• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

Most of buildings have been deteriorated with time-elapse by reflection of the building location, material, environmental circumstances and so on. The performance would go down and be demolished if anything could not be done after constructed. The maintenance should be required to preserve a decent living condition or improve a inferior condition by various plans and practices. The maintenance plan needs various data such as a repair scope, a repair time, a forecasted cost, a plan of management and so forth. Among the above required data for planning the maintenance, the deterioration characteristics of the building components would be first analyzed. The deterioration pattern would be a key role to affect and make a maintenance plan. In this paper, it aimed at classifying the deterioration patterns of building components. A deterioration pattern would be analyzed between the cumulative repair cost and time-elapse and modeled with these relations. A deterioration patterns are classified into 4 types-a accelerated type, a straight type, a temporary type and a slowly type. As a result of this research, a accelerated type includes window, window frame, general paintings, general water proofing in building components. A straight type includes the lacquer paintings, furnishings in building components and water supply pipe, boiler, sanitaries in mechanical facilities and lighting in electric facilities. Based on these research results, further study should be conducted to include any other components and an estimating model.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to understand the differences between Sasang constitutional types and to identify the physical symptoms presentation specific to each Sasang constitutional type. 2. Methods: In this descriptive study, 2,629 subjects (1,061 Taeeum-type, 683 Soeum-type, 885 Soyang-type) were surveyed between Nov 1, 2007 and Jul 31, 2010. The subjective symptoms experienced by the subjects were collected using a Physical Symptoms questionnaire, and the subjects were interviewed by Sasang specialists who determined the subjects' constitutional type. The data (in crude number and percentage) was analyzed on the general characteristics, Sasang constitutional type, and physical symptoms using the SPSS 17.0 software. The symptomatic presentation in men and women were analyzed on Sasang constitutional distribution using the chi-square test. 3. Results: 1) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type were as follows: 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'lingering fatigue after sleep', 'headache', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration' and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type; and 'excessive forgetfulness' in the Soyang type. 2) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in men were as follows: 'Unilateral or bilateral headaches, 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'common cold symptoms presenting as rhinorrhea or nasal congestion', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 3) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in women were as follows: 'common cold symptoms presenting as headaches', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'pain in knees', 'redness of eyes', 'dryness of mouth', 'common cold symptoms presenting as coughing', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration', 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 4. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physical symptoms present in constitutional type-specific patterns. Understanding of the personal Sasang constitutional type and systematic, personalized healthcare based on constitutional typology is anticipated to contribute to improved health management strategy.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Infiltration of moisture, polluted material, and deicer into concrete, accompanied by freeze and thaw can cause significant deterioration of concrete pavement. In order to protect concrete from deterioration, it is necessary to prevent the infiltration of these concrete external materials. The moisture-repellent agent, which is a surface treatment and maintenance material added to concrete structures to render them water resistant, has advantages such as prevention of water infiltration and security against air permeation. Nano-coat, which is referred to as silicon hydride, is typically used as a moisture-repellent agent. Therefore, in this study, an attempt is made to use penetration-type Nano-coat as an alternative in order to evaluate its applicability through environmental resistance tests. METHODS : This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of penetration-type Nano-coat, which can provide water repellency to concrete, in concrete pavements, through various environmental resistance tests such as freezing and thawing resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, and surface scaling resistance tests. The applicability of penetration-type Nano-coat was demonstrated based on the specification of KS F 2711, KS F 2456, and ASTM C 672. RESULTS :In the case of penetration-type Nano-coat applied on sound concrete, an increase in concrete durability was demonstrated by the negligible chloride ion penetrability and the absence of scaling, as revealed by visual observation of the surface, after 50 cycles of scaling resistance test. In addition, test result of the application of penetration-type Nano-coat on deteriorated concrete established that concrete surface pretreated by grinding provided improved durability than non-treated concrete. CONCLUSIONS :This study indicates that penetration-type Nano-coat is applicable as an effective alternative, to increase the durability of concrete structures. In addition, it was known that pretreatment of deteriorated concrete surface, such as grinding, is required to improve the long-term performance of concrete pavement.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.209-212
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• 2006

Until now, sulfate attack is not completely understood. The purpose of this study is to provide a fundamental data to understand deterioration mechanism by sulfate attack. Chemical processes for products formed by sulfate attack were explained in this study. ASTM C1012 test and microstructural observations such as XRD and BSE analysis were carried out to manifest behavior and role of the products formed during sulfate attack. Regarding the dominant causes of sulfate attack, the main deterioration modes could be divided into 3 types; (1) expansive type, (2) onion-peeling type, and (3) acidic type.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

본 연구는 산악형 국립공원으로 분류된 6개 국립공원 53개 노선 204.5 km 구간을 대상으로 탐방로의 물리적 특성 및 훼손유형, 훼손정도 등을 파악하여 공원관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 탐방로의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 노면의 평균경사는 $14.6^{\circ}$, 평균 노폭은 1.5 m, 평균 나지폭은 1.1 m로 조사되었고, 훼손유형은 6개의 유형이 2,686회 나타났으며, 노면침식 현상이 전체 훼손유형의 37%로 가장 많은 발생을 보였다. 다음으로 뿌리노출 현상, 노폭확대 현상, 분기 현상, 암석노출 현상, 비탈붕괴 현상 순으로 조사되었고, 훼손정도를 조사한 결과, "건전" 구간이 165.34 km로 80.9%를 차지하고 있었고, "강" 구간이 9.08 km, "중" 구간이 12.69 km, "약" 구간이 17.39 km로 훼손구간은 39.16 km에 훼손율은 19.1%로 조사되었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2022

