• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.4C
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• pp.193-200
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• 2010

This study suggests a method predicting at-rest coefficient of earth pressure ($K_0$) in order to evaluate the effect of stress history of granular soil. The method is based on the relation $K_D/K_0={\chi}(E_D/{\sigma}_m{^{\prime}})^{\delta}$, which is developed by combining two previously published relations such as $E_D/{\sigma}_m{^{\prime}}-{\psi}$ and $K_D/K_0-{\psi}$. As $K_D$ and $E_D$ are observed to be sensitive to the pre-stress, both indices are adopted for the estimation of $K_0$ value of granular soil. It is shown that the proposed $K_D/K_0-E_D/{\sigma}_m{^{\prime}}$ relation is insignificantly affected by the stress history. It is concluded from the comparative study that the proposed method, which uses only dilatometer test results to predict the $K_0$ of granular soil, provides more convenient and reliable prediction than other methods which use both CPT and DMT results.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2C
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• pp.95-107
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• 2010

To calculate the end bearing capacity of a drilled Shaft socketed into the rockmass, the unconfined compression strength could be used. But it is difficult to find the unconfined compression strength because it is impossible to get undisturbed samples in weathered soils and rocks. So, to calculate the end bearing capacity, the existing bearing formula could not be used. In this study, for five zones (near pile tip, tip~lower 1D, tip~lower 2D, upper 1D~lower 1D, upper 1D~lower 2D), the relationships between the characteristic values of in-situ tests(SPT, DCPT PMT, BST) and the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts were analysed. As a result, DCPT results were represented the best credibility. Also, a design chart of end bearing capacity using DCPT was suggested.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.605-612
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• 2014

The p73 gene contains an extrinsic P1 promoter and an intrinsic P2 promoter, controlling the transcription of the pro-apoptotic TAp73 isoform and the anti-apoptotic ${\Delta}Np73$ isoform, respectively. The DNA methylation status of both promoters act equally in the epigenetic transcriptional regulation of their relevant isoforms. The aim of this study was to analyze the different effects of these p73 isoforms in 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC)-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We investigated the effects of the DNA demethylation agent, 5-aza-dC, on the T-47D breast cancer cell line, and evaluated the methylation status of the p73 promoters and expression of TAp73 and ${\Delta}Np73$. Furthermore, we assessed the expression of p53 and p73 isoforms in 5-aza-dC-treated T-47D cells and p53 knockout cells. 5-aza-dC induced significant anti-tumor effects in T-47D cells, including inhibition of cell viability, G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. This was associated with p73 promoter demethylation and a concomitant increase in TAp73 mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, the methylation status of promoter P2 was not associated with ${\Delta}Np73$ mRNA or protein levels. Furthermore, demethylation of P2 failed to inhibit the expression of ${\Delta}Np73$ with 5-aza-dC in the p53 knockdown cell model. Our study suggests that demethylation of the P1 and P2 promoters has opposite effects on the expression of p73 isoforms, namely up-regulation of TAp73 and down-regulation of ${\Delta}Np73$. We also demonstrate that p53 likely contributes to 5-aza-dC-induced ${\Delta}Np73$ transcriptional inactivation in breast cancer cells.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.192-196
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop the suitable plant mat for garden mum. The results about growth 2 months after cutting of garden mum (Dendranthema grandiflorum 'White Miri') under 6 different plant-mat treatments using coir tape were as follows. The majorities of cuttings were withered under treatments of non-soiled 15 mm thick mat (C treatment). On the other hand, the same thick mat having a hole filled with soil 3 mm in diameter (D treatment) and the 30 mm thick mat having a hole filled with soil (F treatment) showed the best growth results. The survival rates of treatments D and F showed the higher rates of 100 and 90%, respectively than those of respective 56.3 and 20% of two layers without medium (A treatments) and C treatment having respective 10 and 15 mm thick non-soiled mats. The plant height showing the similar tendency with the result of the survival rate was shown with the lower value of 7.97 and 7.15 cm, respectively under treatments A and C, compared with the higher value of 9.74 and 9.80 cm respectively under treatments D and F. For flower gardening, it is better to adopt treatment D based on the our investigational results that treatment D required less soil than treatment F and had no trouble with forming adventitious roots for manufacturing mats and effective transferring.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2012

