• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.83-102
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• 2018

The process model of emotion regulation suggests that cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression engage at different time points in the regulation process. Although multiple brain regions and networks have been identified for each strategy, no articles have explored changes in network characteristics or network connectivity over time. The present study examined (a) the whole-brain network and six other resting-state networks, (b) their modularity and global efficiency, which is an index of the efficiency of information exchange across the network, (c) the degree and betweenness centrality for 160 brain regions to identify the hub nodes with the most control over the entire network, and (d) the intra-network and inter-network functional connectivity (FC). Such investigations were performed using a traditional large-scale FC analysis and a relatively recent sliding window correlation analysis. The results showed that the right inferior orbitofrontal cortex was the hub region of the whole-brain network for both strategies. The present findings of temporally altering functional activity of the networks revealed that the default mode network (DMN) activated at the early stage of reappraisal, followed by the task-positive networks (cingulo-opercular network and fronto-parietal network), emotion-processing networks (the cerebellar network and DMN), and sensorimotor network (SMN) that activated at the early stage of suppression, followed by the greater recruitment of task-positive networks and their functional connection with the emotional response-related networks (SMN and occipital network). This is the first study that provides neuroimaging evidence supporting the process model of emotion regulation by revealing the temporally varying network efficiency and intra- and inter-network functional connections of reappraisal and suppression.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-38
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and anticirrhotic effects of Ganyeumilhobang(GIE) on the acute and chronic liver injury induced by various agents. Chronic liver injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) ; a new experimental model for cirrhosis and the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat. Acute liver njury induced by carbon tetrachloride$(CCl_4)$ and D-galactosamine ; a experimental model for acute liver injury, the administration of $CCl_4$ and the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine in the rat. The development of fibrosis and acute liver injury by the three prescriptions were examined by the chemical analysis of AST, ALT, prothrombin time and hydroxyproline. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The increasing level of hydroxyproline volume induced by DMN in mice was decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 2. The degree of histological fibrosis and hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration induced by $CCl_4$ decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 3. The increase of senun AST and ALT of mice with acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ and D-galactosamine was inhibited by the administration of GIB. 4. The prolongation of prothrombin time(seconds) of mice acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ was shortened by the oral administration of GIB. 5. The liver of mice was hepatectomized partial1y after the oral administration of GIB. The mitotic index(% of nuclei), weight of liver, contents of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis of the liver tissue were increased by the oral administration of GIB.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1996

Antimutagenic effect of Doenjang (Korean soy paste) on various carcinogens in Salmonella typhimurium strains of TA98 and TA100 were studied. By the addition of methanol extract of Doenjang to aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁)in the experimental system, the mutagenicity of AFB₁ on the strains of TA98 and TA100 was com-pletely inhibited. The methenol extract of the Doenjang also inhibited the mutagencities induced by direct mutagens such as N-methy1-N'-nitro-N-nitroguanidine(MNNG)and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO), and another indirect mutagens of benzo(a) pyrene(BaP) and dimethylnitrosamine(DMN). From the solvents and thin layer chromatographic(TLC) fractionations, free fatty acid(s), especially linoleic acid in Doenjang seemed to be one of the active antimutagenic compounds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2006

Laser pyrolysis is a very suitable method for the synthesis of a wide range of nanoparticles. A pilot unit based on this process has been recently developed at CEA. This paper reports results showing the possibility to produce SiC and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles at rates of respectively 1 and 0.2 kg/h and also the possibility to adjust the mean grain size of the particles and their structure by changing the laser intensity and reactants flow rates. First tests of liquid recovery have been also successfully performed to limit the risks of nanoparticles dissemination in the environement during their recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2012

Objectives : Characteristic symptoms, including hyperactivity and easy distractibility, in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that their brain status, even at rest, might differ from that of healthy children. This study was conducted in order to determine whether resting state brain activity is compromised in medication-naive children with ADHD. Methods : Twenty medication-naive children with ADHD (mean age $10.3{\pm}2.5$) and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (mean age $10.3{\pm}2.0$) underwent measurements for resting state brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Among resting state related-independent components (RSICs) extracted from fMRI data using independent component analysis, a significant difference in RSICs was observed between groups, using a mixed Gaussian/gamma model. Results : Except for IQ, which was higher in the healthy control group, no demographic difference was observed between the two groups (p<.001). Significantly less activation of one RSIC, which includes the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, occipito-temporal junction, and anterior cingulate cortex, was observed in the ADHD group, compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : An abnormal RSIC, posterior default mode network (DMN), was observed in the medication-naive ADHD group. Results of our study suggest that abnormality of posterior DMN is one of the main pathophysiologies of ADHD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.727-733
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to identify the mechanism about the regulation of appetite by examining the expression patterns of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus of mice either fasting mouse for 24 hours or with anorexia mutant mouse. In order to investigate the patterns of expression of neurpeptide Y, immunohistochemistry was employed for measurements at the tissue level, along with the molecular biological techniques of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and dot blotting. The results of this study are as follows. The level of expression of neruopeptide Y, a neuropeptide known to enhance appetite, was shown to be lowered in the arcuate nucleus(ARC), paraventricular nucleus(PVN), lateral hypothalamic area(LHA), and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus(DMN) in both the fasting and anorexia mutant groups when measured via immunohistochemistry, a tissue-level method. RT-PCR and dot blotting, the molecular biological methods employed in this study, revealed that the level of neuropeptide Y mRNA in the entire hypothalamus was similar in the control and fasting groups and lower in the anorexia mutant group. The results of the present study showed that while the levels of expression of the neuropeptide Y in the various hypothalamic regions studied did not exhibit regular increases or decreases when measured immunohistochemically. But the entire hypothalamus via molecular biological methods showed that the changes in these levels were more definite in the anorexia mutant group than in the fasting group.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.522-529
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• 1991

