• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

The plant Dendropanax morbifera Léveille is effective folk medicines for the treatment of several conditions, such as infectious diseases, skin diseases, and other illnesses. Although the inhibitory effects of D. morbifera on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been shown in our previous study, its effects in vivo remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of the extracts from D. morbifera (EDM) on neointimal hyperplasia of rat carotid artery and explore the underlying mechanisms. We observed that the ratio of intima to media thickness (I/M) was significantly decreased in the EDM-treated groups by ~80% compared to that of the control. The expression of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was decreased by ~70% in the EDM-treated groups compared to that of the control. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 significantly reduced in the neointimal layer of the EDM-treated groups. Moreover, the decreased levels of contractile phenotypic markers of VSMCs, such as α-smooth muscle actin, myocardin, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain, were successfully restored by EDM treatment. Furthermore, the levels of synthetic phenotypic markers, cellular retinal binding protein 1 and connexin 43 were also restored to normal levels. These results suggest that EDM inhibits vascular neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rats via phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. Therefore, EDM may be a potential drug candidate for the prevention of restenosis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

In order to reconstruct the traditional technology of Korean golden varnish(Hwangchil) made from the exudates of D. morbifera, this study in the second step was carried out to analyze the chemical composition and oil properties of the exudates for coatings and bark extractives made from the trees of D. morbifera more than 20 years old grown in Wando and Jejudo islands in the southwestern part of Korean peninsula according to the physiological seasons. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The exudates appeared to be a phytoalexin because it exudated after several days in tapping only in summer season. 2. Both the exudates and bark-extracts with acetone contained 50~60% unsaponifiables and 30~50% saponifiables 3. A major component of essential oil in bark-extractives was ${\beta}$-cubebene and reached to 60~80%, while that of exudates included only 34% ${\beta}$-cubebene and some other compounds such as ${\beta}$-cadinene of 12%, aromadendrene of 9%, ${\beta}$-selinene of 9%, CAS030021-74-0 of 10%, etc. in GC-MS spectrometer. 4. A mjor component of fatty oil fraction in bark-extractives was linoleic acid and reached to more than 60%, while the exudates had mostly other components such as terpenes and phenolics instead of fatty acids accordint to GC-MS spectrometer. 5. Iodine value of samples after oil refining had 214mg/g in the exudates and more than than 150mg/g in bark-extractives, so the latter belonged to a drying oil.. 6. Therefore, the exudates from D. morbifera for traditional Korean golden varnish seems to have beeen used to a good varnish because it has some specific compounds different from its bark-extractives or general varnishes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 1999

The effects of temperature stress and paraquat on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II were studied in the leaves of Araliaceae plants. The SOD activity of Acanthopanax koreanum leaf discs increased at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 28$^{\circ}C$, and increased significantly at 4$^{\circ}C$ ,28$^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$ in the presence of paraquat. However, the SOD activity of Dendropanax morbifera leaf discs decreased at 4$^{\circ}C$, 28$^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$ regardless of paraquat treatment. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, Fv/Fm, of leaf discs of A. koreanum and D. morbifera fell remarkably at 35$^{\circ}C$. In the presence of paraquat, the Ev/Fm values fell slightly at 4$^{\circ}C$ in A. koreanum leaf discs and at 35$^{\circ}C$, in D. morbifera leaf discs. These results indicate that A. koreanum plants are more resistant to temperature stress or oxidative stress than D. morbifera plants although their photochemical efficiency falls slightly at 4$^{\circ}C$ in the presence of paraquat.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the tyrosinase inhibitory and melanin production inhibitory activity of the distilled water extract of Dendropanax morbifera leaf (DMW) and the fermented extract by Lactobacillus plantarum (DMF). DMF was prepared by inoculation of L. plantarum after the extraction procedure with distilled water. Fermentation for 48 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ is the most effective condition in this study. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the fermented DMF was $37.9{\mu}g/ml$ as a result of more effective than DMW extract ($52.6{\mu}g/ml$). Moreover, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of DMF showed higher activity than DMW. In nontoxic concentration range, DMF showed strong melanin production inhibitory effect in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cell. As a result, the fermentation of the distilled water extract of D. morbifera leaf by L. plantarum could be applicable to functional materials production for skin-whitening agents.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2019

Ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury is the main cause of acute myocardial infarction. Dendropanax morbifera $L{\acute{e}}veille$ has been used in traditional medicines for the treatment of various diseases such as headache, infectious diseases, and general debility. However, the effect of extract from D. morbifera (EDM) on myocardial ischemic injury is still unknown. In this study, the effects of EDM on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury were investigated. The viability of cardiomyocytes with H (30 min)/R (1 h) decreased; however, treatment with EDM significantly inhibited H/R injury-induced cardiomyocyte death. Further, we observed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and intracellular calcium concentration ($Ca^{2+}{_i}$) were significantly reduced in EDM-treated cardiomyocytes compared with that in H/R-injured positive control. In addition, western blotting results showed that EDM attenuated abnormal changes of RyR2 and SERCA2a genes in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that EDM ameliorates ROS generation and $Ca^{2+}{_i}$ homeostasis to prevent dysregulation of calcium regulatory proteins in the heart, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects and reducing hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage, which verifies the potential use of EDM as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of myocardial ischemic injury.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.271-273
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• 1997

This study was carried out to obtain basic envirinmental information of the native area and growth characteristics at different age of Dendropanax morbifera LEV. In the southern Korea. The Dendropanax morbifera LEV. Was grown naturally at Wando, Cheju(Mt. Halla), Yecheon(Kermoon island),Sinan(Hong isand), Jindo(Mt. Chermchill) and Haenam(Mt. Taeroon), all between 30 to 450m above the sea level. The soil characterisitics of the native area had a pH of 5.3 to 5.4 with 8.4 to 9.8% content of organic matter and 18.2 to 21.3% soil moisture. Flowering starting in the middle of July begun when the trees were 6 years old. Six year old trees are 129 cm in stem height, 34 mm in stem diameter,15.4 in number of leaves with petioles 12.9 cm long. Xylem sap can be obtained from over 10 year old trees that grew well and have over 10 cm stems in diameter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 1998

The stimulated secretion of golden varnish sap by the infection of microorganisms on the bark of Dendropanax morbifera Lev. was observed in the natural habitats. Four candidate strains of such microorganisms(i.e., Sb1, Sb2, Sb3 and Sb4) were isolated from the bark of D. morbifera which was infected in natural. Of them, Sb3 and Sb4 strains showed stimulated secretion of golden vernish sap with the greatest stimulation by Sb4 strains. The yield of golden varnish sap from the bark of D. morbifera was boosted about 3.4~7.7 times by the inoculation of Sb4 strain in compassion with that collected from lacquer tree(Rhus verniciflua Stokes) by the traditional method. The mycelium color of Sb4 strain was grayish white. The optimum growth temperatures and pH were ranged from 30 to $35^{\circ}C$ and from pH 6.5 to 7.0.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2010

