• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1901-1910
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• 2023

The safety-class (1E) digital control system (DCS) of nuclear power plant characterized structural multiple redundancies, therefore, it is important to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of DCS in different degree of backup loss. In this paper, a reliability evaluation model based on T-S fuzzy fault tree (FT) is proposed for 1E DCS of nuclear power plant, in which the connection relationship between components is described by T-S fuzzy gates. Specifically, an output rejection control system is chosen as an example, based on the T-S fuzzy FT model, the key indicators such as probabilistic importance are calculated, and for a further discussion, the T-S fuzzy FT model is transformed into Bayesian Network(BN) equivalently, and the fault diagnosis based on probabilistic analysis is accomplished. Combined with the analysis of actual objects, the effectiveness of proposed method is proved.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2020

In this paper, a compact microstrip-fed dual-band planar antenna for global positioning system (GPS) and mobile handset applications is presented. Dual operating frequency bands are achieved by an open end L-shaped slot and a bent rectangular slot. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on the FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.3, thickness of 1.6 mm and size of 57 × 57 ㎟. The measured impedance bandwidth (|S₁₁|≤ -10dB) of the fabricated antenna is 60 MHz(1550 ~ 1610 MHz) in the GPS band and 670 MHz (1690 ~ 2360 MHz) in the DCS / IMT-2000 band, covering the required bandwidths for GPS(1570 ~ 1580 MHz) and DCS / IMT-2000 (1710 ~ 2200 MHz) bands. In particular, it has been observed that antenna has a good omnidirectional radiation patterns as well as high gain of 2.36 dBi and its efficiency is more than 90 % over the entire frequency band of interest.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.486-493
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• 2007

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and the pathogenesis of AD is associated with the release of various cytokines/chemokines due to activated $Th_2$ immune responses. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotide in the context of particular base sequence (CpG motifs) are known to have the immunostimulatory activities in mice and to convert from Th2 to Th1 immune responses in AD. We aimed to investigate that CpG ODN, especially phosphodiester form, can stimulate the protective immunity in NC/Nga mice with AD. We isolated BMDCs from NC/Nga mice and then, cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, and treated for 2 days by either phosphorothioate ODN or phosphodiester ODN. CpG ODN-treated DCs resulted in more production of IL-12. When CpG ODN-treated DCs were intravenously injected into the NC/Nga mice, the NC/Nga mice with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed significant improvement of AD symptoms and decrease of IgE level. Histopathologically, the NC/Nga mice skin with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed the decreased IL-4 and TARC expression comparing with non-injected mice. These results may suggest that phosphodiester CpG ODN-treated DCs might function as a potent adjuvant for AD in a mouse model.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1687-1696
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• 2015

Supplementation with probiotics can protect against the development of food allergies by modulating the host immune response; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the allergy-reducing effects of regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) induced by Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-sensitized mice. The L9 supplement suppressed the aberrant balance of Th1/Th2 responses to BLG in mice, via upregulation of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell responses. The amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes increased by 51.85%. Furthermore, administration of L9 significantly induced the expression of CD103 and reduced the maturation status of DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) were activated by L9 in vitro, with an approximate 1.31-fold and 19.57-fold increase in expression of CD103 in CD11c+DCs and the level of IL-10 production, respectively, while the expression of CD86 did not change significantly. These data demonstrate that L9 reduced the BLG allergic sensitization, likely through regDCs mediated active suppression.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1571-1576
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• 2005

DCS has many processing components and various communication elements. And its communication delay characteristic is affected diverse operating situation and context. Especially, binding signal which traversed from one control-node to another control-node undergo all sort of delay conditions. So its delay value has large deviation with the lapse of time, and the measurement of delay statistics during long time is very difficult by using general oscilloscope or other normal instruments. This thesis introduces the design and implementation of PC-based BDAS(Binding Delay Analysis System) System developed to overcomes these hardships. The system has signal-generator, IO-card, data-acquisition module, delay-calculation and analyzer module, those are implemented on industrial standard PC/Ethernet hardware and Windows/Linux platforms. This system can detect accurate whole-system-wide delay time including io, control processing and network delay, in the resolution of msec unit, and can analyze each channel's delay-historic data which is maintained by realtime database. So, this system has strong points of open system architecture, for example, user-friendly environment, low cost, high compatibility, simplicity of maintenance and high extension ability. Of all things, the measuring capability of long-time delay-statistics obtained through historic-DB make the system more valuable and useful, which function is essential to analyze accurate delay performance of DCS system. Using this system, the verification of delay performance of DCS for nuclear power plants is succeeded in KNICS(Korea Nuclear Instrumentation & Control System) projects

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.1545-1556
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• 2020

Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed the Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms (MRCPs) for adult male and female to overcome the limitations of the current Voxel-type Reference Computational Phantoms (VRCPs) described in ICRP Publication 110 due to the limited voxel resolutions and the nature of voxel geometry. In our previous study, the MRCPs were used to calculate the dose coefficients (DCs) for idealized external exposures of photons and electrons. The present study is an extension of the previous study to include three additional particles (i.e., neutrons, protons, and helium ions) into the DC library by conducting Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations with the Geant4 code. The calculated MRCP DCs were compared with the reference DCs of ICRP Publication 116 which are based on the VRCPs, to appreciate the impact of the new reference phantoms on the DC values. We found that the MRCP DCs of organ/tissue doses and effective doses were generally similar to the ICRP-116 DCs for neutrons, whereas there were significant DC differences up to several orders of magnitude for protons and helium ions due mainly to the improved representation of the detailed anatomical structures in the MRCPs over the VRCPs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2015

Purpose: Accuracy and variability of movement in daily life require synchronization of muscular activities through a specific chronological order of motor performance, which is controlled by higher neural substrates and/or lower motor centers. We attempted to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary sensorimotor areas (SM1) could influence movement variability in healthy subjects, using a tapping task. Methods: Twenty six right-handed healthy subjects with no neurological or psychiatric disorders participated in this study. They were randomly and equally assigned to the real tDCS group or sham control group. Direct current with intensity of 1 mA was delivered over their right SM1 for 15 minutes. For estimation of movement variability before and after tDCS, tapping task was measured, and variability was calculated as standard deviation of the inter-tap interval (SD-ITI). Results: At the baseline test, there was no significant difference in SD-ITI between the two groups. In two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement no significant differences were found in a large main effect of group and interaction effect between two main factors (i.e., group factor and time factor (pre-post test)). However, significant findings were observed in a large main effect of the pre-post test. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the anodal tDCS over SM1 for 15 minutes with intensity of 1 mA could enhance consistency of motor execution in a repetitive-simple tapping task. We suggest that tDCS has potential as an adjuvant brain facilitator for improving rhythm and consistency of movement in healthy individuals.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2006

Mizoribine (MZR) has been shown to possess immunosuppressive activity that selectively inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes by interfering with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. The efficacy of MZR is not only in patients who have had renal transplantation, but also in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus nephritis, and primary nephritic syndrome. Because the exact mechanism of its immunosuppressive action is not clear, the object of this study was to examine the ability of MZR to regulate the antigen presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells (DCs). In this work, we tested whether MZR ($1{\sim}10\;{\mu}g/mL$) could inhibit the cross-presentation of DCs. DC2.4 cells ($H-2K^{b}$) or bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) generated from BM cells of C57BL/6 mouse ($H-2K^{b}$) were cultured in the presence of MZR with OVA-microspheres, and the amount of OVA peptide-class I MHC complexes was measured by a T cell hybridoma, B3Z, that recognizes OVA (257-264 : SIINFEKL)-$H-2K^{b}$ complex and expresses-galactosidase. MZR profoundly inhibited the expression of SIINFEKL-$H-2K^{b}$ complexes. This inhibitory activity of MZR appeared to affect the phagocytic activity of DCs. MZR also decreased IL-2 production when we examined the effects of MZR on $CD4^{+}$ T cells. These results provide an understanding of the mechanism of immunosuppressive activity of MZR on the inhibition of MHC-restricted antigen presentation and phagocytic activity in relation to their actions on APCs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.364-369
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• 2002

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is remarkably efficient at establishing chronic infection. One of the reasons for this appears to be the suppression of the accessory cell function of professional antigen presenting cells. In the present study, the immunosuppressive activity of HCV protein was examined on dendritic cells (DCs) generated from mouse bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro. We found that the DCs forced to express HCV protein have defective allostimulatory ability. DCs expressing HCV protein were phenotypically indistinguishable from normal DCs. However, they were unable to produce IL-12 effectively when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The functional domain of the HCV protein essential for immunosuppression was determined using a series of ${NH_2}-and$ C-terminal deletion mutants of HCV core protein. We found that amino acid residues residing between the 21 st and the 40th residues from the ${NH_2}-terminus$ of HCV core protein are required for immunosuppression. These findings suggest that HCV core protein suppresses the elicitation of protective Th1 responses by the inhibition of IL-12 production by DCs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.5 s.120
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• pp.503-510
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• 2007

This paper proposes the design scheme of internal triple band antenna intended for using in GSM900, DCS1800, and PCS1900 bands. The suggested folding metal plates of the two branches are mounted on a dielectric coated ground plane for size miniaturization and durability. Return losses are overlapped when length of metal branches are controlled. This is important technique for wide band operation. For the suggested antenna geometry its return loss was calculated by HFSS 9 simulator, and was shown to be -10 [dB] less within the required band. Also, gain and radiation pattern of antenna were measured using far field measurement system in an anechoic chamber. The measured peak gain is more than 3.0 [dBi], and the average gain is over -1.0 [dBi] for the triple band, which is regarded as satisfactory for the internal antenna application. Also, the radiation pattern for two frequencies shows a similar shape each other within the required band.