• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2015

본 연구는 가열 한우육 및 호주산우육 스테이크에서 심부온도에 따른 glucose, lactate 및 핵산 분해 물질 함량을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 시료로 한우육(거세우, 1등급) 및 호주산우육(Bos indicus, 100일 곡류 비육)의 등심(M. longissimus dorsi)과 우둔(M. semimembranosus)를 약 2 cm 두께로 절단하여 각각 세 그룹으로 나누고, $180^{\circ}C$ 오븐에서 심부온도가 각각 50, 70 및 $90^{\circ}C$가 되도록 가열하였다. Glucose 함량은 심부온도에 관계없이 한우육 스테이크가 호주산우육 스테이크에 비해 현저하게 높았다(P<0.05). 이와 반대로 lactate 함량은 한우육 스테이크가 호주산우육 스테이크보다 낮았다(P<0.05). 핵산 분해 물질 중 Hx 함량은 모든 심부온도에서 한우육 스테이크가 호주산우육 스테이크보다 낮았던 반면(P<0.05), GMP, IMP 및 inosine 함량은 한우육 스테이크가 높았다(P<0.05). 심부온도가 증가함에 따라 쇠고기 스테이크의 glucose 함량은 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, lactate 함량은 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 또한 핵산 분해 물질 함량은 심부온도의 증가에 따라 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 가열 한우육 스테이크의 단맛 및 감칠맛 관련 풍미 전구물질 함량이 호주산우육 스테이크보다 높았다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.164-174
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• 2014

본 연구는 양념 닭 가슴살의 양념 액에 귤 껍질 추출물(CPE, 2%), 양파 껍질 추출물(OPE, 2%), calcium lactate(2%), 난황 유래 phosvitin(0.1%)과 CPE, OPE 및 calcium lactate 복합처리를 첨가하였을 때 서로 다른 저장온도와 저장기간에 따른 항균 효과 및 품질 변화를 확인하고자 수행되었다. 모든 저장온도와 저장기간에서 CPE, OPE 및 복합 처리군의 총 호기성 세균 수는 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 확인되었으며, 가장 높은 미생물 생장 억제 효과가 있었던 처리군은 CPE 처리군이었다. 하지만, calcium lactate와 phosvitin 처리군의 미생물의 성장 억제 효과는 나타나지 않았다. pH의 경우, calcium lactate와 OPE 처리군은 모든 저장온도의 저장 0일차에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. OPE 처리군은 모든 저장온도와 저장기간에서 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 높은 적색도를 나타내었고, CPE와 함께 저장온도에 따른 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 하지만 이러한 OPE 처리군은 풍미, 맛 및 종합적 기호도에서 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 값을 보였으며, calcium lactate와 phosvitin 처리군의 종합적 기호도는 대조구와 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 양념 닭가슴살의 CPE, OPE 및 복합처리군에서 저장온도를 달리한 저장기간에 따른 미생물 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었으나, 관능적 특성을 개선하는 방법의 개발이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.38.1-38.16
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• 2024

