• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.33-33
• /
• 2001

The physical properties and the dyeability of the easily dyeable polyester yarn(EDY) were investigated and compared with those of regular polyester (REG-PET). The EDY, copolymerized with small amount of polyethylene glycol(PEG), showed higher intensity of aliphatic CH peak in IR spectrum, lower density and lower compactness than those of the REG-PET from the analysis of IR, density gradient column and XRD respectively. In the physical properties, the EDY has lowers $T_g,\;T_m$, specific stress and initial modulus, and also has higher strain than that of the REG-PET. The EDY can be dyed under atmospheric pressure and its dyeing rate was faster than REG-PET due to low $T_d$, and this seems to be caused by the increased flexibility of Polymer chain in amorphous region of the EDY due to the copolymerization of PEG.ns being within the experimental error, the average values of lifetim.
$\tau$(t) are taken for further calculations. Rate constants such as Stern-Volmer quenching constants K$_{sv}$, quenching rate parameters k$_q$ and k''$_q$, static quenching constant V and kinetic distance r are determined using the modified Stern-Volmer eq.
tion and sphere of action static quenching model. In order to see whether the reactions are diffusion limited, equations k$_q$ = e$^{-Eq/RT}$ and k''$_q$ = e$^{-Eq/RT}$ are used to determine the values of E$_q$ and E''$_q$, the activati.
energies for collisional quenching and the values of E$_q$ are 14.53, 17.28 and 16.20 kJ mole$^{-1}$ for MPNO1, MPNO2 and 2-PI respectively and the values of E''$_q$ are 14.62 and 17.73 for MPNO1 and MPNO2 respectively. From the magnitudes of various quantities it has.
een concluded that the reactions are diffusion limited and the observed positive deviations in the S-V plot are due to static and dynamic quenching.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 2013

Recently, functional insoles of wedge-type it is for the young to raise their height inserted between insole and heel cause foot pain and disease. Additionally, these have a problem with stability and excessively load-bearing during gait like high-heel shoes. In this study, we compared the changes in biomechanical characteristics of foot with different insole thickness then we will utilize for the development of the insole with the purpose of relieving the pain and disease. Subjects(male, n = 6) measured COP(center of pressure) and PCP(peak contact pressure) on the treadmill(140cm/s) using F-scan system and different insole thickness(0~50 mm) between sole and plantar surface during gait. Also, we computed changes of stresses at the foot using finite element model with various insole thickness during toe-off phase. COP moved anterior and medial direction and, PCP was increased at medial forefoot surface, $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ metatarsophalangeal, ($9%{\uparrow}$) with thicker insoles and it was show sensitive increment as the insole thickness was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm. Change of the stress at the soft-tissue of plantar surface, $1^{st}$ metatarsal head represents rapid growth($36%{\uparrow}$). Also, lateral moments were increased over the 100% near the $1^{st}$ metatarsal as the insole thickness was increased from 0 mm to 30 mm. And it is show sensitive increment as the insole thickness changed 10 mm to 20 mm. As a result, it was expected that use of excessively thick insoles might cause unwanted foot pain at the forefoot region. Therefore, insole thickness under 30 mm was selected.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.283-292
• /
• 1996

The spinal dorsal horn is the area where primary afferent fibers terminate and cutaneous sensory information is processed. A number of putative neurotransmitter substances, including excitatory and inhibitory amino acids and peptides, are present in this region. In this study, single neurons of the spinal dorsal horn were acutely isolated and the properties of whole cell current and responses to excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters were studied by patch clamp technique. Transverse slice ($(300{\mu}m$) of lumbar spinal cords from young rats$(7{\sim}14\;days)$ were sequentially treated with two pretenses(pronase 0.75 mg/ml and thermolysin 0.75 mg/ml), then single neurons were mechanically dissociated. These neurons showed near-intact morphology such as multipolar, ellipsoidal and bipolar, and pyramidal cells and we recorded the typical whole cell currents of $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and ligand-operated channels from these neurons. Glutamate $(30{\mu}M)$ and N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA, $30{\mu}M)$ induced inward currents of $117{\pm}12.4$ pA(n=5) and $49{\pm}6.9$ pA(n=3), respectively. Glycine $(1{\mu}M)$ potentiated glutamate-induced currents $4{\sim}5$ times and NMDA-induced currents $8{\sim}10$ times. In addition, glycine $(30{\mu}M)$ induced Inward current ($31{\pm}6.1$ nA, n=2), which was rapidly desensitized after the peak to a new steady-state level. However, the inward currents induced by ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid(GABA, $1{\mu}M$) decreased continuously after the peak($226{\pm}41.6$ pA, n=3) under the similar experimental condition. The ionic currents and pharmacological responses of isolated neurons in this work were similar to those observed in vivo or in vitro spinal cord slice, indicating that acutely isolated neurons could be effectively used for further pharmacological studies.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 1999

