• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1976

This study was attempted to know that the interactions of various fungi, and methionine and $MgSO_4$ introduced as the substrate of culture media for fungi were affected to produce aflatoxins by Asp. flavus. 5 different fungi were isolated from the fermented soybean mash and were cultured in Chemically Defined medium (C. D. media) and soybean mash at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. (1) It was confirmed that Asp. flavus produced aflatoxins in the C. D. medium and soybean mast, but that Asp. niger, Asp. oryzae, Asp. awamori and Asp. terreus did not produced them respectively. (2) Asp. flavus cultured with Asp. niger did not produce aflatoxins in C. D. medium, but produced in soybean mash, in other hand, Asp. flavus with other fungi except Asp. niger produced aflatoxins in C. D. medium and soybean mash. (3) The growth of fungi were more prosperous in the seperate culture than in the mixed culture. (4) In the C. D. medium added 20% of cultured medium of Asp. niger, Asp. flavus did not produce aflatoxins but other cultured medium did not prohibit the production of aflatoxins by Asp. flavus. (5) On the contrary, $MgSO_4$ increasing the productivity of aflatoxins by Asp. flavus in the C. D. medium, methionine known as one of precursor of aflatoxins did not affected the increasing productivity with significance.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2021

For conventional AESA radars, DC-DC power modules using 300 Vdc have low efficiency, high volume, heavy weight, and high price, which have problems in modularity with T/R module groups. In this paper, to improve these problems, we propose a distributed DC-DC power module with high-voltage 800 Vdc and high-efficiency Step-down Converter. In particular, power requirements for modern and future marine weapons systems and sensors are rapidly evolving into high-energy and high-voltage power systems. The power distribution of the next generation Navy AESA radar antenna is under development with 1000 Vdc. In this paper, the proposed highvoltage, high-efficiency DC-DC power modules increase space(size), weight, power and cooling(SWaP-C) margins, reduce integration costs/risk, and reduce maintenance costs. Reduced system weight and higher reliability are achieved in navy and ground AESA systems. In addition, the proposed architecture will be easier to scale with larger shipboard radars and applicable to other platforms.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1984

콩 종자(種子) 14개(個) 시료(試料)를 Blotter법(法)으로 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 부생성(腐生性) 사상균(絲狀菌)은 Alternaria tenuis, Arthrobotrytis sp., Aspergillus spp., Cephalosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. semitectum, F. solani, Pennicillium spp. 및 Rhizopus sp. 등이 검출(檢出)되었고, 병원성사상균(病原性絲狀菌)은 Cercospora kikuchii, Colltotrichum truncatum, Diaporthe phaseolorum sojae 및 Fusarium oxysporum 등이 검출(檢出)되었다. C. kikuchii, C. truncatum, D. phaseolorum sojae 및. F. oxysporum에 의해서 자연상태(自然狀態)에서 이병(罹病)된 종자(種子)로부터 유묘(幼苗)의 병징발현(病徵發現)이 어떻게 일어나는가를 조사(調査) 논의(論議)하였다. C. truncatum, D. phaseolorum sojae 및 F. oxysporum에 의해서 병든 종자(種子)는 발아율(發芽率)이 유묘생육(幼苗生育)에 영향을 미쳤다. 병원성(病原性) 사상균(絲狀菌)의 인공접종(入工接種) 결과(結果) 모두 병원성(病原性)이 나타났으나 F. oxysporum은 약하게 나타났다. C. kikuchii, C. truncatum, D. phaseolorum sojae 및 F. oxysporum에 대한 효과적(效果約)인 종자소독제(種子消毒劑)는 Benlate-T, Homai, Tecto 및 Sisthane이었으며, Arasan, Captan, Busan-30 및 Mercron은 C. kikuchii에는 효과(效果)가 낮았으나 기타(其他) 병원균(病原菌)에는 효과(效果)가 있었다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에 공시(供試)된 약제(藥劑)는 병든 종자(種子)의 발아율(發芽率)을 증진(增進)시키는 효과(效果)가 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1280-1285
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• 2006

