• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2008

Recently, people are becoming fatter in most parts of the world. Obesity is regarded as an important risk factor to adversely affect the health of humans, associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, therefore, we tested the short time efficiency and safety of Bangpoongtongsungsan as a drug to decrease body weight in subjects with obesity. A total 48 volunteers (24 man, 24 woman) with body mass index (BMI : weight in kg divided by square of height in meters) of $23㎏/m^2$ participated in clinical study for 12 weeks, from 2008, March 01 to 2008, Jun 30. The subjects was received a dietary supplement of 12 pieces hard capsules per day (4 pieces in one, 3 times in a day) during the clinical study. At the end of clinical study, body weight of subjects was significantly decreased from $72.21{\pm}11.44\;kg$ to $70.53{\pm}11.67\;kg$ (p<0.05). Waist circumferences of subjects were reduced $91.58{\pm}6.43\;cm$ to $85.25{\pm}7.70\;cm$ (p<0.05). Also, a BMI of subjects was significantly decreased $26.07{\pm}2.35\;kg/m^2$ to $25.63{\pm}2.63\;kg/m^2$ (p<0.05). Particularly, a decrease in body weight, waist circumferences, and BMI was more significant in woman than man. But, other biochemical levels including lipid and glucose in plasma had no changes at the end of clinical study. In conclusion, administration of Bangpoongtongsungsan in subjects with high body weight fat could inhibit obesity associated with a decrease in body weight, waist circumferences, and BMI.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1985

To estimate the aboveground biomass of Pinus rigida and Pinus rigida ${\times}$ taeda 22-year-old plantations, the experimental plots of $200m^2$ in size located in Kwangju of Jeonlanam-do were selected. Nine sample trees selected at each plot taking account of DBH distribution were felled and the diagram of oven-dry weight distribution of stem, branch, and needle for each 1m segment was constructed. The logarithmic regression equations between dry weight of each component (stems, branches, and needles) and the variable of $(DBH)^2{\cdot}H$ were obtained. The aboveground standing crops was estimated to be as much as 71.61 and 142.32 tons of dry matter per hectare in P. rigida and P. rigida ${\times}$ taeda stand respectively. The net production was estimated as 10.81 and 10.46 t/ha/yr and the net assimilation rate 1.32 and 1.00 kg/kg/yr in P. rigida and P. rigida ${\times}$ taeda stand respectively. And the efficiency of needles to produce stem was 0.97 and 0.81 kg/kg/yr in same order.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1722-1727
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• 2006

The nutritive value of 4 straws, obtained after thrashing of seeds from fodder crops, was assessed as complete feed for ruminants. Sixteen male Murrah buffaloes (liveweight 365.8${\pm}$19.5 kg), were divided into 4 equal groups and offered ad lib. straw of either Trifolium resupinatum, Trifolium alexandrium, Medicago sativa or Lolium perenne, supplemented with minerals and vitamin A, for 40 days in a completely randomized design. Simultaneously, each straw was offered to 3 rumen fistulated male buffaloes in order to assess the biochemical changes in the rumen. Compared to other straws M. sativa straw had higher (p<0.05) organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid-detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose content. L .perenne had the highest (p<0.05) hemicellulose and lowest (p<0.05) CP and acid-detergent lignin (ADL) content. T. resupinatum had the lowest concentration of cell wall constituents (CWC). The digestibility of nutrients of T. resupinatum and L. perenne straw was similar, but higher (p<0.05) than that of other straws. M.sativa straw showed highest (p<0.05) digestibility of CP. The highest OM digestibility of T. resupinatum and CP digestibility of M. sativa were responsible for highest (p<0.05) total volatile fatty acids and trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen in the strained rumen liquor. The digestible crude protein (DCP) was highest (p<0.05) in M. sativa followed by that in T. alexandrium. The total purine derivatives excreted in urine varied from 0.22-0.32 mmol/kg $W^{.75}/d$. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis indicated that OM of straws of M. sativa and that of T. alexandrium was used more (p<0.05) efficiently. The microbial protein synthesized was highest in T. resupinatum, but statistically similar to other groups. The values for N-retention and apparent biological value were highest for L. perenne, though comparable with that of M. sativa and T. alexandrium. The available metabolizable energy (ME) was highest (p<0.05) in T. resupinatum followed by that in L. perenne and lowest in M. sativa. It was concluded that all the straws, supplemented with minerals and vitamin A, could be fed exclusively to adult ruminants with no adverse affect, as animals were able to maintain body weight (372${\pm}$20.1 kg).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1017-1023
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• 2010