$MgIn_2Se_4 and MgIn_2Se_4 : Ni^{2+}$ single crystals were grown in the rhombohedral structure by the chemical transport reaction (C.T.R.) method using iodine as a transport agent. The optical absorption measured near the fundamental band edge showed that the optical energy band structure of these compounds had a direct band gap. The fundamental absorption band edge of these single crystals shift to a shorter wavelength region by decreasing temperature and the temperature dependence of the optical energy gaps in these compounds satisfy Varshni equation. The impurity optical absorption peaks due to nickel are observed in $MgIn_2Se_4 and MgIn_2Se_4 : Ni^{2+}$ single crystal. These impurity optical absorption peaks can be attributed to the electronic transitions between the split energy levels of $Ni_{2+}$ ions located at $T_d$ symmetry site of $MgIn_2Se_4$ host lattice. In the hotoluminescence spectrum of the single crystal at 10 K, a blue emission with a peak at 687nm and a green emission with a peak at 815nm for the $MgIn_2Se_4$ single crystal were observed.

• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 1996

Aseptic meningits, an acute inflammation of the meninges, is a common illness during childhood. Virus is the most important cause of aseptic meningitis. Especially enterovirus causes approximately above 85% of all cases of aseptic meningitis. In 1993, there was a big epidemic of aseptic meningitis by ECHO 9 and ECHO 30 viruses. And ECHO 3 virus was isolated as a causative agent of aseptic meningitis in 1994. This study was aimed to detect the causative agent of aseptic meningitis in 1995 and to analyze the 5'-noncoding region which was used to detect virus. Virus was isolated from 87 stools and cerebrospinal fluid specimens of the patients by cultured RD and HEp-2 cell. Neutralizing antibody tests using enterovirus serum pool were performed on the specimens with cytopathic effect. 3 of ECHO 7 viruses and 5 of Coxsackie B3 viruses were isolated from stool specimens and 1 of ECHO 7 and Coxsackie B3 mixed type was confirmed from cerebrospinal fluid specimens. RNA was isolated from the culture supernatants of infected cells and general primers were selected in highly conserved part of the 5'-noncoding region of the enteroviral genome for RT-PCR. PCR product from this virus showed a 152bp band on gel electrophoresis. Sequence of obtained DNA was compared with prototype sequences by accessing to the Genebank database. 5'-noncoding region of isolated Coxsackie B3 virus, which has point mutations in nucleotide sequence positions 493, 497, 502, 523, was closely related to that of polio virus type 1, Mahoney strain. In case of isolated ECHO 7 virus, nucleotide has been changed from cytosine to thymine at position 581 and from thymine to cytosine at position 583. We concluded the causative agents of the outbreak of aseptic meningitis during June to July in 1995 were both ECHO 7 and Coxsackie B3 virus, and the primer used in this study could allow a rapid diagnosis of enteroviruses by PCR.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
• /
• 제55권8호
• /
• pp.386-396
• /
• 2006

We implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method in order to improve the conventional moxibustion therapy. This method is aimed to eliminate burning wounds and smoke, which are the defects of conventional moxibustion therapy. And we performed to verify the efficiency by comparing the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Therapy. We measured the body heat and the lasting time of blood circulation improvement using thermography. The moxibustion therapy has two kinds of effects: The formers are pharmacological effects of the Moxa's vasodilators and antioxidants. The latters are thermal effects which cause improvement of the blood circulation. To remove the demerits without omission of above therapeutic effects, we extracted the vasodilators and antioxidant compounds from the Moxa-$CH_2Cl_2$ fraction Moxa-EtOAc and composed the moxibustion kit with $(Ba_{0.8}\;Sr_{0.2})_{0.996}\;Y_{0.004}\;TiO_2+0.5_{WT}\;SiO_2%$ Positive Temperature Coefficients Thermistor. The experimental demonstrations have been made by the stimulating the spot which is CV4(Kwan-Won), CV8(Shin-Guel), CV12(Jung-Wan) acupuncture points of the conception vessel meridian(CV). And stimulating time was one hour. We divided the subjects into 5 groups such as no stimulation group, conventional Indirect Moxibustion group, only Drug-Pad stimulation group, only heat stimulation group, and Drug-Pad Moxibustion group. In the different cases, we have measured the body heat in pre-stimulation, just after stimulation, 2 hours after, and 4 hours after. The body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method were increased by over the $2^{\circ}C$. And the body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Indirect Moxibustion Method were increased by average the $1^{\circ}C$. We have evaluated that the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method is improvement on the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method by the heat-increasing rate is 200% and the lasting time is 150% with the body heat of the abdominal region. In the conclusions, We have implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method and evaluated the efficiency of the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method comparing with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 1994

