• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.304-314
• /
• 2015

Detour of metro (subway) in metropolitan area has been regarded as one of inherent elements that make entire metro system less competitive than passenger cars. However, factors affecting detour of metro line is not specified clearly when a new subway system is planned or an existing system is improved. Previous detour-related studies was reviewed for developing 'distance efficeincy evaluation model' for metro as well as its counterpart (i.e. road). Metro line 3 (orange line) of Seoul metropolitan area was applied as a case study. As a results, the most detoured OD segment is Daechi - Apgujeong and its detour factor is 1.93 which means that the distance of the metro is 1.93 times longer distance compared to the distance of the road. The metro line 3 has averagely 20% longer distance compared to road for the identical O/D pairs.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 1983

The radical treatment of uterine cervical cancer by interacavitary radium or cesium, in combination with teletherapy are well known. Although the result of such treatment should not give rise to complacency, problem of radiation exposure to medical staff had not been resolved. Fortunately, many attempts have been made to reduce this hazard, most of which take the form of afterloading applicators with a suitably shielded radioisotope. In order to avoid hazardous radiation exposure to staffs concerned with brachytherapy, RALS using high intensity source of Co-60, have been employed at Yonsei Cancer Center since May, 1979. It allows rectal and bladder doses to be kept low, while maintaining a satifactory usual dose distribution of the other type of applicators, and the short treatment time allow four or five patients to be treated per hour. It also removes much patient's discomfort and the difficulties of nursing these patients. Since the first introduction in Korea, over seven hundred cases with various stage of uterine cervical cancer have been treated on a radical basis at this center last 4 years. These authors have strongly attracted attention to the results in terms of local control rate, survival s and morbidity compared with those of conventional low dose rate radiotherapy. Retrospective interim analysis of data was preliminarily accomplished through the labored follow-up study of 340 cases treated during initial 2 years and the radiobiologic standpoint of high dose rate intracavitary irradiation will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2000

Influence of sustain pulse-width on electro-luminous efficiency is experimentally investigated for surface discharge of AC-PDP. A square pulse with variable duty ratio and rising time of 300 ns has been used in the experiment. It is found that the firing voltage is decreased as the pulse-width is increased from 2 ${\mu}s$ to 8 ${\mu}s$ with sweeping frequency range of 10 kHz to 50 kHz. It has been found that the optimal sustain pulse-width is in the range of $3{\sim}4{\mu}s$ under driving frequency range of 30 kHz and 50 kHz, based on observation of memory coefficient, wall charge, and wall voltage as well as luminous efficiency.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2007

20-O-($\beta$-D-Glucopyranosyl)-20 (S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901) is one of the major metabolites of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, and is suggested that IH-901 has been associated with various pharmacological and physiological activities. In this study, we demonstrate that IH-901 induced anti-inflammation in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Our results showed that IH-901 inhibited cell proliferation of HT-29 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We also found that IH-901 was significantly decreased expression of iNOS compared with non-treated. We observed effect of IH-901 related with inflammatory genes using by cDNA microarray. We were known that the 34 inflammatory genes such as E2F, CDK6, TNF-$\alpha$, and PKC were down-regulated. Thus, these results suggest that IH-901 may have a potential preventive factor to improving cancer induced by chronic inflammation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.415-422
• /
• 2016

