• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.602-609
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• 2018

Differential GPS (DGPS) is known as a positioning method using pseudo range correction (PRC) which is communicating between a refence receiver and moving receivers. In real world, a moving receiver loses communication with the reference receiver, resulting in loss of PRC real-time communication. In this paper, we assume that the transmission of the pseudo range correction isinterrupted in the middle of real-time positioning situations, in which calibration information is received in the DGPS method. Under the disconnected communication, we propose 'predict DGPS' that real-time virtual PRC model which is modeled by a machine learning algorithm with previously acquired PRC data from a reference receiver. To verify predict DGPS method, we compared and analyzed positioning solutions acquired from real PRC and the virtual PRC. In addition, we show that positioning using the DGPS prediction method on a real road can provide an improved positioning solution assuming a scenario in which PRC communication was cut off.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.605-609
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• 2022

Shaving for adult men is one of the essential requirements for life. For physiological reasons, most adult men have beards, and if men trim their beards and take good care of them, their appearance becomes cleaner. If a dull blade is used for a wet razor, or if an appropriate massage is not used, skin irritation may occur, resulting in shaving wounds. Therefore, the convenience and comfort of the razor are required as much as the skin becomes smooth after shaving. In this paper, a pre-shaving method of sound massage was proposed to reduce the irritation of wet shaving on the skin and increase the convenience of shaving. It softens the skin or secretes oil through non-face-to-face low-frequency speakers to increase skin gloss, making shaving smooth and safe. We recorded the sound of the wet shave state to determine the skin condition before and after the wet shave, and objectively compared and analyzed the effect with this sound spectrum. In other words, it can be seen from the experimental results that the sound massage before shaving reduces the friction between the razor and the skin and the skin and beard by -7.0 dB, improving the skin wound of the wet shave and achieving a refreshing shave.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1997

Undoped and Co-doped $ZnIn_2Se_4$ single crystals crystallized in the tetragonal space group 142m, with lattice constants a=5.748 $\AA$ and c=11.475 $\AA$, and a=5.567 $\AA$ and c=11.401 $\AA$. The optical absorption measured near the fundamental band edge showed that the optical energy band structure of these compounds had an indirect band gap, the direct and the indirect energy gaps of these compounds decreased as temperature changed from 10 to 300 K. The temperature coefficients of the direct energy gaps were found to be $\alpha=3.71\times10^{-4}$eV/K and $\beta$=519 K for $\alpha=3.71\times10^{-4}$eV/K and $\beta$=421K for $ZnIn_2Se_4$: Co. The temperature coefficients of the indirect energy gaps were also found to be $\alpha=2.31\times10^{-4}$ eV/K and $\beta$=285 K for $ZnIn_2Se_4$, and $\alpha=3.71\times10^{-4}$eV/K and $\beta$=609 K for $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co, respectively. Six impurity optical absorption peaks due to cobalt are observed in $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co single crystal. These impurity optical absorption peaks can be attibuted to the electronic transitions between the split energy levels of$CO^{2+}$ ions located at Td symmetry site of $ZnIn_2Se_4$ host lattice. The 1st order spin-orbit coupling constant ($\lambda$), Racah parameter (B), and crystal field parameter (Dq) ARE GIVEN AS -$243\textrm{cm}^{-1}, 587\textrm{cm}^{-1}, \;and\;327\textrm{cm}^{-1}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.602-609
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• 2010