본 연구는 현장조사 및 실내시험을 바탕으로 궤도형식별 열화에 영향을 미치는 핵심매개변수를 도출하였다. 기존 궤도 열화모델은 자갈궤도에 국한된 모델로서 콘크리트궤도의 열화평가는 연구된 것이 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 운행선 궤도형식별 다양한 궤도구조의 특성이 반영된 열화요인을 도출하고자 궤도구성품의 성능수준 및 상태평가를 위한 실내시험을 수행하였다. 또한 궤도유지관리 이력데이터에 대한 분석을 통해 궤도열화 및 유지관리에 영향을 미치는 매개변수를 도출하였다. 현장조사, 궤도유지관리 이력데이터 분석 및 현장시료를 이용한 궤도구성품의 성능시험을 통해 궤도성능기반의 궤도열화 매개변수는 궤도침하 및 궤도지지강성에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 도상자갈과 방진패드인 것으로 분석되었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1999

본 연구는 초음파 측정법을 사용하여 부분방전에 의한 에폭시 몰드형 전력변압기의 열화상태을 진단하기 위해 에폭시수지의 트리진전에 초음파신호를 분석하였으며, 또한 열화시간에 따른 트리길이, 방전전하량 및 초음파 펄스수의 특성을 조사하였다. 실험 결과, 애폭시수지에 발생된 트리는 수지령이면, 인가전압 16[kV]에 대한 트리 길이 및 트리 폭의 평균성 장률은 각각 0.014 및 0.026[mm/min] 이였으며, 20[kV]의 경우 이들 값은 각각 0.032 및 0.063[mm/min]으로 더욱 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 열화중기 이후 트리가 성장함에 따라 초음파 펄스수 및 부분방전 전하량은 급격히 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 초음파 펄스수는 방전전하량에 비례하여 증가되었다. 또한 몰드형 전력변압기의 초음파 측정시 기본 데이터를 얻기 위해 초음파 발진 및 수신장치를 사용하여 에폭시수지에 대한 초음파신호의 감쇄, 시간지연 및 지향특성도 조사하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2015

This paper describes the analysis of deterioration characteristics for connection factor used in grounding system. The connection method of grounding system is specified in IEC standard. In order to analyze the deterioration characteristics for connection factor, deterioration test was carried out when the connection factor was buried in salt water and underground. The test connection factors were C-type sleeve, clamp, and exothermic welding. As a consequence, most of the connection factor was corroded, and the electrical resistance decreased after deterioration. The analytical results can be used to establish the safety of grounding system.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.669-683
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• 2012

The water supply pipes are buried across wide range of areas, so it is hard to spot them using excavation and takes a large amount of expense. Thus, there is a high risk for direct research and application, accompanying many difficulties in implementation of them. Therefore, it is more economical and convenient to use indirect evaluation variables than direct evaluation of the buried pipes in assessing the degree of pipe deterioration. To assess the degree of pipe deterioration using the indirect evaluation variables, it should be done first to identify how and to what extent they affect the degree of deterioration. This study measured the evaluation variables for pipe deterioration using the pipe endoscope and analyzed the measurement results and the degree of impact on the pipes. In addition, this study attempted to evaluate the adequateness of the pipe deterioration evaluation using the indirect variables based on the analysis results. The evaluation variables measured through the pipe endoscope were the thickness of sediments, size of scale, degree of desquamation and condition of connections. For the indirect evaluation variables, the data such as the property data from GIS pipe network map as well as the material, diameter, age and pipe lining material of the pipe, road type, leakage frequency, average water velocity and water pressure using the leakage repair records was collected. Using the collected data, this study comparatively analyzed the indirect evaluation variables for the degree of pipe deterioration and the results from the pipe endoscope to choose appropriate variables for pipe deterioration evaluation and calculated the weights of the indirect variables on the degree of deterioration. The results showed that the order of the impact of indirect variables on deterioration was pipe age > pipe lining material > road type > leakage frequency > average water velocity with their weights of 0.45, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.10, respectively. Conclusively, the results suggest that the measures of sediment thickness, scale size, degree of desquamation and condition of connections are appropriate for the evaluation of pipe deterioration and sufficient for the analysis of the impact of the indirect variables on deterioration.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2001

해안에 근접한 콘크리트 구조물이 동결음해 작용을 받을 경우, 내륙 콘크리트에 비해 내구성능 저하가 촉진된다. 그리고 최근 동절기에 차량의 안전 주행을 위해 도로 및 교량에 염화칼슘 등의 제설제의 산포량이 현격히 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 내륙 콘크리트 구조물도 해안 콘크리트 구조물과 마찬가지로 동결융해와 염해의 복합작용에 의한 내구성능 저하가 염려된다. 미국, 일본 및 유럽 등에서는 제설제가 콘크리트에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그리고 제설제가 콘크리트에 미치는 영향을 검토하는 시험방법이 제정되었다. 그러나 우리 나라에서는 동결융해와 염해에 대한 복합 내구성능 저하시험방법은 제정되어 있지 않으며 또한 이에 대한 연구가 이루지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동결융해와 염해의 복합작용을 받는 콘크리트의 내구성능 저하를 평가하는 방법을 검토하기 위해 복합 내구성능 저하 실험을 실시하였다. 복합시험에서 시멘트 종류, 강도, 공기량 등이 스케링에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 염화물 존재 하에서 동결융해 작용을 받는 경우, 콘크리트의 스케링 손실이 촉진된다. 또한 스케링에 대한 저항성은 사용 시멘트 종류, 콘크리트의 강도, 공기량의 영향을 크게 받는다.