This study investigated the effect of surfactants (nonionic surfactant (Tween 20), biosurfactant) on enhancing transport of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) in geological materials. Column experiments were performed under various surfactant conditions with columns packed with quartz sand (particle size distribution: 0.5~2.0 mm, mean diameter: 1.0 mm). Bacterial mass recovery, sticking efficiency, and other parameters were quantified from breakthrough curves. Results indicate that bacterial attachment to sand surfaces increased considerably in the presence of mineral salt medium (MSM), especially at the inlet, which was due to the increase of ionic strength by MSM. It was observed that bacterial transport in sand columns was enhanced in the presence of surfactant. Results also show that simultaneous injection of both surfactant and MSM or pre-injection of surfactant was more effective in bacterial transport enhancement than after-injection of surfactant. This study suggests that transport of bacteria in geological materials could be influenced by surfactants and their injection methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2011

To evaluate the performance of the hydrodynamic model, we introduced 10 skill assessments that are assorted by two groups: quantitative skill assessments (Absolute Average Error or AAE, Root Mean Squared Error or RMSE, Relative Absolute Average Error or RAAE, Percentage Model Error or PME) and qualitative skill assessments (Correlation Coefficient or CC, Reliability Index or RI, Index of Agreement or IA, Modeling Efficiency or MEF, Cost Function or CF, Coefficient of Residual Mass or CRM). These skill assessments were applied and calculated to evaluate the hydrodynamic modeling at one of Florida estuaries for water level, current, and salinity as comparing measured and simulated values. We found that AAE, RMSE, RAAE, CC, IA, MEF, CF, and CRM are suitable for the error assessment of water level and current, and AAE, RMSE, RAAE, PME, CC, RI, IA, CF, and CRM are good at the salinity error assessment. Quantitative and qualitative skill assessments showed the similar trend in terms of the classification for good and bad performance of model. Furthermore, this paper suggested the criteria of the "good" model performance for water level, current, and salinity. The criteria are RAAE < 10%, CC > 0.95, IA > 0.98, MEF > 0.93, CF < 0.21 for water level, RAAE < 20%, CC > 0.7, IA > 0.8, MEF > 0.5, CF < 0.5 for current, and RAAE < 10%, PME < 10%, CC > 0.9, RI < 1.15, CF < 0.1 for salinity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.463-472
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of fermented chitosan additive(FCA) as a probiotics in finishing pig. The levels of 0.2% and 0.5% of FCA powder was added to the regular feed. A total of 30 pigs were used to evaluate the growing performance. Those FCA supplemented feeds were supplied to the pigs at 17 weeks of age for 6 weeks. After slaughtering, 4 pigs of each treatment were used to compare the physico-chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation. Addition of 0.2% of FCA improved the average daily weight gain and feed efficiency. The pH of the FCA treated loin was slightly higher than control. The L*, a*, b* values of the treatment groups were generally low compared to control group. So the effect of FCA to meat color was expression of purplish red color. Juiciness of the pork shoulder treated with 0.5% FCA was significantly(p<0.05) higher than the other groups. Flavor and overall preference scores for bacon treated with 0.5% of FCA were significantly(p<0.05) higher than the other groups.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.235-262
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• 2012

Although a commercialization of developed technology is an important factor for firm's competitiveness, the success rate in technology commercialization is significantly low. This fact raises a need of an analysis on factors affecting success in technology commercialization. Thus, in this study, in order to determine the success factors of technology commercialization, statistical analysis is done on 4 different elements of Korean automobile industry firms: managerial group attitude, market orientation, technology quality, and government support; and developed a causal-relationship model of the above elements and commercialization. In the developed model, two moderating variables, corporate ability and industry classification, are added to determine the level of correlations respect to two moderating variables. As a result of hypothesis tests, market orientation, managerial attitude as an antecedent variable; and government support, technology quality as an antecedent variable, both have significant correlation with technology commercialization. For moderating variables, a corporate ability has moderating effects on the connections of managerial attitude, market orientation and technology commercialization; but an industry classification has a moderating effect only on the link between technology quality and government support. The results of this research serve a contribution to the development of R&D efficiency improvement by providing government with direction in science & technology policy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2005