To investigate desalinization patterns of surface reclaimed saline-sodic soil (RSSS) with subsurface layer of macroporous medium, multi-layered soil columns were constructed. For the multi-layered soil columns, gypsum was treated at the rate of 5 cmolc $kg^{-1}$ in surface (top) while coal bottom ash (CBA) was placed into intermediate layer below the gypsum-treated surface soils followed by the reclaimed saline-sodic soil as bottom layer (BL). The lengths of top soil was 30 cm long while the lengths of the CBA were 20 and 30 cm long. The saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ksat) were $0.39{\times}10^{-4}$ and $0.31{\times}10^{-4}cm\;sec^{-1}$ for RSSS(30 cm)-CBA(20 cm)-BL(20 cm) and RSSS(30 cm)-CBA(20 cm)-RSSS(20 cm), respectively while the lowest $K_{sat}$. was $0.064{\times}10^{-4}cm\;sec^{-1}$ for RSSS(30 cm)-CBA(20 cm)+BL(20 cm). The time required to reach the lowest EC in eluent, 0.3 dS $m^{-1}$ from 33.9 dS $m^{-1}$ was shorter in multi-layered soil columns with GR-CBA than that of RS-SRS, representing that rate of desalinization was greater than 99%. Exchangeable Na decreased by 94.8~96.2 %, while exchangeable Ca increased by 98~129 %.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.79-92
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• 2017

We present a BV I optical photometric study of the old open cluster Ruprecht 6 using the data obtained with the SMARTS 1.0 m telescope at the CTIO, Chile. Its color-magnitude diagrams show the clear existence of the main-sequence stars, whose turn-off point is located around $V{\approx}18.45mag$ and $B-V{\approx}0.85mag$. Three red clump (RC) stars are identified at V = 16.00 mag, I = 14.41 mag and B - V = 1.35 mag. From the mean $K_s-band$ magnitude of RC stars ($K_s=12.39{\pm}0.21mag$) in Ruprecht 6 from 2MASS photometry and the known absolute magnitudes of the RC stars ($M_{K_S}=-1.595{\pm}0.025mag$), we obtain the distance modulus to Ruprecht 6 of $(m-M)_0=13.84{\pm}0.21mag$ ($d=5.86{\pm}0.60kpc$). From the ($J-K_s$) and (B - V ) colors of the RC stars, comparison of the (B - V ) and (V - I) colors of the bright stars in Ruprecht 6 with those of the intrinsic colors of dwarf and giant stars, and the PARSEC isochrone fittings, we derive the reddening values of E(B - V ) = 0.42 mag and E(V - I) = 0.60 mag. Using the PARSEC isochrone fittings onto the color-magnitude diagrams, we estimate the age and metallicity to be: $log(t)=9.50{\pm}0.10(t=3.16{\pm}0.82Gyr)$ and $[Fe/H]=-0.42{\pm}0.04dex$. We present the Galactocentric radial metallicity gradient analysis for old (age > 1 Gyr) open clusters of the Dias et al. catalog, which likely follow a single relation of $[Fe/H]=(-0.034{\pm}0.007)R_{GC}+(0.190{\pm}0.080)$ (rms = 0.201) for the whole radial range or a dual relation of $[Fe/H]=(-0.077{\pm}0.017)R_{GC}+(0.609{\pm}0.161)$ (rms = 0.152) and constant ([Fe/H] ~ -0.3 dex) value, inside and outside of RGC ~ 12 kpc, respectively. The metallicity and Galactocentric radius ($13.28{\pm}0.54kpc$) of Ruprecht 6 obtained in this study seem to be consistent with both of the relations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.609-619
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• 2004

An investigation was conducted on the activities around Europe in order to solve the problem of the thermal bridging of steel studs, which had caused a significant disadvantage. This study included the following: diminishing the contact area between the studs and the sheathing, lengthening the heat transfer route, replacing the steel web with a less conductive material, and placing foam insulation in locations where the thermal shorts are most critical. Although energy efficiency is usually the focus of such foreign cases because their stud application is mostly limited to low-rise residential buildings, both structural and thermal performance are taken into consideration in this study because these target middle-story buildings. A hybrid stud composed of steel and polymer was also developed. This hybrid stud, which is 150 SL in size, is made of a galvanized steel sheet (SGC58) and a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) withepoxy bonding. A total of 32 specimens were manufactured. Its parameters comprise two types of connection detail,s: the thickness of steel (1.0mm and 1.2mm) and of the GFRP (4mm-4ply and 6mm-6ply), and the ratio of the length to the depth (L/D = 3, 6, 9, 12). Steel stud specimens with the same conditions were compared to the hybrid stud. The test revealed that in the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.0mm, the maximum load of hybrid studs increased an average of 1.62 times comparedto that of the steel stud. In the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.2mm, on the other hand, the average increase was 1.46times. All specimens showed full composite action until the collapse.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2019

