• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

Purpose: Although premsnstrual syndromes(PMS) have long been recognized, there has been difficulty to evaluate the symtoms. Usually the questionnaire has been used to dignose the PMS. Objective is to investigate the relationship of body temperature between women with PMS and without PMS. Methods: We studied 23 patients visiting OO hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. The Questionnaire for PMS was used to evaluate physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms accompanying the menstrual cycle of the subjects. The subjects were categorized in two groups, non-PMS(11) and PMS group(12). Body temperature was assessed by Dorex spectrum 9000MB (DOREX Inc., USA). We measured CV4, CV3, CV12 and CV17 to evaluate the distribution of body temperature, compared the difference of temperature(${\Delta}T$) between CV17-CV4, CV17-CV3, CV17-CV12 and CV12-CV3. We investigated the of temperature and ${\Delta}T$ between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The temperature of CV3 and CV4 of PMS located in low abdomen were lower than those of non-PMS located in chest. But there was no statistical significance of temperature between two groups. There was lower temperature of low abdomen in PMS group than non-PMS group without statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that DITI could be useful to assess the PMS objectively. But more research should be needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

The Background and Purpose : Most diagnostic method for the facial palsy were invasive and complex. And we don't know very well prognosis for the recovery of facial palsy in the first stage after the onset. But the Digital Infrared Thermal Image(DITI) isn't invasive and complex diagnostic method for the facial palsy. So we should study on the clinical prognostic diagnosis of Bell's palsy among facial palsy with the DITI. Objective and Methods : This study researched into the clinical statistics for 89 case who are in Bell's palsy, and they are treated with oriental medical care at the Woosuk university during 2 years form November 1998 to October 2000. All objectives have the Grade 6(Zero state) of Bell's palsy in first week after the onset. It takes a patient's facial temperature after the onset. Group A is taken from 1 day to 4 days after the onset. Group B is taken from 5 day to 8 days after the onset. And group C is taken from 9 day to 12 days after the onset. Results and Conclusions : The Digital Infrared thermal image technique showed the more high temperature, the more rapid cure and short treatment period on TE23, B2, S3, S6 in abnormal site of Bell's palsy. But it showed the more low temperature, the more rapid cure and short treatment period on TE17 of abnormal site of Bell's palsy. As a conclusion, we could think that the prognostic diagnosis of Bell's palsy closely related with the thermal difference normal and abnormal site of Bell's palsy that were took picture after the onset.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2009

Objective: I carried out this study for research on thermographic change of DITI by Sugi Therapy. Methods: This study was conducted on 22 normal cases (M : F =4:18) with no past history to observe the effect of Sugi Therapy. 22 cases were divided into 2 groups. One group is a control group treated by only Acupuncture Therapy. The other group is a treatment group treated by Acupuncture Therapy and Sugi Therapy. I measured temperature of abdomen and palm by DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging) before and after treatment Result: 1. Overall the temperature difference of the treatment group was bigger than that of the control group. 2. On the palm, the average value of the treatment group was -0.56±0.70, which is lower 10 times than -0.06±0.91 of the control group. 3. On Chung-wan(CV12), the average value of the treatment group was 1.20±0.49, which is 2.15 times higher than 0.56±0.44 of the control group. 4. On Kwanwon(CV4), the average value of the treatment group was 0.77±0.73, which is 1.38 times higher than 0.55±0.39 of the control group. 5. To compare the temperature difference on the palm, Chung-wan(CV12) and Kwanwon(CV4) before and after treatment, the order is like this :Chung-wan(CV12) > Kwanwon(CV4) > palm of all treatment group and control group. Conclusion: I came to a conclusion that Sugi Theraphy is likely to work better with Acupuncture Therapy better than only Acupuncture Therapy, especially on Chung-wan(CV12).

