• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.94-102
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the isokinetic muscular endurance of the lower extremity for young adults. Method: Thirteen young adults performed isokinetic fatigue tasks for two experimental conditions including real tDCS and sham stimulation protocols. Before and after the task, the tensiomyography was used for evaluating muscle contraction characteristics of vastus medialis and semitendinosus. Paired t-test was performed to compare the fatigue index, changes in maximum radial displacement (∆Dm), delay time (∆Tc), and velocity of contraction (∆Vc) between tDCS conditions. Results: We found no significant differences in the fatigue index between real and sham conditions. In addition, the analyses identified no significant different values of ∆Dm, ∆Tc, and ∆Vc in the vastus medialis and semitendinosus between real and sham conditions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the tDCS protocols may have no acute effect on lower limb muscle endurance for young adults. Future studies should consider the long-term effects of repetitive tDCS sessions, various stimulation positions, exercise tasks, and participant characteristics to more clearly understand the effect of tDCS on muscle endurance of lower extremities.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.16.1-16.20
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• 2022

The gastrointestinal tract is the first organ directly affected by fasting. However, little is known about how fasting influences the intestinal immune system. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) capture antigens, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, and provoke adaptive immune responses. We evaluated the changes of intestinal DCs in mice with short-term fasting and their effects on protective immunity against Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Fasting induced an increased number of CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs in both small intestinal lamina propria (SILP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN). The SILP CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs showed proliferation and migration, coincident with increased levels of GM-CSF and C-C chemokine receptor type 7, respectively. At 24 h post-infection with LM, there was a significant reduction in the bacterial burden in the spleen, liver, and mLN of the short-term-fasted mice compared to those fed ad libitum. Also, short-term-fasted mice showed increased survival after LM infection compared with ad libitum-fed mice. It could be that significantly high TGF-β2 and Aldh1a2 expression in CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs in mice infected with LM might affect to increase of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells. Changes of major subset of DCs from CD103⁺ to CD103^- may induce the increase of IFN-γ-producing cells with forming Th1-biased environment. Therefore, the short-term fasting affects protection against LM infection by changing major subset of intestinal DCs from tolerogenic to Th1 immunogenic.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.2 s.42
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• pp.112-116
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• 2005

This paper describes the implementation of DCS communication network that provides high bandwidth and reliability. The network for DCS in this paper adopts the Reflective Memory (RM) architecture and Fast Ethernet physical media that have 100 Mbps bandwidth. Also, This network uses Ring Enhancement Device (RED) which is invented to reduce the time delay of each node. The DCS network that is introduced in this paper is named as ERCNet (Ethernet based Real-time Control Network). This paper describes the architecture and working algorithms of ERCNet and performs numerical analysis. In addition, the performance of ERCNet is evaluated by experiment using the developed ERCNet network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2011

최근 무선 센서 네트워크의 수집 데이터에 대해 에너지 효율적인 저장 및 질의 처리를 위한 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 데이터 중심 저장 (DCS: Data-Centric Storage) 기법은 인-네트워크 방식 기반의 효율적인 데이터 저장과 질의 처리를 위해 제안된 기법이다. DCS 기법은 수집 데이터의 값에 따라 저장 될 위치를 미리 결정하여 각 데이터가 발생시 해당 위치에 인-네트워크 방식으로 저장한다. 이를 통해 질의 처리시 불필요한 질의 배포를 최소화 시킨다. 하지만 기존에 제안된 DCS 기법들은 수집되는 데이터의 발생 범위를 고정적으로 설정한다. 따라서 시기별로 상이한 범위의 데이터가 발생되는 실제 응용에 서는 저장 공간 활용의 불균등을 초래하여 네트워크 수명을 단축시킨다. 본 논문은 시간이 지남에 따라 변화 하는 데이터 발생 패턴에 상황 적응적인 범위 설정 기법을 적용하여 네트워크 전반에 걸쳐 노드들의 저장 공간을 균등하게 사용하는 상황 인지 데이터 중심 저장 방식을 제안한다. 또한 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 기존 DCS 기법과 성능을 비교평가 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.572-575
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• 2007