An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of the same amount of 18:2 offered either as 18:2n-6 or as a mixture of unprotected 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 on feed intake, milk components as well as plasma and milk fatty acid profile. Fifteen cows were blocked by milk yield and milk fat percentage and within block assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 5). Each cow passed a 12-d adjustment period (AP) on a basal diet. After the AP cows received 1 of 3 supplements during an 18-d experimental period (EP). The supplements contained either 1.0 kg ground sunflower seeds (S), 0.5 kg conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-oil (C) or 0.75 kg of a mixture of ground sunflower seeds and CLA-oil (2:1; SC). All 3 supplements contained the same amount of 18:2 either as CLA (${\Sigma}18$:2c9t11+18:2t10c12, 1:1) or as 18:2c9c12. During the last 2 d of AP and the last 4 d of EP feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily and milk samples were collected at each milking. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 11 of AP and d 15 and 18 of EP. The 18:2 intake increased in all treatments from AP to EP. Regardless of the amount of supplemented CLA, the milk fat percentage decreased by 2.35 and 2.10%-units in treatment C and SC, respectively, whereas in the treatment S the decrease was with 0.99%-unit less pronounced. Thus, C and SC cows excreted daily a lower amount of milk fat than S cows. The concentration of trans 18:1 in the plasma and the milk increased from AP to EP and increased with increasing dietary CLA supply. While the concentration of 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 in the plasma and that of 18:2t10c12 in the milk paralleled dietary supply, the level of 18:2c9t11 in the milk was similar in C and CS but still lower in S. Although the dietary concentration of CLA was highest in treatment C, the partial replacement of CLA by sunflower seeds had a similar inhibitory effect on milk fat synthesis. Comparable 18:2c9t11 levels in the milk in both CLA treatments implies that this isomer is subjected to greater biohydrogenation with increasing supply than 18:2t10c12. The fact that unprotected 18:2t10c12 escaped biohydrogenation in sufficient amounts to affect milk fat synthesis reveals opportunities to develop feeding strategies where reduced milk fat production is desirable or required by the metabolic state of the cow.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2018

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), a cyclic hypothalamic peptide composed of 17 amino acids, was initially identified in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as a regulator of pigmentation. Mammalian MCHs are cyclic hypothalamic peptides composed of 19 amino acids that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. The present study examined not only MCH expression of different tissues but also the melanohore aggregation and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx of fMCH and the other MCH. Real-time qPCR showed that MCH expressed specially in the brain, gonad, and ovary, and expression of MCH was observed during the developmental stages. In the application of synthetic fMCH and both types of synthetic fMCH, dN-fMCH and dC-fMCH, scale melanophore induced significant changes in aggregation activity with various concentrations of MCH. Also, compared to hMCH and sMCH, fMCH exhibited a 36~99.85% increase in relative potency (%), whereas aggregation of dN-fMCH and dC-fMCH remained in a high concentration. However, dispersion was induced rapidly according to be low concentration of dN-fMCH and dC-fMCH. We show that fMCH and its derivates were bound human MCHR1 and rat MCHR expressed in HEK293T cells with nano-molar affinity and are likely to be ligand-induced to mobilize intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. These results may provide new ligands for binding assay with MCHew ligands, as a structure similar to the mammalian MCH structure was discovered in fish. Once the fMCH receptor system is in place, it can be compared to the MCH system of mammals in terms of MCH function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