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2002

Objectives : It is the object of Qigong therapy to promote the circulation of Qi and blood, and to relieve mentality by way of warming lower Danjon. In this study, to prove that Qigong therapy could actually subside heat on upper or middle Danjon and warm the temperature on lower Danjon, we observed the thermal changes of upper, middle, lower Danjon before and after Qigong therapy and compared them. Methods : We selected 16 patients, treated Qigong therapy and examined by D.I.T.I.(Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging) before and after Qigong therapy, among patients who visited. Qigong clinic, Kangnam Korean hospital, Kyunghee University(Daechi-2dong, Kangnam-Gu) from april to october, 1999. We watched the difference of temperature among upper, middle, lower Danjon before and after Qigong therapy, and used student T-test(paired type, 2 tail) for proving effects of Qigong therapy statistically. Conclusions 1. The difference of temperature$({\Delta}T)$ between upper(Ex-HN3) and lower Danjon(CV4) significantly decreased about $0.55^{\circ}C$ after Qigong therapy(p<0.01). 2. The difference of temperature${\Delta}T$ between middle(CV17) and lower Danjon(CV4) significantly decreased about $0.39^{\circ}C$ after Qigong therapy(p<0.05). 3. The difference of temperature${\Delta}T$ between upper(Ex-HN3) and middle Danjon(CV17) decreased about $0.25^{\circ}C$ after Qigong therapy, but it was not statistically significant.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2002

Causes of infertility include a wide range of physical, as well as emotional factors. In Oriental medicine, women's infertility is believed to be caused by the deficiency of the Chung and Ren vessel. Then the Kidney Qi is collapsed and cold. Many infertility women complain the cold hypersensitivity and/or body coldness, especially on the lower abdomen, back and knee. The aim of this study is to examine the interrelationship between infertility and body surface temperature. The 25 infertility women were allocated as infertility group and 25 fertility women (experienced delivery or pregnancy), as control group at the Kangnam Korean Hospital, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea, from April to December 2000. Thermographic observations for this study were made using the Dorex DITI on 3 different areas's cold hypersensitivity: lower abdomen, back and knee. All data were coded for computer analysis and significances were tested by Mann-Whitney Test. The mean ${\Delta}T$ for abdomen cold hypersensitivity was $0.25{\pm}1.77^{\circ}C$ On control group and $1.00{\pm}0.39^{\circ}C$, infertility group. The mean ${\Delta}T$ for back cold hypersensitivity was $1.75{\pm}0.40^{\circ}C$ on control group and $1.21{\pm}0.58^{\circ}C$, infertility group. The mean ${\Delta}T$ for knee cold hypersensitivity was $0.65{\pm}0.70^{\circ}C$ on control group and $1.32{\pm}0.58^{\circ}C$, infertility group. It was revealed that the cold hypersensitivity on the lower abdomen, back and knee are significantly inter-related to the women infertility. These results do not conflict with the view of Oriental medicine. According to the above results, it is concluded that the body surface temperature, cold hypersensitivity and/or body coldness, have a great effect on women infertility.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the pain relief effect of moxibustion therapy in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS). Methods : A male with type I CRPS, 48-year-old, who suffered from severe pain and paresthesia on his legs despite of treatments of oral medications and spinal cord stimulation was treated by indirect moxibustion following Korean medicine dianosis. Total 20 moxibustion treatments(once daily, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks) were given on the 4 acupoints(both side) where known to be effective fro the CRPS. Visual analogue scale(VAS), digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI), Beck depression index(BDI) were evaluated before and after the treatments. Pain relief, thermal changes on affected legs, and improvement of depression scale were observed after the treatments. Results : As for DITI, right thigh showed low temperature compared with left on before the treatments. While after the treatments, DITI showed similar temperature in both legs at discharge day. Conclusions : Though it is a case report, moxibustion therapy might have pain relief effect. Further rigorous case series and controlled trials are warranted.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment on a patient suffering from CRPS Type 1. Methods : A 30-year-old female patient suffering from CRPS Type 1 with symptoms of intense burning pain, joint stiffness, restricted mobility, rapid hair and nail growth, allodynia, hyperalgesia and coldness of the right leg was treated with acupuncture on six acupuncture points on the leg from 13 July to 18 July of 2011. Improvement of the patient's symptoms was evaluated by Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), Digital Infrared Thermographic Image(DITI). Results : After 6 days of treatment, NRS score decreased significantly and the DITI results showed moderate improvement in temperature. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture may be an effective in reducing the symptoms of CRPS. Further study is needed to evaluate the significancy of this report.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