When shock acceleration is applied to a mechanical system, it may cause malfunctioning and damage to the system. Hence, to prevent these problems when developing a gimbal structure system for observation reconnaissance, the MIL-STD-810G shock standard must be satisfied as a design specification. Rubber vibration isolators are generally assembled on the base of the system in order to reduce the shock transferred from the aircraft. It is difficult to analyze the transient behavior of the system accurately, because rubber has a nonlinear load-deformation curve. To treat the nonlinear characteristic of the rubber, bilinear approximation was introduced. Using this assumption, transient responses of the system under base shock acceleration were calculated by the finite element method. In addition, experiments with a true prototype were performed using the same conditions as the analytical model. Compared with experimental data, the proposed numerical method is useful for the transient analysis of gimbal structure systems, including rubber vibration isolators with nonlinear stiffness and damping.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate anti-arthritis activity using a KV pharmacopuncture. KV pharmacopuncture was inserted at BL40 for 4 weeks to SD-Rat, where arthritis was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at 60 mg/ml. MMP-9, CTX II, LTB4, calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum were measured by ELISA. The cartilage of patella volume was examined and 3-D high-resolution reconstructions of the cartilage of patella were obtained using a Micro-CT system. Also, The histopathological change of knee was observed by H&E and safranin-O staining. Production of MMP-9, CTX II and LTB4 level in serum was decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. The other way, production of calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum was increased, respectively, in comparison with control. The cartilage of patella volume increased significantly. In addition, the KV group showed a increase in the cartilage volume and proteoglycan. These results may be used a remedy for new korea medicine to ease the symptoms mentioned above.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2002

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) has been widely used fur both human infertility and basic research. However, the high incidence of chromosomal abnormality is severe problem in cattle. Various oocyte activation stimuli, therefore, were compared by assessment of developmental capacity and chromosome analysis. Motile sperm selected by Percoll-density gradient were treated with 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and injected into an oocyte matured fur 24 h. Eggs were then allocated into 5 treatment groups. Group 1 (control), sperm injection was performed without any further activation stimuli to the oocytes. Group 2 (handled control), sham injection was performed without sperm. In Group 3, oocytes exposed to 5 (M ionomycin for 5 min at 39(C. Group 4. ionomycine + 1.9 mM demethylaminopurine (DMAP, 3 h) and Group 5, ionomycine + 3 h culture in Ml99 + DMAP. Cleavage and the later development rate in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in Groups 4 and 5. The incidence of chromosomal abnormality in the embryos treated directly with DMAP after ionomycine was relatively higher than in the embryo of Group 3 h, delayed DMAP treatment. From this results DMAP caused to be arrested the release of the 2nd polar body, resulting in changes of chromosomal pattern. Therefore, the time interval between ionomycin and DMAP is a crucial role in bovine ICSI.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.21.2-21.2
• /
• 2011

2010년 11월 05일부터 11월 29일 중 총 12일간 진천 소재 충북대학교 천문대의 60cm 반사망원경과 ST-8 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 BD And의 BVR CCD 측광 관측을 수행하여 처음으로 BVR 광도 곡선을 완성하였다. 또한, 극심시각 결정을 위한 측광관측이 레몬산 천문대 1m 반사망원경과 충북대학교 천문대의 35cm 망원경으로 수행되었다. 우리의 관측과 SWASP 관측을 통하여 모두 31개의 극심시각을 새로이 결정하였다. 새로운 관측은 이 별의 공전주기가 이전까지 알려진 0.4629일이 아니라 그 두 배인 0.9258일이며, 기산점도 반주기 바뀌어야 함을 보여 준다. BD And의 광도요소를 Min I = HJD 2434962.8602 + 0.d9258054 E으로 새롭게 개정하였다. 이 광도요소로 작성한 우리의 BVR 광도곡선은 제1식과 제2식의 깊이가 거의 비슷하며, 식바깥 부분에 잘 발달된 파형 모양을 보인다. 이는 BD And가 짧은 주기의 RS CVn형 식쌍성임을 나타내는 것이다. 우리의 극심시각을 포함한 총 144개의 극심시각에 대한 (O-C)도를 작성한 결과, BD And의 공전주기가 규칙적으로 변화하는 것을 발견하였다. 이 변화를 보이지 않는 제3천체에 의한 광시간 효과로 가정하여, 궤도이심율이 0.78이며, 9.19년의 주기를 가진 광시간 궤도를 결정하였다.우리의 광도곡선을 2003년 Wilson-Devinney 쌍성 모형으로 분석하여 광도곡선 해를 질량비 q=1.1822, 궤도경사각 i=$86.^{\circ}16$, $T_1$=6358(K), $T_2$=6250(K), $r_1$=1.117(Rsun), $r_2$=1.321(Rsun)와 같이 산출하였다. 식바깥에서 나타나는 파형 모양의 변화는 주성의 표면에 매우 큰 흑점으로 잘 설명되며, BVR 광도곡선에서 각각 전체 광도의 각 6.4%, 8.1%, 9.9%에 해당되는 제3 광도가 검출되었다. 이는 주기연구에서 제안된 제3천체의 존재 가능성을 더 공고히 한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 1993