다양한 조건으로 대두를 침지하여 대두 발아시 미생물에 의한 오염을 최대한 방지하고 발아율을 높이는 조건을 검토하기 위해 대두를 멸균수, 0.1%의 자몽씨 추출물과 0.1%의 비타민 $B_1$ 유도체(AS5, vitagen)용액 등에 $25^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}C$에서 $3\sim12$시간 동안 침지시킨 후 $25^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 95%의 조건에서 3일 동안 발아시키며 발아율을 관찰하였다. 침지전 대두의 일반 미생물수는 $6.0\times10^5CFU/g$, 대장균군수는 $3.0\times10^5CFU/g$이었고, 대부분의 침지조건에서 미생물 오염 정도는 감소하였다. 침지 대두의 발아율은 침지시간이 길어질수록 미침지 대두보다 발아율이 떨어졌고 $45^{\circ}C$이상에서는 급격히 떨어져 $55^{\circ}C$에서는 발아가 거의 일어나지 않음이 관찰되었다. 대두의 발아율은 침지용액의 종류와 침지시간 및 온도에 의해 영향을 받았으며, 대두의 미생물 오염 감소와 초기발아를 유도를 위한 최적 조건은 자몽씨 추출물을 사용하여 $35^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 침지시켰을 때였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4727-4732
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancers are becoming more frequently diagnosed at early stages with improved long term outcomes. Late normal tissue complications induced by radiotherapy must be avoided with new breast radiotherapy techniques being developed. The aim of the study was to compare dosimetric parameters of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk between conformal (CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) after breast-conserving surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients with early stage left breast cancer received adjuvant radiotherapy after conservative surgery, 10 by 3D-CRT and 10 by IMRT, with a dose of 50 Gy in 25 sessions. Plans were compared according to dose-volume histogram analyses in terms of PTV homogeneity and conformity indices as well as organs at risk dose and volume parameters. Results: The HI and CI of PTV showed no difference between 3D-CRT and IMRT, V95 gave 9.8% coverage for 3D-CRT versus 99% for IMRT, V107 volumes were recorded 11% and 1.3%, respectively. Tangential beam IMRT increased volume of ipsilateral lung V5 average of 90%, ipsilateral V20 lung volume was 13%, 19% with IMRT and 3D-CRT respectively. Patients treated with IMRT, heart volume encompassed by 60% isodose (30 Gy) reduced by average 42% (4% versus 7% with 3D-CRT), mean heart dose by average 35% (495cGy versus 1400 cGy with 3D-CRT). In IMRT minimal heart dose average is 356 cGy versus 90cGy in 3D-CRT. Conclusions: IMRT reduces irradiated volumes of heart and ipsilateral lung in high-dose areas but increases irradiated volumes in low-dose areas in breast cancer patients treated on the left side.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.443-452
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• 1994

This study describes the effects of novel1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D$_3$ analong[1,25(OH)$_2$-16ene-23yne-26, 27-F6-D$_3$] on proliferation of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 in vitro. We also examined the expression of c-myc oncogene in U937 cells was apparently inhibited to 62% and 87% of the control level after 4 days in the presence of 10-8M and 10-7 M of this analog, respectively. This compound morpholgically and functionally differentiated U937 cells to nonocyte-macrophage phenotype showing the increase of adherence ability to surface and a decrease of N/C ratio in Giemsa staining . Especially, nonspecific esterase activity which is a marker of cell differentiation to monocyte-macrophage was positive, and production of the positive stained cells increased in a dose dependent fashion . The expression of c-myc oncogene by 1, 25(OH)$_2$D$_3$ analog(10-7 M) was reduced by 60% at the mRNA level as determined by Northern blotting. The effects of this novel analog on cell proliferation and cell differentiation may open op new therapeutic strategies for human disorders such as psoriassis and may provide a tool to understand the mechanism of action of vitamin D$_3$ seco-steroids in malignancy.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2003