Purpose: Although premsnstrual syndromes(PMS) have long been recognized, there has been difficulty to evaluate the symtoms. Usually the questionnaire has been used to dignose the PMS. Objective is to investigate the relationship of body temperature between women with PMS and without PMS. Methods: We studied 23 patients visiting ㅇㅇ hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. The Questionnaire for PMS was used to evaluate physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms accompanying the menstrual cycle of the subjects. The subjects were categorized in two groups, non-PMS(11) and PMS group(12). Body temperature was assessed by Dorex spectrum 9000MB (DOREX Inc.. USA). We measured CV4, CV3, CV12 and CV17 to evaluate the distribution of body temperature, compared the difference of temperature(${\Delta}T$) between CV17-CV4, CV17-CV3, CV17-CV12 and CV12-CV3. We investigated the of temperature and ${\Delta}T$ between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The temperature of CV3 and CV 4 of PMS located in low abdomen were lower than those of non-PMS located in chest. But there was no statistical significance of temperature between two groups. There was lower temperature of low abdomen in PMS group than non-PMS group without statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that DITI could be useful to assess the PMS objectively. But more research should be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.223-235
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate thermal effect and medication compliance of red ginseng extract. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical study was performed. Twenty four healthy, married women aged 30-45 years with FSFI score below 25 were randomly divided into two groups; red ginseng group(N=12) and placebo group(N=12). During the first 6-week period (Study1), each group was dosed with red ginseng or placebo twice a day. Before starting the second 6-week period(Study2), a crossover design was chosen with a 2-week break(Washout period). Interchanging two groups after Washout period, red ginseng and placebo were dosed to each group. The efficacy of thermal effect was measured with subjective warm sensation scale and lower abdomen temperature by Digital Infrared Thermographic imaging(DITI) before and after each 6-week period. A medication compliance was assessed after each 6-week period and the correlation medication compliance between Sasang Constitution and subjective warm sensation was analyzed. Results: Overall 23 participants completed the study. In subjective warm sensation scale, after taking placebo, all participants exhibited an improving trend, but there was no significant difference. In lower abdomen temperature by DITI, statistically significant objective thermal effect of red ginseng was also not shown. A medication compliance was higher in Yin constitution(Taeumin, Soeumin), and showed an upward trend with decreasing subjective warm sensation. But no statistically significant difference was exhibited. Conclusion: Statistically significant thermal effect of red ginseng was not shown in this study. We anticipate if a long-term clinical trial is practiced, significant thermal effect of red ginseng will be shown.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of infrared thermography in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome by comparing with electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic findings. Method: From January 2014 to October 2017, electrodiagnosis, ultrasound, and digital infrared thermal image (DITI) of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed in a single hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects with bilateral symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, fibromyalgia, rheumatic disease, systemic infection, inflammation, malignant tumor, and other musculoskeletal disorders such as finger osteoarthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cervical radiculopathy, and the previous history of surgery were excluded. Results: Of 53 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, 11 were male and 42 were female. The visual analogue scale was 4.9 ± 1.9, and the duration of symptom was 11.8 ± 12.5 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the body surface temperature between the unaffected and affected sides. The severity of symptoms, electrodiagnostic findings, and cross-sectional area of the median nerve significantly correlates to each other. The temperature difference between the second fingers of the affected and unaffected sides showed a weak correlation with the amplitude of sensory nerve action potential and onset latency of compound muscle action potential, when there was no significant correlation with the other parameters. Conclusion: The difference in temperature on the surface of the body, which can be confirmed by DITI, is little diagnostic value when DITI is performed in unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome patients, especially when compared with ultrasonography.