• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.291-296
• /
• 1997

The studies were carried out to evaluate the constituents in the aerial part of Isodon excisus var. coreanus (Labiatae). From the aqueous fraction of methanol extract, compound I (${\alpha}$-[[3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid), compound II (9-methyl-dihydroferulic acid-4-O-.betha.-D-glucopyranosyl $(1{\rightarrow}2)$-${\alpha}$-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1.rarw.4)-.betha.-D-glucopyranoside), compound III (ent-7.alpha., 11${\alpha}$,15.betha.-trihydroxy-kaur-16-en-1-O-.betha.-D-glucopyranoside) and compound IV ($2{\alpha}$,3${\beta}$,$7{\alpha}$,23-tetrahydroxy-olean-12 -en-28-oic acid 28-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside) were isolated and identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences[IR, FAB(-)MS,$^{1}H-NMR,$$^{13}C-NMR,$$ HMQC$$^{1}H-^{1}H $COSY and HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivity)]. Especially, New compounds II and III were named Isodonin A and Isodonin B respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.6D
• /
• pp.569-575
• /
• 2010

The occupancy based O/D is essential for measuring efficiency of various transportation policies like HOV/HOT lane, ramp metering, and public parking station. There has been many studies on occupancy survey methodology and O/D estimation using TCS (Toll Collection System) data separately. The occupancy O/D estimation methodology using TCS data has not been attempted thus far. An overall process from data collection stage to the occupancy O/D estimation stage has been suggested. Field survey was performed at the northbound Seoul toll station of Gyeongbu Expressway by each 2 hours of AM peak, PM non-peak, PM peak, midnight periods on a day. The process of matching the TCS data and field survey data classified by tollbooth ID, car type/mode, and arrival time was also performed. One typical output of the results showed that the ratio of single occupancy vehicles bounding for Seoul during the AM peak amounted to 60%. With the key output of this study and the specific O/D estimation methodology suggested, the whole centroid-to-centroid occupancy O/D of the country could be available, and then various applications in which the occupancy information is required could be possible.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.180-183
• /
• 2008

This research addresses the problem of estimating Origin-Destination (O-D) trip matrices from link volume counts, a set of unobserved link volumes and information of user equilibrium flows in transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm for estimating unobserved link flows is derived, which provides volume estimates that are approximately consistent with both observed flows and an assumption of user equilibrium conditions. These estimated link volumes improve the constraints associated with the synthetic OD estimation model, providing improved solution search procedure. Model performance is tracked in terms of the root mean square errors (RMSE) in predicted travel demands, and where appropriate, predicted linked volumes. These results indicate that the new model substantially outperforms existing approaches to estimating user-equilibrium based synthetic O-D matrices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.24 no.3 s.89
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2006

A large sample can Provide more information about the Population. As the sample size Increases, analysts will be more confident about the survey results. On the other hand, the costs for survey will increase in time and manpower. Therefore, determination of the sample size is a trade-off between the required accuracy and the cost. In addition, permitted error and significance level should be considered. Sample size determination in surveys for O/D estimation is also connected with confidence of survey result. However, the past methods were usually too simple to consider confidence. Therefore, a new method for O/D surveys was Proposed and it was accurate enough, but it has too large sample size when we have current budget constraint. In this research, several minimum sample size determination methods for origin-destination survey under budget constraint were proposed. Each method decreased sample size, but has its own advantages. Selection of the sample size will depend on the study Purpose and budget constraint.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.562-566
• /
• 2000

$\beta-D-Mannopyranosyl$ disaccharides have been obtained from the coupling of 4,6-O-benzylidene derivatives of ethylthio $\alpha-D-mannopyranoside$ employing NIS-TfOH promoter. NIS-TfOH promoted couplings of the corresponding ethylthio $\beta-D-glucopyranoside$ and produced $\alpha-D-glucopyranosyl$ disaccharides. IDCP (iodonium dicollidine perchlorate) was inactive toward the 4,6-O-benzylidenated ethylthio glucopyranosyl donor. However,lDCP coupled the 4,6-O-benzylidenated $ethylthio-\beta-D-galactopyranoside$ to give a-D-galactopyranosyl disaccharides.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.36 no.3 s.142
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 2005

