• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.248-255
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• 2015

Induction of regeneration and maturation of the free-living gametophytes of Saccharina japonica was studied at four temperatures (5, 10, 15 and $20^{\circ}C$), four levels of irradiance (5, 10, 20 and $40{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) and three photoperiods (14 : 10, 12 : 12 and 10 : 14 h L : D). Female gametophyte fragments were maintained in active regeneration without reaching sexual maturity under conditions of $15^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D), whereas the conditions for male gametophytes were slightly different at $15^{\circ}C$, $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 14 : 10 h (L : D). The sexual maturation of female and male gametophytes took place under $5^{\circ}C$, $20{\sim}40{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D) and $15^{\circ}C$, $40{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D), respectively. These results provide basic information for controlling the regenerationand maturation of free-living gametophytes for strain improvement and cross breeding of S. japonica.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 1970

1. Aflatoxin free and highly active new type kokja was made with strong two strains of yeast (Y-16, Y-21) and two strains of highly saccharifying active Aspergillus (A-32, A-11). And they were isolated from many kinds of kokja (over hundred) collected from all over Korea. 2. Activities of new type kokja was compared with old type kokja, and results were as following. (i) Saccharifying activity; New type kokja B, C and D were excellent (over 8. 0%), and home made old type kokja were poor quality. (ii) Alcohol fermentation; New type kokja C and D were over 12% and the old type K-12 and K-161 were low activity (less than 10%). (iii) Acid fermentation; Old type kokja K-2o and K-156 (industrial use) were better than the new type C and D. (iv) Fusel oil fermentation; Old type kokja K-23, K-26 (industrial use) and K-12 (home made) fermented high fusel oil (0.07%) and new type kokja C, D and B were the lowest (0.04%). 3. Adding food preservatives (AF-2, D.E.P.C.) and heat sterilizing of wheat bran for kokja had little concerning with the activity of new type kokja. 4. In brewing test, takju made from kokja C and D were more excellent in alcohol and fusel oil concentration than those from old type kokja K-1 and K-23. Taste and odour of takju from new type kokja was good enough to drink.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.621-626
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• 2013

This study compared and analyzed the quality characteristics of five different apple juice concentrates (A~E) after alcoholic fermentation to establish test indicators for their defects. From our results, the titratable acidity was nearly similar in all diluted solutions. However, A and D showed a high pH of above 4.0 while B, C and E exhibited a low pH of below 3.0. In terms of free sugar content, maltose was undetected in A and D. In contrast, about 698 mg% maltose was found in C and more than 1,000 mg% maltose were detected in B and E. Malic acid, one of the main organic acids in apple, was measured at a high value of about 600 mg% in A and D and about 50 mg% in B, C and E. Potassium, one of the main minerals, was about 180 mg% in A and D, whereas a small amount of potassium, ranging between 6~9 mg% were present in B, C and E. Preservative (by sorbic acid) was not detected at all in all apple juice concentrates (A~E). When the above diluted apple concentrates were fermented, the alcohol contents were 11.2% and 10.8% in DAFB and AAFB, respectively. Alcoholic fermentation almost did not take place in BAFB, CAFB and EAFB. The use of maltose as the yeast may have influenced the fermentation. However, B, C and E were thought to be either defective or contaminated apple concentrates based on the analysis results of free sugar and organic acid.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine sequence variation and RFLP of the mt DNA D-loop region using Southern blot hybridization analysis and to develop mt DNA marker affecting milk production traits in Hanwoo cows. The PCR was used to amplify an 1142 bp fragment within the D-loop region of mt DNA using specific primers. Mt DNA were digested with seven restriction enzymes and hybridized using DIG-labeled D-loop probe. The mt DNA RFLP polymorphisms were observed in the four enzymes, BamHI, RsaI, XbaI and HpaII. Nucleotide substitutions were detected at positions 441 (G/C), 469 (T/C), 503 (C/T), 569 (G/A), 614 (C/A) and 644 (C/T) of the mt DNA D-loop region between two selected lines. Significant relationship between the XbaI RFLP type and breeding value was found(p<0.05). Cows with A type had higher estimated breeding values than those with B type (P<0.05) between high and low milk production lines. Therefore, the RFLP marker of mt DNA could be used as a selection assisted tool for individuals with high milk producing ability in Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.622-630
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• 2017