황칠나무(Dendropanax morbifera Lev.)는 두릅나무과(Araliaceae)에 속하며 학명에서 뜻하는 바와 같이 목본 (Dendro), 전능약(Panax)이라는 의미가 있고 나무인삼이라 불리기도 하며 줄기에 상처를 내면 노란액이 나온다고 해서 황칠나무(D. morbifera)라는 이름이 붙여졌다. 두릅나무과는 우리나라에서 최고의 약재들로 손꼽히는 인삼(Panax ginseng), 가시오갈피(Eleutherococcus senticosus) 등의 약용식물을 포함하고 있어서 황칠나무는 황칠수지액 이외에 약용식물로서의 무한한 개발 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 본 실험은 황칠나무의 기내 부정근 유도 및 증식조건의 확립을 목적으로 수행되었다. 우선 황칠나무의 기내 발아체로부터 부위(잎, 줄기, 뿌리)를 달리하여 부정근을 유도한 결과, 잎은 줄기나 뿌리보다 양호한 부정근의 유도를 보였다. 또한 유도된 부정근을 이용하여 옥신의 종류에 따른 부정근 유도율을 조사한 결과 IBA와 NAA는 IAA와 2.4-D보다 높은 유도율을 보였다. IBA의 농도에 따른 유도율과 증식효율은 IBA가 1.0 mg/L 첨가되었을 때 가장 높은 유도 및 증식효율을 보였다. 최적의 액체배지조건을 확인하고자 sucrose의 농도와 염농도를 달리하여 실험한 결과 1/2MS 배지는 MS 배지보다 10%정도 높은 증식율을 보였다. 액체배양 된 황칠나무의 부정근을 각각 1/2MS 배지에 30 g/L sucrose, 3.0 mg/L IBA가 첨가된 5 L volume 생물반응기에 4주 간 배양한 대조구와 2주 후 IBA의 농도를 1.0으로 낮추어 배양한 실험구에서 2주후 IBA의 농도를 낮추어 배양한 실험구에서 대조구보다 약 2배 높은 부정근의 증식량을 보였다. 결국, 황칠나무의 종자발아체를 이용하여 부정근의 유도 및 증식조건에 필요한 기내배양조건을 확립하였고, 플라스크와 생물반응기 배양을 통해 효율적인 실험실 내 증식조건을 확립하였다. 본 실험결과는 향후 황칠나무 천연추출물을 활용한 향장품/식,의약품 소재의 대량확보 차원에서 중요한 가치를 내포하고 있다고 조심스럽게 사료된다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate antiaging and antioxidant effects on cultured human skin fibroblast with supercritical fluid extracts of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Methods : Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique was applied to extract from three medicinal plants including stem of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by two different assays as 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and super oxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. These extracts were tested for cell viability on HS68 skin fibroblast by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We investigated the effects of Ultraviolet-B irradiation on cytotoxicity, type 1 collagen, elastin level and oxidative damage in cultured human skin fibroblast (HS68). Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. Results : The extracts obtained dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. The supercritical fluid extracts of complex herbal medicine showed low cytotoxicity as more than 100% cell viability in 100ppm/ml concentration. HS68 fibroblasts were survived 70% at $120mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation and treated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The levels of aging factors and cytotoxicity were decreased by supercritical fluid extract of complex herbal medicine. Conclusions : These results suggest that supercritical fluid extracts may have value as the potential antioxidant and antiaging medicinal plant.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.561-566
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• 2017

Dendropanax morbifera Lev. is known in Korea for its golden sap and medicinal properties. The many biological activities of the leaf and stem extracts suggest that this tree could be a valuable source of medicinal compounds for the treatment of various ailments such as dermatitis, migraines, dysmenorrhea, muscle pain, and infectious diseases. However, there is little information on the composition and biological activity of the volatile fraction of D. morbifera. Therefore, in this study, the volatile compounds in leaves, stems, and sap of D. morbifera were isolated using solvent and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to reveal their chemical composition and identify potential compounds of interest. Fifteen compounds were identified in the leaf extracts, whereas 29 and 3 compounds were identified in the stem and sap extracts, respectively. The volatile profiles obtained using solvent and SFE differed. Esters and aromatic hydrocarbons predominated in the solvent extract of leaves and SFE extract of stems, whereas the solvent extract of stems and SFE extract of leaves contained terpenoids. Limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and ${\beta}$-myrcene were identified in the volatile extract of sap, with limonene representing 96.30% of the total peak area. In addition, the antiproliferative effects of the solvent extracts of leaves and stems were evaluated, revealing that these solvent extracts were particularly effective in decreasing the proliferation of HepG2 cells.