A known flavonoid compound, $apigenin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$, was isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Isolated compound, $apigenin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$ showed strong anti-ulceric activity in rats.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.172-177
• /
• 2014

A glycosyltransferase, YjiC, from Bacillus licheniformis has been used for the modification of the commercially available isoflavonoids genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin. The in vitro glycosylation reaction, using UDP-${\alpha}$-D-glucose as a donor for the glucose moiety and aforementioned four acceptor molecules, showed the prominent glycosylation at 4' and 7 hydroxyl groups, but not at the $5^{th}$ hydroxyl group of the A-ring, resulting in the production of genistein 4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, genistein 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (genistin), genistein 4',7-O-${\beta}$-D-diglucoside, biochanin A-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (sissotrin), daidzein 4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, daidzein 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (daidzin), daidzein 4', 7-O-${\beta}$-D-diglucoside, and formononetin 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (ononin). The structures of all the products were elucidated using high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array and high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR QTOF-ESI/MS) analysis, and were compared with commercially available standard compounds. Significantly higher bioconversion rates of all four isoflavonoids was observed in both in vitro as well as in vivo bioconversion reactions. The in vivo fermentation of the isoflavonoids by applying engineered E. coli $BL21(DE3)/{\Delta}pgi{\Delta}zwf{\Delta}ushA$ overexpressing phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and glucose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase (galU), along with YjiC, found more than 60% average conversion of $200{\mu}M$ of supplemented isoflavonoids, without any additional UDP-${\alpha}$-D-glucose added in fermentation medium, which could be very beneficial to large scale industrial production of isoflavonoid glucosides.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2015

One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) were fabricated by RF sputtering technique on p-Si (100), and fused quartz substrates. The 1D PCs structures consisted of $TeO_x$ (x=1.42), and $SiO_2$ with the difference refractive index. In order to estimate the effect on a defect level within 1D PCs structures, samples were prepared with both normal, and defect mode. The structural and optical properties were confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (UV-VIS-NIR) respectively. In the case of a 1D PC normal mode without defect layer, it had a photonic band gap (PBG) in the near infrared (NIR) region. In the case of a 1D PC defect mode with defect layer, it had a sharp transmission band owing to a defect level, and moved towards the longer wavelength after exposing He-Cd laser with a wavelength of 325 nm.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.30 no.3_4
• /
• pp.455-462
• /
• 2012

The cyclic group $Cn={\langle}(12{\cdots}n){\rangle}$ acts on the set ($^{[n]}_k$) of all $k$-subsets of [$n$]. In this action of $C_n$ the number of orbits of size $d$, for $d|n$, is $$O^{n,k}_d=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{\frac{n}{d}|s|n}{\mu}(\frac{ds}{n})(^{n/s}_{k/s})$$. Stanton and White[7] generalized the above identity to construct the orbit polynomials $$O^{n,k}_d(q)=\frac{1}{[d]_{q^{n/d}}}\sum_{\frac{n}{d}|s|n}{\mu}(\frac{ds}{n})[^{n/s}_{k/s}]{_q}^s$$ and conjectured that $O^{n,k}_d(q)$ have non-negative coefficients. In this paper we give a combinatorial proof for the positivity of coefficients of the orbit polynomial $O^{n,3}_d(q)$.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.349-358
• /
• 2017

The cyclic group $C_n={\langle}(12{\cdots}n){\rangle}$ acts on the set $(^{[n]}_k)$ of all k-subsets of [n]. In this action of $C_n$ the number of orbits of size d, for d | n, is $$O^{n,k}_d={\frac{1}{d}}{\sum\limits_{{\frac{n}{d}}{\mid}s{\mid}n}}{\mu}({\frac{ds}{n}})(^{n/s}_{k/s})$$. Stanton and White [6] generalized the above identity to construct the orbit polynomials $$O^{n,k}_d(q)={\frac{1}{[d]_{q^{n/d}}}}{\sum\limits_{{\frac{n}{d}}{\mid}s{\mid}n}}{\mu}({\frac{ds}{n}})[^{n/s}_{k/s}]_{q^s}$$ and conjectured that $O^{n,k}_d(q)$ have non-negative coefficients. In this paper we give a constructive proof for the positivity of coefficients of the orbit polynomial $O^{n,2}_d(q)$.