The induction of regeneration and the maturation of the free-living gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida were studied at temperatures(5, 10, 15 and $20^{\circ}C$), irradiance (5, 10, 20 and $40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) and photoperiods (14 : 10, 12 : 12 and 10 : 14 h L: D). Female gametophyte fragments were maintained in active regeneration without them reaching sexual maturity under conditions of $15^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D); by contrast, the conditions for male gametophytes were slightly different at $15^{\circ}C$, $5{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 14 : 10 h (L: D). The sexual maturation of female and male gametophytes took place under $5^{\circ}C$, $20-40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D) and $15^{\circ}C$, $40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D), respectively. These results provide basic information for controlling the regeneration and maturation of free-living gametophytes for srain improvement as well as the cross breeding of U. pinnatifida.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.576-583
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• 2018

Investigation of optimal temperature, irradiance and photoperiod conditions for free-living gametophytes of Saccharina sculpera for natural resources conservation and mass cultivation of endangered species in the eastern coast of Korea. Induction of regeneration and maturation of the free-living gametophytes of S. sculpera were cultured at temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$), irradiance (10, 20, 40, 60 and $80{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and photoperiods (14:10, 12:12 and 10:14 h L:D). The female gametophyte were actively regenerated without reaching sexual maturity under $10^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 12:12 h (L:D) conditions. In contrast, the conditions for male gametophytes were slightly different at $15^{\circ}C$, $10{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 12:12 h (L:D). The sexual maturation of female and male gametophytes took place under $15^{\circ}C$, $40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 14:10 h (L:D) and $10^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10:14 h (L:D), respectively. These results provide basic information for controlling the regeneration and maturation of free-living gametophytes for conservation and utilization of S. sculpera.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 2013

In this paper, a C-band 10 W power amplifier with internally matched input and output matching circuit is designed and fabricated. The used power transistor for the power amplifier is GaAs pHEMT bare-chip. The wire bonding analysis considering the size of the capacitor and the position of transistor pad improves the accurate design. The matching circuit design with the package effect using EM simulation is performed. To reduce the unsymmetry of IMD3 in 2-tone measurement due to the memory effect, the bias circuit minimizing the memory effect is proposed and employed. The measured $P_{1dB}$, power gain, and power added efficiency are 39.8~40.4 dBm, 9.7~10.4 dB, and 33.4~38.0 %, respectively. Adopting the proposed bias circuit, the difference between the upper and lower IMD3 is less than 0.76 dB.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.710-717
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• 2010

Even though there are 256 possible 1-qudit(1-variable quantum digit) functions in quaternary logic, the most useful functions are 4!=24 ones capable of representing in QGFSOP expressions by possible permuting of 0,1,2, and 3. In this paper, we propose a permutational literal(PL) representation and a QPL(Quaternary PL) gate which use the operands of a multiplicand A and an augend D in $Ax^C$+D(GF4) operation as a control variable of multi-cascaded PLs. And we also present new PL synthesis algorithms to synthesize QGFSOP expressed 24 (1-qudit) functions by applying three PL operators as ab(mutual permutation), + D(addition), and XA (multiplication). Finally architectures, circuits, and a CMOS implementation to realize proposed PL synthesis algorithms for $Ax^C$+D(GF4) functions are presented.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2006

To determine the anticancer effect of D-amygdalin (D-mandelinitrole-${\beta}$-D-gentiobioside) in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562, we profiled the gene expression between amygdalin treatment and control groups. Through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the cytotoxicity of D-amygdalin was $57.79{\pm}1.83%$ at the concentration of 5 mg/mL for 24 h. We performed cDNA microarray analysis and compared the gene expression profiles between D-amygdalin (5 mg/mL, 24 h) treatment and control groups. Among the genes changed by D-amygdalin, we paid attention to cell cycle-related genes, and particularly cell cycle regulator genes; because arrest of cell cycle processing was ideal tactic in remedy for cancer. In our data, expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) (CDKN1B), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (includes complementation groups A, C, and D) (ATM), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2) (CDKN1C), and CHK1 checkpoint homolog (CHEK1, formally known as CHK1) were increased, while expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), and cyclin E1 (CCNE1) were decreased. The pattern of these gene expressions were confirmed through RT-PCR. Our results showed that D-amygdalin might control cell cycle regulator genes and arrest S phase of cell cycle in K562 cells as the useful anticancer drug.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 1996

Ink trap is one of the important factors to determine the color in multi-color overprints. This study was carried out for the purpose for analyzing the relationships between ink traps and color differences in two-color solid overprints. The specimens were printed under four different conditions that the overprinting ink sequence of M(Magenta) or C(Cyan) and the overprinting method of W(Wet-on-Wet) or D(Wet-on-Dry) were changed altermately, that is M+C-W or C+M-W and M+C-D or C+M-D.