고성능 에너지 저장제로 사용되는 Li-GICs(Lithium-Graphite Intercalation Compounds)를 혼합 가압법에 의하여 Li의 함유량에 따라 합성하였다. 이들 합성된 화합물을 X-선 회절법, UV/VIS 분광학적 분석법 및 CHN 분석법을 이용하여 화합물의 특성을 알아 보았다. X-선 회절 분석 결과에 의하며 리튬의 함유량이 증가함에 따라 낮은 stage가 관찰되었으나, 이들 화합물이 혼재된 stage를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. $Li_{40wt%}$의 경우 지배적으로 stage 1의 구조가 나타났지만 순수한 stage 1의 화합물은 얻을 수가 없었다. stage 1의 화합물이 가지는 $d_{001}$값은 약 $3.70{\AA}$을 나타내었다. 분광학적 분석결과에 의하면 각각의 화합물들은 뚜렷한 에너지 스펙트럼을 나타내었고, 이들 곡선으로부터 $R_{min}$에 최저값의 형성이 리튬의 함량이 증가함에 따라 높은 에너지쪽에서 형성되었음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 안정한 stage의 형성을 나타내 주고 있다. 원소분석기에 의한 결과를 이용하여 Li-GICs의 화학적인 구성과 관련하여 혼합된 상태를 알 수 있었으며, 혼합 가압법의 우수성을 알 수 있었다. 이들 결과로부터 $Li_{10wt%}$-GIC와 $Li_{20wt%}$-GIC의 경우는 2차 전지의 양극에서의 이용 가능성을 제시하여 주고 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide information about domestic living of Korean immigrants in Australia and Canada who have the same cultural background for comparative study. For this, usage of domestic space and living style in housing of 52 Korean households in Melbourne of Australia and 32 Korean households in the region of Waterloo of Canada were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire were used. Results of the research were as follows. 1. Korean immigrants in each countries were living in houses which was built by company of Australia and Canada. 44.2% of Korean immigrants in Australia were using L+D K and 53.1% of Korean immigrants in Canada were using L D K. 2. Laundry was indispensable for Korean immigrants in both countries and they all wanted to use the laundry as a utility room which could dry, ironing and so on. 3. Drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not indispensable for most Korean immigrants in both countries for hygienic reason. 4. Korean immigrants in both countries were ironing in master bedroom and they all wanted to separate it from there through renovation and extension and so on. 5. Korean immigrants in Canada were more active to use the formal lounge which has been planned as a traditional element of western house. 6. The seating style of Korean immigrants in both countries belong to chair-seating style mostly. But it was clear that they were making Kimchi with floor seating style in both countries. 7. A level of satisfaction about using carpet was not high for Korean immigrants in both countries cause of uneasiness to clean and it was considered to relate to the floor seating style of them. 8. Almost Korean immigrants were took off the shoes inside of the house and they had shoes cabinet beside the entrance or basement usually. 9. The most popular heating system was ducted heating in both countries. The level of satisfaction about this was different for Korean immigrants in Australia and Canada but most desirable heating system was Ondol for them in both countries commonly.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서 청주지역 대기 중 PFOA 및 PFOS의 오염수준을 조사하기 위해 공단, 주거/상업 및 농촌지역에서 각각 가스상 및 입자상 시료를 채취하였다. 또한 계절적 변화를 조사하기 위해 겨울철, 봄철 및 여름철에 각각 채취하였다. 대기 중 PFOA 및 PFOS의 농도는 각각 불검출~8.02 pg/$m^3$ (평균 2.33 pg/$m^3$)과 1.68~6.94 pg/$m^3$ (평균 3.12 pg/$m^3$)으로 검출되었다. 이들 농도는 외국과 유사하거나 낮은 수준을 보였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.379-382
• /
• 2011

밤나무 재배지에서 밤의 종실에 발생하여 알밤을 가해하는 복숭아명나방(Dichocrocis punctiferalis) 을 선정된 조사지역에서 1995년부터 2010년까지 16년 동안 년도별, 지역별, 숙기별로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 년도별 피해율은 1998년이 34.5%로 가장 높았고, 2000년이 17.9%로 가장 낮았다. 년도별 피해율의 패턴은 3년의 반복 주기로 변화되었다. 복숭아명나방의 피해율과 강우량과는 부의 상관($-0.6261^*$)이었고, 온도의 상관은 정의 상관($0.5826^*$)이었다. 조사 지역의 전체 평균 피해율은 22.2%이었고, 조사지역 중에서 합천지역이 27.0%로서 가장 높았고, 함양지역이 15.0%로서 가장 낮았다. 밤나무 성숙기별 피해율은 조생종인 단택품종이 26.1%로서 피해율이 가장 높았고, 중생종과 만생종인 축파, 은기품종의 피해율이 각각 19.3%, 21.1%로 같은 수준이었다.