Importance: Deaths due to neonatal calf diarrhea are still one of the most critical problems of cattle breeding worldwide. Determining the parameters that can predict diarrhea-related deaths in calves is especially important in terms of prognosis and treatment strategies for the disease. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine mortality rates and durations, survival status, and predictive prognosis parameters based on vital signs, hematology, and blood gas analyses in neonatal diarrheic calves. Methods: The hospital automation system retrospectively obtained data from 89 neonatal diarrheic calves. Results: It was found that 42.7% (38/89) of the calves brought with the complaint of diarrhea died during hospitalization or after discharge. Short-term and long-term fatalities were a median of 9.25 hours and a median of 51.50 hours, respectively. When the data obtained from this study is evaluated, body temperature (℃), pH, base excess (mmol/L), and sodium bicarbonate (mmol/L) parameters were found to be lower, and hemoglobin (g/dL), hematocrit (%), lactate (mmol/L), chloride (mmol/L), sodium (mmol/L) and anion gap (mmol/L) parameters were found to be higher in dead calves compared to survivors. Accordingly, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and dehydration findings were seen as clinical conditions that should be considered. Logistic regression analysis showed that lactate (odds ratio, 1.429) and CI^- (odds ratio, 1.232) concentration were significant risk factors associated with death in calves with diarrhea. Conclusions and Relevance: According to the findings obtained from this study, the determination of lactate and Cl^- levels can be used as an adjunctive supplementary test in distinguishing calves with diarrhea with a good prognosis.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.778-786
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of different exercise intensities on biomarkers of oxidant-antioxidant balance, inflammation, and muscle damage. Eighteen healthy and untrained male subjects were enrolled.Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to a moderate-intensityexercise(MIE, $65%VO_2max$) group(n=9) or a high-intensity exercise(HIE, $85%VO_2max$) group(n=9).Blood samples were collectedimmediately pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 60min post-exercisetoexamine oxidant-antioxidant balance(d-ROMs; BAP), inflammation(CRP; fibrinogen), muscle damage(CK; LDH), and lactate. Serum d-ROMs and BAP levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in HIE group(p<0.05). Lactate levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared pre-exercise levels in both the MIE and HIE groups(p<0.05). In addition, post-exercise serum d-ROMs and plasma lactate levels were significantly higher in the HIE group than in the MIE group(p<0.05). These results suggest that although relatively high-intensity exercises may increase oxidative stress levels in the body, they do not produce inflammatory response and/or muscle damage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.949-955
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• 2021

Previously, our research group isolated Bifidobacterium breve IDCC4401 from infant feces as a potential probiotic. For this study, we evaluated the safety of B. breve IDCC4401 using genomic and phenotypic analyses. Whole genome sequencing was performed to identify genomic characteristics and investigate the potential presence of genes encoding virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile genetic elements. Phenotypic analyses including antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme activity, production of biogenic amines (BAs), and proportion of D-/L-lactate were evaluated using E-test, API ZYM test, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and D-/L-lactic acid assay respectively. The genome of B. breve IDCC4401 consists of 2,426,499 bp with a GC content of 58.70% and 2,016 coding regions. Confirmation of the genome as B. breve was provided by its 98.93% similarity with B. breve DSM20213. Furthermore, B. breve IDCC4401 genes encoding virulence and antibiotic resistance were not identified. Although B. breve IDCC4401 showed antibiotic resistance against vancomycin, we confirmed that this was an intrinsic feature since the antibiotic resistance gene was not present. B. breve IDCC4401 showed leucine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and α-glucosidase activities, whereas it did not show production of harmful enzymes such as β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. In addition, B. breve IDCC4401 did not produce any tyramine, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, or 2-phenethylamine, which are frequently detected BAs during fermentation. B. breve IDCC4401 produced 95.08% of L-lactate and 4.92% of D-lactate. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the safety of B. breve IDCC 4401 as a potential probiotic for use in the food industry.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.23.1-23.16
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• 2023

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder (FBD). Objectives: To assess the therapeutic effects of paeoniflorin (PF) on IBS in rats. Method: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, model, positive drug, low-dose PF, medium-dose PF and high-dose PF groups (n = 10). After gavage for 2 consecutive weeks, the effect of PF on abdominal pain symptoms was assessed based on the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score, fecal water content and pathological changes in colon tissues. D-lactate, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) p65 was detected by Western blotting. The abundance and diversity changes of intestinal flora were explored using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Result: In PF groups, the mucosal morphology of colon tissues was intact, and the glands were arranged neatly and structured clearly, without obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with the model group, PF groups had significantly elevated pain threshold, and mRNA and protein levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, decreased AWR score at 20 mmHg pressure, fecal water content, mRNA levels of IL-1β, TGF-β, and TNF-α, protein level of p-NF-κB p65 and level of serum D-lactate, and reduced levels of serum IL-1β, TGF-β, and TNF-α (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). PF groups had higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, but lower abundance of Desulfovibrio, Parasutterella, and Enterococcus than those of the model group. Conclusions: PF exerts therapeutic effects on IBS in rats probably by regulating the intestinal flora, and then up-regulating the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in colon tissue while down-regulating the levels of IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, D-lactate and p-NF-κB p65.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.819-825
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• 2015

