• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2014

Duck feet gelatin (DFG) gel was added as a fat replacer to low-fat frankfurters and the effect of DFG on physicochemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of low-fat frankfurters was evaluated. DFG gel was prepared with a 20% duck feet gelatin concentration (w/w). Adding DFG decreased lightness and increased yellowness of the low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). However, DFG did not affect redness of low-fat frankfurters (p>0.05). The statistical results indicated that adding DFG improved cooking yield of low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). In addition, replacing pork back fat with DFG resulted in increased moisture content, protein content, and ash content of low-fat frankfurters, and the low-fat frankfurter formulated with 5% pork back fat and 15% DFG gel had the highest moisture content and lowest fat content (p<0.05). Adding of DFG increased all textural parameters including hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess of low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). In terms of sensory properties, the low-fat frankfurter formulated with 5% pork back fat and 15% DFG gel showed similar satisfaction scores for the flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance when compared to the regular frankfurters (20% back fat). Therefore, our results suggest that DFG could be an effective novel source, as a fat replacer, for manufacturing of low-fat frankfurters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.255-263
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• 1998

Dust-free garment prevents contamination which otherwise is caused by skin and clothes to protect from dust or dirt. Therefore, it requires high performance and should function as a working clothes. Clothes are a medium between human and thermal environmental system, and it is required to study human enviroment to ensure comfortableness of clothes and to satisfactorily go along with enviroment .This study investigates the physical and physiological features of dust-free garment used in the clean room at a semiconductor factory in oredr to scientifically clarify what the dust-free garmint is as well as to contribute to the design and development of high performance material and clothes. Three kinds of dust-free fabrics (DFG-I, DFG-II, DFG-III) which are being developed by a local company are used to manufacture dust-free garment. These dust-free garments are dressed and tested in such an enviroment as similar to semiconmemts with temperature at 23${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ and humidity at 50${\pm}$5%RH in order to investigate the thermo physiological and psychological features of human body. The results of this study are as follows. The results of this study are as follows. 1.The mean skin temperature was significantly different among the clothes, subjects and experimental time. Temperature tends to rise from the time of exercising load. Continuous motion coupled sealed clothes prevents heat transmittance, and temperature rises in the order of DFG-l, DFG-ll and DFG-lll as time course. 2.As for the skin temperature by local timperature is minimun on the head and torso and increares remarkably at the terminal part of human body. 3. As for the body mass loss was significantly higher in DFG-lll than DFG-l and DFG-ll. 4. Though there is no significant difference in the temperature within clothes among the kind of clothes temperature is 1$^{\circ}C$ higher in the back. Temperature within all the dust-free garments 29.7$^{\circ}C$ in the back and 31.3$^{\circ}C$ in the chest which belong to the comfort zone(31-33$^{\circ}C$). The relative humidity is 39.7%RH in the chest and 33.8%RH in the back which is slightly below the comfort zone(40-60%RH) 5. The thermal sensation belong to the comfort zone regardless of the kinds of clothes. The subjects feels a slight fatigue as times goes. As for the subjective sense of subjects the mean skin temperature as well as temperature and humidity within clothes show similar tendency. This means that they relate with each other.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.3
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• pp.24-31
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• 1998

This paper presents a pipeline high-level synthesis tool for designing trace-back systolic array viterbi decoder. It consists of a dta flow graph(DFG) generator and a pipeline data path synthesis tool. First, the DFG of the vitrebi decoder is generated in the from of VHDL netlist. The inputs to the DFG generator are parameters of the convolution encoder. Next, the pipeline scheduling and allocationare performed. The synthesis tool explores the design space efficiently, synthesizes various designs which meet the given constraints, and choose the best one.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.278-278
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• 2015

우리나라의 산사태 및 토석류의 발생 시기는 주로 7,8,9월에 집중 되어 있고 유발인자 중 강우는 산사태 및 토석류를 발생시키는 가장 큰 인자이다. 특히 강원도 지역은 산지지형이 많고 여름철 장마나 국지적인 집중호우에 의해 토석류의 발생빈도가 다른지역에 비해 많다. 7,8,9월의 누적 강우량이 1,100mm 이상이 되는 지역에서 극심한 피해가 발생하고 누적강우량이 많을수록 규모도 커지게 된다. 이러한 결과는 취약지역에서 강우에 의해 토석류가 발생한 가능성이 증가한다는 것을 의미하며, 일정이상의 강우가 발생할 시 취약성이 낮은 지역에서도 토석류 및 산사태가 발생할 가능성이 충분이 있다는 것을 의미한다. (양인태 등, 2009) 따라서 강우발생에 따른 토석류 발생기준에 대해서 정립할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 강원도 지역의 산사태 및 토석류 발생이력에 대해서 강우데이터를 분석하여 강우기준을 설정 하였다. 강우관측소는 국토교통부, 한국수자원공사, 기상청의 강우자료를 활용하였다. 관측소의 선택은 Thiessen Polygon에 의해 선택하였고, 유효시간에 따라 강우강도, 유효평균 강우강도, 누적강우량을 산정하여 DFG (Debris-Flow Guidance) 곡선을 작성하여 강우기준을 설정하였다. 또한 토질과 유효토심에 따라 강우기준을 제시하였다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2018