The hemolytic characteristics of amphotericin B-containing liposomes have been investigated in vitro. From the hemolysis of human erythrocytes against free and liposomal amphotericin B, the marked reduction in the toxicity of amphotericin B was observed by incorporating the drug in egg PC liposomes. For 45 min, free amphotericin B at $9.6\;{\mu}g/ml$ could completely lyse 2 wt% human erythrocytes. However, liposomal amphotericin B had essentially no lytic effect even in the range over $9.6\;{\mu}g/ml$. In the 66 hr-hemolysis experiment, liposomal amphotericin B showed the slowly hemolysing chracteristics during the experimental period regardless of the concentration of amphotericin B but rapid hemolysis only for 12 hr was observed in the case of free amphotericin B and the degree of hemolysis for 12 hr was maintained after that time. Also the hemolysing ability of liposomal amphotericin B at $4\;{\mu}g/ml$ was lower than that of free amphotericin B at the same concentration for 66 hr. On the other hand, the dependence of hemolysis on amphotericin B contents in egg PC liposomes was significant between 1.64 mole% amphotericin B-containing liposomes and 15.79 or 27.27 mole% amphotericin B-containing liposomes. But no marked difference in hemolysis was observed between 15.79 and 27.27 mole% amphotericin B-containing liposomes. Especially, cholesterol as an excipient in amphotericin B-containing liposomes significantly reduced the hemolysis of human erythrocyte. The degree of hemolysis in 5 mole% amphotericin B-containing liposomes was reduced to approximately 50% of value in the cholesterol-free liposomes by adding 50% cholesterol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2005

Acute toxicities of five pharmaceutical products were evaluated with aquatic microbes, invertebrates, and fish. The test pharmaceuticals, i.e., cimetidine, carbamazepine, diltiazem, acetaminophene, and metformin have been often detected in aquatic environment, but theire cological hazard on receptors of various trophic levels has seldom been evaluated. In the present study, we conducted acute toxicity assays with a marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, an invertebrate, Daphnia magna, and a fish, Japanese medake (Oryzias latipes). In general, D. magna, showed the most sensitive response to the test chemicals. Diltiazem exhibited the lowest EC50 value after 96 hr of exposure at 7.6 mg/L, followed by cimetidine >acetaminophen > metformin = carbamazepine in an order of decreasing susceptibility. With the fish, diltiazem and carbamazepine showed the 96 hr EC50 values at 14.1${\sim}$35.4 mg/L while acetaminophen, cimetidine, and metformin did not cause 50% mortality at 100 mg/L. Similar pattern was noted with the Microtox Assay, with which the median effective concentrations for acetaminophen, cimetidine, and metformin were found at the range between 301.8 and 755.4 mg/L. Carbamazepine and diltiazem exposure to the microbes resulted in EC50 values around 50 mg/L. Predicted no effect concentrations (PECs) of these pharmaceuticals derived from the EC5O values obtained from this study, and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) obtained from available literatures were utilized to estimate ecological risks of the test compounds. No test pharmaceuticals resulted in risk quotients (PEC/PNEC) greater than 1, which suggests no serious potential ecological concerns. It should be noted however that further studies including the refinement of PEC derivation, identification and toxicity assessment of the metabolites and/or their interactions with other stressors may be warranted to better understand the environmental consequences of the residual pharmaceutical discharge to the waterway.