In this study, we fabricated a capacitive humidity sensor with interdigitated (IDT) electrodes using a thermosetting polyimide as a humidifying material. First, the number of electrodes, thickness, and spacing of the polyimide film were optimized, and a mask was designed and fabricated. The sensor was fabricated on a silicon substrate using semiconductor processing equipment. The area of the sensor was $1.56{\times}1.66mm^2$, and the width of the electrode and the gap between the electrodes were each $3{\mu}m$. The number of electrodes was 166, and the length of an electrode was 1.294 mm for the sensitivity of the sensor. The sensor was then packaged on a PCB for measurement. The sensor was inserted into a chamber environment with a temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ and connected to an LCR meter to measure the change in capacitance at relative humidity (RH) of 20% to 90%, 1 V, and 20 kHz. The results showed a sensitivity of 26fF/%RH, linearity of < ${\pm}2%RH$, and hysteresis of < ${\pm}2.5%RH$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.602-609
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• 2015

In this study, for modernization of Korean traditional fermented milk, Tarak was made using four kinds of commercial Makgeolli based on the ancient cookbook Suwoonjabbang. Samples of Tarak were periodically collected during 24 h of fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$. After fermentation, changes in pH, titration acidity, and viscosity were analyzed. Fermentation metabolites, including organic acids and free sugars, were analyzed by HPLC. Numbers of yeast and lactic acid bacteria during 24 h of fermentation were measured. The pH of Tarak significantly decreased (P<0.01), whereas its acidity significantly increased (P<0.01) during fermentation. The viscosity increased during 8~24 h of fermentation until curd was separated in Tarak. The level of ethanol increased from 0.37~0.52 mg/mL to 0.51~0.71 mg/mL during 24 h of fermentation. Lactic acid and lactose were the major organic acid and free sugar in Tarak, respectively. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased from 5.23~6.25 log CFU/mL to 9.87~10.41 log CFU/mL at the beginning during 24 h of fermentation. The number of yeast increased from 5.14~6.47 log CFU/mL to 6.99~7.73 at the beginning during 24 h of fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$. The major strains of Tarak were Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus fermentun, Lactobacillus curvatus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, we concluded that Tarak was a fermented milk by both lactic acid bacteria and yeast, which was similar to koumiss or kefir.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.609-617
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• 2000

This study is aimed at investigating an effect of HCl gas on selective reduction of NOx over a CuHM and $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ catalyst. SCR process is the most effective method to remove NOx, but catalyst can be deactivated by the acidic gas such as HCl gas which is also included in flue gas from the incinerator. In dry condition of flue gas, the CuHM catalyst treated by HCl gas has shown higher NO removal activity than the fresh catalyst. The activity of the catalyst can be restored by treating at $500^{\circ}C$. On the contrary. $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ catalyst is obviously deactivated by HCl and the deactivation increases in proportion to the concentration of HCl gas. The deactivated catalyst is not restored to it's original activity by heat treatment for regeneration. In wet flue gas stream, the CuHM catalyst has shown lower activity than fresh catalyst and $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ catalyst was severely deactivated by HCl treatment. The activity loss of catalysts are mainly due to the decrease of Br$\ddot{o}$nsted acid site on the catalyst surface by $NH_3$ TPD. The change of BET surface area of CuHM catalyst after the reaction isn't observed but $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ catalyst is observed. The amount of $Cu^{{+}{+}}$ and $V_2O_5$ is decreased after the reaction. From these results, it is expected that CuHM catalyst should be better than $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ catalyst for its application to the incineration of flue gas.