• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.206-210
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• 2003

Effects of NaCl concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3%) on the physico-chemical characteristics of dark, firm, dry (DFD) and normal meat batter were examined. Before heating, pH values of DFD and normal meat batter decreased up to 0.23 (DFD) and 0.2 (normal) units, which after heating increased up to $0.16{\sim}0.28$ and $0.17{\sim}0.23$ units, as NaCl concentration increased from 0 to 3%. Cooking loss and diameter reduction of DFD meat batter were lower than those of nomal meat batter and decreased. whereas protein solubilities and emulsion stabilities of DFD and normal meat increased, with increasing NaCl concentration. Protein solubility and emulsion stability of DFD meat were higher than those of nomal meat (p<0.05). Viscosity and hardness of DFD meat batter were higher than those of normal meat batter and increased as NaCl concentration increased from 0 to 3%.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2020

Purpose: Management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) varies from center to center. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a dairy-free diet (DFD) and the 6-Food Elimination Diet (SFED) as initial therapies for the treatment of EoE in our practice. Methods: This was a retrospective study of children who had been treated for EoE at Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA. Pre- and post-treatment endoscopy findings and histology results of patients treated with DFD or SFED were examined. Results: One hundred fifty-two patients (age 9.2±5.2 years, 76.3% male, 69.7% caucasian) met the inclusion criteria for initial treatment with DFD (n=102) or SFED (n=50). Response for DFD was 56.9% and for SFED was 52.0%. Response based on treatment duration (<10, 10-12, and >12 weeks) were 81.8%, 50.0%, and 55.1% for DFD, and 68.8%, 50.0%, and 40.0% for SFED. Response based on age (<6, 6-12, and >12 years) were 59.3%, 42.9%, and 67.5% for DFD, and 36.4%, 58.8%, and 72.7% for SFED. In patients treated with DFD, concomitant proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration resulted in improved outcomes (p=0.0177). Bivariate regression analysis showed that PPI with diet is the only predictor of response (p=0.0491), however, there were no significant predictors on multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: DFD and SFED are effective first line therapies for EoE. DFD should be tried first before extensive elimination diets. Concomitant therapy with PPI's may be helpful.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.246-253
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• 2013

Based on the conventional 2-6GHz digital frequency discriminator (DFD) using the phase unwrapping and least-squares techniques, we propose a new 2-18GHz DFD. To compensate for lowered-precision frequency estimation due to the expanded bandwidth, the proposed DFD design employs more delay lines, accordingly accompanying high complexity. Thus, a new computationally efficient frequency estimation algorithm is also presented to overcome such high computational burden. More specifically, the proposed frequency estimation algorithm is basically based on the conventional phase unwrapping technique, along with a new candidates selection for the unwrapped phases under the condition that the phase margin is known. As a result, the computational burden required for the least-squares technique can be reduced. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, compared with those of the conventional DFD's.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

In this paper, a new method for obtaining three-dimensional shape of an object by measuring relative blur between images using wavelet analysis has been described. Most of the previous methods use inverse filtering to determine the measure of defocus. These methods suffer from some fundamental problems like inaccuracies in finding the frequency domain representation, windowing effects, and border effects. Besides these deficiencies, a filter, such as Laplacian of Gaussian, that produces an aggregate estimate of defocus for an unknown texture, can not lead to accurate depth estimates because of the non-stationary nature of images. We propose a new depth from defocus (DFD) method using wavelet analysis that is capable of performing both the local analysis and the windowing technique with variable-sized regions for non-stationary images with complex textural properties. We show that normalized image ratio of wavelet power by Parseval's theorem is closely related to blur parameter and depth. Experimental results have been presented demonstrating that our DFD method is faster in speed and gives more precise shape estimates than previous DFD techniques for both synthetic and real scenes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.706-709
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• 2005

A hybrid focus method with multiple laser slits has been newly proposed and it is based on the integration of DFD and DFF Rough depth information is estimated using DFD equipped with multiple laser slits, and then DFF is applied to only each specific depth range using the depth information resulting from DFD. The proposed hybrid method gives more accurate results than DFD and DFF, and faster measurement than DFF. Its performance has been verified through experiments of calibration blocks with sharp depth discontinuity.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.362-371
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• 2014

Blur variation caused by camera de-focusing provides a proper cue for depth estimation. Depth from Defocus (DFD) technique calculates the blur amount present in an image considering that blur amount is directly related to scene depth. Conventional DFD methods use two defocused images that might yield the low quality of an estimated depth map as well as a reconstructed infocused image. To solve this, a new DFD methodology based on infocused and defocused images is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, the outcome of Subbaro's DFD is combined with a novel edge blur estimation method so that improved blur estimation can be achieved. In addition, a saliency map mitigates the ill-posed problem of blur estimation in the region with low intensity variation. For validating the feasibility of the proposed method, twenty image sets of infocused and defocused images with 2K FHD resolution were acquired from a camera with a focus control in the experiments. 3D stereoscopic image generated by an estimated depth map and an input infocused image could deliver the satisfactory 3D perception in terms of spatial depth perception of scene objects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.80-81
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• 1999

최근 환경문제를 고려한 디자인의 방향은 '생태적으로 균형된(Eco-Balancing)' 방법이어야 한다고 공감하고 있다. 이는 제품의 생산, 유통, 소비, 폐기의 전 과정에 걸쳐 발생되는 에너지 소비, 재활용도, 오염도, 폐기문제 등의 총체적 개념에서 재료와 생산방법을 평가하고, 이를 디자인 문제해결의 초기 단계에서부터 적극적으로 고려하는 확대된 개념으로 변화된 것이다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.814-820
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• 2003

This paper presents a new DFD methodology to estimate the standard disassembly time and evaluate the disassemblablity of a product. The disassembly time is estimated with some decision and influencing factors of disassembly using motion analysis. The disassemblablity is evaluated using weights of the decision and influencing factors and disassembly difficulty scores. and the tables that include the time and stores of disassembly are suggested Finally, a new DFD support system is implemented to help designers to analyze the Product during the design process in concurrent engineering.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

Information obtained from DFD(Data Flow Diagram) are very important in system maintenance, because most legacy systems are analyzed using DFD in structured analysis. In our thesis, we design and implement an extractor for design sequence of database tables using DFD. Our extractor gets DFDs as input data, transform them into a directed graph, and extract design sequence of DB tables. We show practicality of our extractor by applying it to a s/w system in operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.9 s.186
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• pp.111-118
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• 2006

A hybrid focus method with multiple laser slits is newly proposed for the measurement of surface morphology with depth discontinuity, and it is based on the integration of DFB and DFF. Rough depth information is estimated through calibration tables which are constructed by DFD with multiple laser slits, and then DFF is applied to only each specific depth range using the rough depth information resulting from DFD. The proposed hybrid method gives more accurate results than DFD and DFF, and faster measurement than DFF in the vicinity of depth discontinuity Its performance is verified through experiments of calibration blocks with sharp depth discontinuity.