Terahertz (THz) wave generation by periodically poled $BaTiO_3$ (PPBT) with a quasi-phase-matching (QPM) scheme based on cascaded difference-frequency generation (DFG) is theoretically analyzed. The cascaded DFG processes comprise cascaded Stokes and anti-Stokes processes. The calculated results indicate that the cascaded Stokes processes are stronger than the cascaded anti-Stokes processes. Compared to a noncascaded Stokes process, THz intensities from $20^{th}$-order cascaded Stokes processes increase by a factor of 30. THz waves with a maximum intensity of $0.37MW/mm^2$ can be generated by $20^{th}$-order cascaded DFG processes when the optical intensity is $10MW/mm^2$, corresponding to a quantum conversion efficiency of 1033%. The high quantum conversion efficiency of 1033% exceeds the Manley-Rowe limit, which indicates that PPBT is an excellent crystal for THz wave generation via cascaded DFG.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.169-173
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• 2016

Terahertz (THz) generation by a GaP ridge waveguide with a collinear modal phase-matching scheme based on cascaded difference frequency generation (DFG) processes is theoretically analyzed. The cascaded Stokes interaction processes and the cascaded anti-Stokes interaction processes are investigated from coupled wave equations. THz intensities and quantum conversion efficiency are calculated. Compared with non-cascaded DFG processes, THz intensities from 11-order cascaded DFG processes are increased to 5.48. The quantum conversion efficiency of 177.9% in cascaded processes can be realized, exceeding the Manley-Rowe limit.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2017

Terahertz (THz) generation by periodically-poled $KTiOPO_4$ (PPKTP) with a quasi-phase-matching scheme based on cascaded difference frequency generation (DFG) processes is theoretically analyzed. The cascaded Stokes interaction processes and the cascaded anti-Stokes interaction processes are investigated from coupled wave equations. THz intensities and quantum conversion efficiency are calculated. Compared with non-cascaded DFG processes, THz intensities from 10-order cascaded DFG processes are increased to 5.53. The quantum conversion efficiency of 479.4% in cascaded processes, which exceeds the Manley-Rowe limit, can be realized.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1121-1124
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• 1987

Previous methods to map from a FORTRAN-like specification into a systolic array were difficult to find data dependencies because the specification was expressed and executed sequentially. Data-flow graph(DFG)s show data dependencies explicitly. In this paper we show a mapping tool from a DFG specification into a systolic array. We introduce the concept of a Systolic Pattern Stream(SPS) and use that concept to derive a systolic array.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.657-660
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• 2000

This paper proposes a Data-Flow-Graph (DFG) restructuring to reduce calculating errors in loop folding scheduling. The prime cause of calculating error is rounding errors due to the restriction of the operation digit of functional units. This rounding error is increased more by using multipliers than adders, so reducing the number of multiplications and putting off them as much as possible reduce rounding errors. The proposed approach reduces the number of multiplications by restructuring DFG in loop folding.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.633-649
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• 2022

This paper is first implemented with the bending behavior of three-dimensional functionally graded (3DFG) plates in the framework of level set-based topology optimization (LS-based TO). Besides, due to the suitable properties of the current design domain, the thin-plate spline (TPS) is recognized as a RBF to construct the LS function. The overall mechanical properties of the 3DFG plate are assessed using a power-law distribution scheme via Mori-Tanaka micromechanical material model. The bending response is obtained using the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The mixed interpolation of four elements of tensorial components (MITC4) is also implemented to overcome a well-known shear locking problem when the thickness becomes thinner. The Hamilton-Jacobi method is utilized in each iteration to enforce the necessary boundary conditions. The mathematical formulas are expressed in great detail for the LS-based TO using 3DFG materials. Several numerical examples are exhibited to verify the efficiency and reliability of the current methodology with the previously reported literature. Finally, the influences of FG materials in the optimized design are explained in detail to illustrate the behaviors of optimized structures.