For the preliminary experiments of mass Production of tobacco cells in tank culture, the effects of nutritional conditions on the growth of suspended cells were investigated ; 1. The tobacco cell growth was affected by concentrations of sucrose or inorganic phosphate, type of nitrogen source, and plant hormone, especially 2, 4-D. 2. The optimum level of sucrose concentration was 3% and the level of inorganic phosphate was 0.3mg /ml, which was about twice as high as the level of Linsmaier - Skoog medium. 3. The best growth was observed when the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen was 2 : 1, where the total nitrogen content was equal to that of nitrogen source. 4. To find out the mechanism of promotive effects of 214-D and inorganic phosphate on the tobacco cell growth, the respiration and metabolism of $^{14}\textrm{C}$-91ucose were investigated. Addition of 2, 4 -D in culture medium increased if 2, 4-D (0.2ppm )was added to medium or the level of inorganic Phosphate was raised 2.5 times as high as standard. In cultures with high inorganic phosphate and 2, 4-D, the absorbed 14C-glucose was converted to amino acids and organic acids rather than remained as sugars.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2005

Structure-activity relationship studies of allylamine type of antimycotics were carried out to evaluate the effect of naphthyl and methyl portion of naftifine. Compounds with 3,4-difluorophenyl (2a-5a), 4-hydroxyphenyl (2b-5b), 3-nitro­phenyl (2c-5c), 4-chlorobenzothiazoly (2d-5d) and 5-methylfurfural (2e-5e) instead of naphthyl group, and with hydrogen (3a-3e), methyl (4a-4e) and ethyl (5a-5e) in the place of methyl in naftifine were synthesized and tested for their in vitro anti-fungal activities against five different fungi. Fourteen compounds (3a, 4a, 5a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 3c, 4c, 5c, 3d, 4d, 3e, 4e and 5e) showed significant anti-fungal activities against T. mentagrophytes. (E)-N-(3-Phenyl-2-propenyl)-3,4-difluoro-ben­zenemethaneamine(3a), (E)_N_(3_phenyl_2_propenyl)_4_hydroxy_benzenemethaneamine(3b) and (E)-N-ethyl-N-(3-phenyl­2-propenyl)-3-nitro-benzenemethaneamine (5c) displayed moderate anti-fungal activities against all five different fungi.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1984

This experiment carried out to obtain the thermophilic yeast, suitable for ethanol fermentation, and two usable strain were isolated. And microbial characteristics of these strains were investigated, and ethanol fermentation tested. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The selected yeasts were identified D-71 with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and J-515 with Saccharomyces fermentati. 2. The strains D-71 and J-515 were showed the highest ethanol fermentation activity in the crushed corn mash of high concentration at $35^{\circ}C$, and showed the slightly lower at $40^{\circ}C$ than in the case of $35^{\circ}C$. 3. The strains D-71 and J-515 were showed the very higher ethanol fermentation activity than that of compared strain at $35^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, and at these temperature, fermentation period was a little bit of short. 4. On fermentation test using D-71 and J-515, the residual total sugar in the mash was very lower at $35^{\circ}C$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1590-1598
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• 2003

In this paper we have presented the results for viscosity and self-diffusion constants of model systems for four liquid n-alkanes ($C_{12}, C_{20}, C_{32}, and C_{44}$) in a canonical ensemble at several temperatures using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The small chains of these n-alkanes are clearly $<{R_{ee}}^2>/6<{R_g}^2>>1$, which leads to the conclusion that the liquid n-alkanes over the whole temperatures considered are far away from the Rouse regime. Calculated viscosity ${\eta}$ and self-diffusion constants D are comparable with experimental results and the temperature dependence of both ${\eta}$ and D is suitably described by the Arrhenius plot. The behavior of both activation energies, $E_{\eta}$ and $E_D$, with increasing chain length indicates that the activation energies approach asymptotic values as n increases to the higher value, which is experimentally observed. Two calculated monomeric friction constants ${\zeta}$ and ${\zeta}_D$ give a correct qualitative trend: decrease with increasing temperature and increase with increasing chain length n. Comparison of the time auto-correlation functions of the end-to-end vector calculated from the Rouse model for n-dodecane ($C_{12}$) at 273 K and for n-tetratetracontane ($C_{44}$) at 473 K with those extracted directly from our MD simulations confirms that the short chain n-alkanes considered in this study are far away from the Rouse regime.