In this paper, we proposed a internal antenna for Quad band for GSM/DCS/USPCS/WCDMA Handset. Antenna Structure is designed to PIFA type. Antenna planed two independence patterns to reduce the size for efficiency and used shoting pin and inverse seven_type slit. Also they miniaturized the antenna construction electronic length for duty. furthermore, they designed and producted the antena height for 5w and ground term for 40*80mm. It is because they have wondered the thickness of terminal. used of for reduce size efficiently. The radiation pattern characteristic of antenna is compared and analyzed E-plane and H-plane at 920MHz, 1800MHz.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2665-2669
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• 2015

CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in regulation of immnue response and maintenance of self-tolerance. Studies have found Tregs could suppress tumor-specific T cell-mediated immune response and promote cancer progression. Depletion of Tregs can enhance antitumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells and capable of activating antigen-specific immune responses, which make them ideal candidate for cancer immunotherapy. Now various DC vaccines are considered as effective treatment for cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate variation of Tregs in BALB/C mice with hepatocellular carcinoma and investigate the interaction between tumor-derived Tregs, effector T cells (Teff) and splenic DCs. We found the percentages of Tregs/CD4+ in the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice were higher than in normal mice. Tumor-derived Tregs diminished the up-regulation of costimulatory molecule expression on splenic DCs, even in the presence of Teff cells and simultaneously inhibited IL-12 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by DCs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.5C
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• pp.422-434
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• 2002

We propose 3-layered hierarchical fiber-optic backbone transmission network composed of B-DCS, Backbone ring, Edge ring for efficient transmission of high capacity traffic and consider design method to ensure network survivability of each layer at affordable cost. Mathematical ring-construction cost minimization using MIP(Mixed Integer Programming) models results in NP-complete problem. So, it is hard to solve it within reasonable computing time. on a large-scale network. Therefore we develop heuristic algorithms solving WSCAP(Working and Spared Channel Assignment Problem) for B-DCS, MRLB(Multi-Ring Load Balancing) problem for Backbone ring, and ORLB(Overlayed Ring Load Balancing) problem for Edge ring and show their usefulness through case study.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new type of PIFA with a capacitor structure inserted into the feeding loop. It operates in GSM900, DCS, PCS, and W-CDMA frequency bands. By inserting the capacitor, it shows the effect of lowering the return loss from -2.73 dB to -6.26 dB at the parallel frequency, 2.01 GHz. The improvement of the poor radiation property near the parallel resonance frequency leads to a broadband operation in the upper band, DCS, PCS, and W-CDMA.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

In this paper, we design and implement a DCS (Distributed Control System) based on dual field-bus for ship engine. For monitoring and controlling the condition of the ship engine, an implemented DCS is consisted of two-tier communication structure by using CAN (Controller Area Network) and MODBUS protocols. The first-tier is consisted of CAN protocol for sharing the condition of the ship engine by each implemented monitoring system. By using MODBUS protocol, the second-tier is used for communicating the monitoring data from an implemented DCS to AMS(Alarm Monitoring System). We verified and tested our scheme and implemented DCS by KR (Korea Register) technical rules through experimental tests.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.206-211
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• 2010

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine is an attractive modality for the treatment of colon cancer because it has been recurred and produced few side effects in patients. Secretory glycoprotein 90K has been found at elevated level in various cancer tissues and sera. We investigated to establish a more effective DC vaccine for the treatment of colon cancer in which the levels of 90K are elevated. Methods: We obtained the concentrated 90K from 293T cells stably expressing 90K. DCs were cultured from peripheral blood monocytes, and a DC vaccine pulsed with tumor lysate was compared with a DC vaccine pulsed with 90K. We measured the functional activity for CTLs by using IFN-${\gamma}$-enzyme linked immunoabsorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results: DCs pulsed with tumor lysate+90K exhibited the enhanced T cell stimulation, polarization of $\ddot{i}$ T cell toward Th1. The CTLs generated by DCs pulsed with 90K efficiently lysed HCT116 cells. The results indicate that 90K-speicifc-CTLs can recognize 90K proteins naturally presented by colon cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 90K-specific CTLs generated by 90K-pulsed DCs could be useful effector cells for immunotherapy in colon cancer.