To develop a high efficiency plant regeneration system from in vitro cultures of strawberry, cv. Yeobong, petiole and leaf explants were cultured on MS basal medium containing a combination of 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L kinetin or zeatin or benzyl amino purine (BAP) for 6 weeks, and leaf explants with dark pretreatment for a week ($T_1$), 2 weeks ($T_2$), and 4 weeks ($T_3$) were cultured on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L zeatin under 16 hr photoperiod for 6 weeks. Shoot organogenesis was observed from the greenish calli containing minimal anthocyanin formed at proximal cutting edges of the leaf explant (57%) when cultured adaxial side on the medium, whereas was directly formed from a cutting edges of petiole explant (6.3%). Frequency of callus formation and shoot organogenesis at large size of leaf explant ($1.0{\sim}1.5\;cm^2$) was higher than small size ($0.5{\sim}1.0\;cm^2$), and dark pretreatment significantly improved the frequency of leaf explants that produced calli and shoots. The maximum frequency (87%) for shoot organogenesis was obtained from the leaf explants that transferred to a 16 hr photoperiod condition after the initial 4 weeks dark period. The improved frequency (87%) in comparision with control without dark pretreatment (27%). When the shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS basal medium, formed roots with 20 d of culture. The rooted plants were subsequently transferred to the pots and to the field.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.10C
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• pp.933-941
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• 2006

In this paper, we proposed an efficient coding method for digital hologram (fringe pattern) acquired by a CCD camera or by computer generation using multi-view prediction technique and MPEG video compression standard technique. It proceeds each R, G, or B color component separately. The basic processing unit is a partial image segmented into the size of $N{\times}N$. Each partial image retains the information of the whole object. This method generates an assembled image for a row of the segmented and frequency-transformed partial images, which is the basis of the coding process. That is, a motion estimation and compensation technique of MPEG is applif:d to the reconstructed images from the assembled images with the disparities found during generation of assembled image and the original partial images. Therefore the compressed results are the disparity of eachpartial image to form the assembled image for the corresponding row, assembled image, and the motion vectors and the compensated image for each partial image. The experimental results with the implemented algorithm showed that the proposed method has NC (Normal Correlation) values about 4% higher than the previous method, by which ours has better compression efficiency. Consequently, the Proposed method is expected to be used effectively in the application areas to transmit the digital hologram data. can be identified in comparison with the previous researches and commercial IPs.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2009

On this research, laser welding technology for manufacturing automobile body is studied. Laser welding technology is one of the important technologies used in the manufacturing of lighter, safer automotive bodies at a high level of productivity; the leading automotive manufacturers have replaced spot welding with laser welding in the process of car body assembly. Korean auto manufacturers are developing and applying the laser welding technology using a high output power Nd:YAG laser and a 6-axes industrial robot. On the other hand, the robot-based remote laser welding system was equipped with a long focal laser scanner system in robotic end effect. Laser system, robot system, and scanner system are used for realizing the high speed laser welding system. The remote laser welding system and industrial robotic system are used to consist of robot-based remote laser welding system. The robot-based remote laser welding system is flexible and able to improve laser welding speed compared with traditional welding as spot welding and laser welding. The robot-based remote laser systems used in this study were Trumpf's 4kW Nd:YAG laser (HL4006D) and IPG's 1.6kW Fiber laser (YLR-1600), while the robot systems were of ABB's IRB6400R (payload:120kg) and Hyundai Heavy Industry's HX130-02 (payload:130kg). In addition, a study of quality evaluation and monitoring technology for the remote laser welding was conducted. The welding joints of steel plate and steel plate coated with zinc were butt and lapped joints. The quality testing of the laser welding was conducted by observing the shape of the beads on the plate and the cross-section of the welded parts, analyzing the results of mechanical tension test, and monitoring the plasma intensity and temperature by using UV and IR detectors. Over the past years, Trumf's 4kW Nd:YAG laser and ABB's IRB6400R robot system was used. Nowadays, the new laser source, robot and laser scanner system are used to increase the processing speed and to improve the efficiency of processes. This paper proposes the robot-based remote laser welding system as a means of resolving the limited welding speed and accuracy of conventional laser welding systems.