 3 million lead-like compounds using the pharmacophores. Hits that fulfilled the features of the pharmacophore models were identified. In addition to the pharmacophore screen, we carried out molecular docking to prioritize hits. Based on these processes, we ultimately identified 1,338 potential inhibitors of APE1 with predicted binding affinities to the enzyme.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.291-312
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species are capable of damaging biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which can not only lead to various diseases, but also oxidative damage resulting aging. In our previous study, Cercis chinensis (Leguminosae) showed a potent antioxidant activity. Nineteen compounds were isolated through antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. The C. chinensis extract and some of the constituents exhibited a potent antioxidant activity on the free radicals and lipid peroxidation and a notable protective effect on the t-BuOOH induced oxidative damage. In vivo test of skin damage induced by UVB irradiation, the extract of C. chinensis and a constituent, piceatannol, exhibited a significant protective effect. The life-span of the HEK-N/F cells were extended by 1.21-2.12 fold as a result of the continuous administration of 3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the C. chinensis extract and the active constituents compared to that of the control. These observations were attributed to the inhibitory effect of the C. chinensis extract and its constituents on the age-dependent shortening of the telomere. Thus, C. chinensis was demonstrated to protect the skin cells against oxidative stress and inhibit thereby the cellular aging, followed by expectation as anti-aging cosmetic ingredient.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.261-266
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• 1995

Age-related change in the frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosornal aberrations were investigated in bone marrow cells of accelerated senescence-resistant mice (SAM R1) and senescence accelerated ones (SAM P1). And the effect of chronic treatment of ginseng extract (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on these chromosomal abnormalities was tested in SAM P1. SCE frequency in the cells was progressively increased with age in both mice, but it was consistently higher in SAM P1 than in SAM R1 at all corresponding age. Chromosomal aberrations were, however, not significantly changed with age except that it was slightly increased in only aged SAM P1. Interestingly, the rate of these genetic instabilities in SAM P1 was remarkably retarded by long-term administration of ginseng water extract (0.05% in drinking water). These results suggest that frequency of spontaneous SCE in bone marrow cells increase in parallel with senescence of the mice, and SAM P1 is in the condition of being more exposed than SAM R1 to DNA damaging factors. These also indicate that long-term treatment of ginseng may reduce the genetic damage.