The biological denitrification batch tests were conducted to optimize the operating conditions with various temperature and initial SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $O_3$-N ratio. and the denitrification rates were analyzed various SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $o_3$-N ratio of influent with swine wastes fermented and temperature. The finishing time of denitrification was within 15 hours, 12 hours, and 6 hours as the temperature of denitrification applied were 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, and 31$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, respectively. From the batch tests, denitrification rate was operated with over 3 of SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $O_3$-N ratio. Denitrification rate was increased as the temperature of denitrification, increased such as 2.40-3.90 mg N $O_3$-N/gMLVSSㆍhr, 6.10-7.60 mgN $O_3$-N/gMLVSSㆍhr, and 14.40-15.88 mgN $O_3$-N/gMLVSSㆍhr, respectively. The denitrification rate was increased as the ratio of initial SCO $D_{Cr}$ N $O_3$-N increased. However, it was found that the suitable ratio of SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $O_3$-N for denitrification should be considered because the ratio of mg SCO $D_{Cr}$ , consumed per mg N $O_3$-N removed varied depend on the influent SCO $D_{Cr}$ /TKN ratios.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.669-676
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 써미스터를 이용한 온도보상회로를 이용하여 레이더 센서의 양산성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 레이더 센서에 사용되는 DRO(Dielectric Resonator Oscillator)의 유전체공진기를 제거한 후, FET의 게이트에 적절한 바이어스전압을 인가할 수 있는 온도보상회로를 이용하여 정확한 발진주파수를 조정하는데 필요한 시간을 절약함으로써 양산이 용이하도록 하였는데, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 제작한 레이더 센서의 출력주파수는 $-20^{\circ}C-+55^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 15.67MHz의 변화량을 보였으며, 출력크기의 변화는 0.65dB, 위상잡음 특성은 1MHz에서 -105.47dBc로 같은 온도범위에서 25MHz의 출력주파수 변화, 0.42dB의 출력크기 변화, -107.40 dBc의 위상잡음 특성을 보이는 유전체공진기를 이용한 발진기보다 우수하거나 비슷한 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권12호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2014

CMOS 스위치부를 이용해 출력주파수의 상/하향 변환을 제어하는 L-대역용 단측파 대역 주파수 혼합기 회로(mixer)와 C-대역용 쿼드러쳐 전압 제어발진기(QVCO)를 제안하고 TowerJazz 사의 0.18 um RFCMOS 공정을 사용하여 설계 및 제작하였다. 제안된 주파수혼합기의 L대역 출력 특성은 변환이득 6.6~7.5 dB, 이미지 제거비 70 dBc, 단자간 격리도 65 dBc 이다. 전압 제어 발진기는 6.2~6.7 GHz 의 주파수 튜닝 범위에서 4 dBm 의 출력전력을 공급한다. 공급전압은 1.8 V이며, 주파수 혼합기 중심부와 스위치에 공급되는 총 전류는 36 mA, 전압 제어 발진기에 공급되는 총 전류는 23 mA 이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2020

The differences between luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosal microbiota (MAM) were little known, especially in duodenum. In this study, LM and MAM in colon and duodenum of mice were investigated through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The lowest bacterial diversity and evenness were observed in duodenal LM (D_LM), followed by duodenal MAM (D_MAM). Meanwhile, the bacterial diversity and evenness were obviously increased in D_MAM than these in D_LM, while no significant difference was observed between colonic MAM (C_MAM) and colonic LM (C_LM). PCoA analysis also showed that bacterial communities of LM and MAM in duodenum were completely separated, while these in colon overlapped partly. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) in D_MAM was significantly higher than that in D_LM. Lactobacillus was largely enriched and was the characteristic bacteria in D_LM. The characteristic bacteria in D_MAM were Turicibacter, Parasutterella, Marvinbryantia and Bifidobacterium, while in C_LM they were Ruminiclostridium_6, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_007 and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010, and in C_MAM they were Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Mucispirillum, Alistipes, Ruminiclostridium and Odoribacter. The networks showed that more interactions existed in colonic microbiota (24 nodes and 74 edges) than in duodenal microbiota (17 nodes and 29 edges). The 16S rDNA function prediction results indicated that bigger differences of function exist between LM and MAM in duodenum than these in colon. In conclusion, microbiota from intestinal luminal content and mucosa were different both in colon and in duodenum, and bacteria in colon interacted with each other much more closely than those in duodenum.