The purpose of this research is to evaluate effects of chloramphenicol, phenobarbital and progesterone on damage of DNA, RNA and protein which was induced by dimethylnitrosamine. $N,N-Di[^{14}C]$ methyl-nitrosamine (DMN) was used as a damaging agent and levels of DNA, RNA and protein damage in liver, brain and pancreas were compared with a control group. Pretreatment of mice with chloramphenicol increased protein damage in pancreas two times more than the control level. Liver RNA damage was increased up to 5.8 times and brain DNA damage up to 6.95 times by treatment of phenobarbital but brain RNA damage was decreased significantly down to 21% of the control group. The damage of liver RNA was significantly decreased by treatment of progesterone, although liver protein damage, pancreas RNA damage and pancreas protein damage were increased.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 1999

Aluminum oxynitride spinel (ALON) was synthesized by the direct melt nitridation (DMN) process using aluminum metal and aluminium oxide. The amount of ALON increased with increasing the reaction sintering temperature. The specimen containing up to 10 wt% Al showed ALON phase only when heat-treated beyond $1750^{\circ}C$. Whereas the specimen composed of more than 12 wt% Al showed unreacted AlN phase. Bulk density of reaction-sintered specimen was increased with increasing sintering temperature, except the speimen containing unreacted AlN where the density slightly decreased when heat-treated beyond $1750^{\circ}C$, Transgranular fracture mode was observed predominantly in the specimen with higher Al content.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1143-1148
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• 2010

We investigated the separation of nitrogen heterocyclic compound (NHC) contained in a model coal tar fraction comprising four kinds of NHC [indole (In), quinoline (Q), iso-quinoline (iQ), quinaldine (Qu)], three kinds of bicyclic aromatic compound (BAC) [1-methylnaphthalene (1MN), 2-methylnaphthalene (2MN), dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) mixture with ten structural isomers (DMNs; regarded as one component)], biphenyl (Bp) and phenyl ether (Pe) by liquid membrane permeation (LMP). A batch-stirred tank was used as the permeation unit. An aqueous solution of saponin and n-hexane were used as the liquid membrane and the outer oil phase, respectively. Yield and selectivity of individual NHC was much larger than that of BAC, Bp and Pe. Increasing the initial mass fraction of the saponin to the membrane solution ($C_{sap,0}$) and the initial volume fraction of O/W emulsion to total liquid in a stirred tank (${\phi}_{OW,0}$) resulted in deteriorating the yield of individual NHC, but increasing the stirring speed (N) resulted in improving the yield of each NHC. With increasing $C_{sap,0}$, the selectivity of each NHC based on DMNs increased. Increasing ${\phi}_{OW,0}$ and N resulted in decreasing the selectivity of individual NHC based on DMNs. At an experimental condition fixed, the sequence of the yield and selectivity in reference to DMNs for each NHC was Q > Qu = iQ > In. Furthermore, we compared LPM method with methanol extraction method in view of the separation efficiency (yield, selectivity) of NHC.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.527-536
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• 2020

Liver fibrosis constitutes a significant health problem worldwide due to its rapidly increasing prevalence and the absence of specific and effective treatments. Growing evidence suggests that apoptosis-signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is activated in oxidative stress, which causes hepatic inflammation and apoptosis, leading to liver fibrogenesis through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) downstream signals. In this study, we investigated whether selonsertib, a selective inhibitor of ASK1, shows therapeutic efficacy for liver fibrosis, and elucidated its mechanism of action in vivo and in vitro. As a result, selonsertib strongly suppressed the growth and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and induced apoptosis by increasing Annexin V and TUNEL-positive cells. We also observed that selonsertib inhibited the ASK1/MAPK pathway, including p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HSCs. Interestingly, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis was significantly alleviated by selonsertib treatment in rats. Furthermore, selonsertib reduced collagen deposition and the expression of extracellular components such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen type I in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, selonsertib suppressed fibrotic response such as HSC proliferation and extracellular matrix components by blocking the ASK1/MAPK pathway. Therefore, we suggest that selonsertib may be an effective therapeutic drug for ameliorating liver fibrosis.