본 연구는 과당 위주의 스포츠음료 투여가 최대운동부하시 심폐기능과 젖산 및 염증반응에 미치는 영향에 대해 비교 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 D 대학교 체육학과 학생 8명으로 구성하였으며 실험시기를 2차로 나누어 스포츠 음료 투여 전과 투여 후 시기에 심폐기능과 젖산 및 염증반응 등을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 스포츠 음료 섭취 전과 섭취후 운동시간과 V0₂max, AT HRmax가 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.05), 스포츠 음료 투여 후 회복기 20분에서 젖산 농도가 유의하게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 따라서 고강도 최대운동 전 과당위주의 스포츠 음료 투여는 운동지속시간을 늘려주고 VO₂max를 높여주며, 운동 후 피로물질인 젖산축적의 빠른회복에 도움을 줄 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 비록 본 연구에서 염증 반응에 대한 효과를 완벽하게 규명하지는 못했지만 스포츠 음료 투여시 CRP의 농도가 감소하는 경향이 나타나 염증반응 개선에도 어느 정도 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 추후 과당위주의 스포츠 음료투여시 염증 반응에 대한 다양한 운동 강도와 상황에서의 기전적 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2008

For the newly isolated $H_2$-producing chemoheterotrophic bacterium Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19, anaerobic glucose metabolism was studied in batch cultivation at varying initial glucose concentrations (3.5-9.5 g/l). The carbon-mass and energy balances were determined and utilized to analyze the carbon metabolic-pathways network. The analyses revealed (a) variable production of major metabolites ($H_2$, ethanol, acetate, lactate, $CO_2$, and cell mass) depending on initial glucose levels; (b) influence of NADH regeneration on the production of acetate, lactate, and ethanol; and (c) influence of the molar production of ATP on the production of biomass. The results reported in this paper suggest how the carbon metabolic pathway(s) should be designed for optimal Hz production, especially at high glucose concentrations, such as by blocking the carbon flux via lactate dehydrogenase from the pyruvate node.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.343-347
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• 1994

Effects of betaine on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity were examined on primary culturs of chicken embryonic brain cells and on rat cortical cultures. Betaine was found to attenuate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity both morphologically and biochemically. A 30 min exposure of chicken embryonic brain cells cultured for 12 days to 500 .mu.M glutamate produced wide-spread acute neuronal swelling and neurtic fragmentation. A 2-h pretreatment of cultured chicken embryonic brain cells with i mM betaine prior to a 30 min exposure to 500 , mu, M glutamate significantly raised the survival rate of neurons in the culture. When chicken embryonic brain cells were pretreated for 2 h with i mM betaine followed by exposure to 100 .mu.M glutamate for 42 h, lactate dehydrogenase levels within the cells remained at 62% of .mu.M untreated control values while glutamate-treated control fell to 0% lactate dehydrogenase. Betaine also exerted attenuating effects on N-methyl-D-asparte-, kainate-and quisqualate-induced neurotoxicity in a similar manner to that observed with glutamate. Similar neuroprotective effects of betaine with rat cortical cultures.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.277-290
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• 1993

Dental caries is considered to be caused by demineralization by organic acid produced by microorganism. But the formation of subsurface lesion in initial caries make it diffcult to explain by simple demineralization. This study is carried out on the basis of thermodynamic concept proposed by Margolis and Moreno. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of acid concentration and pH of lactate buffer system on the artificial caries lesion progress. 160 teeth without any crack, defect or opaque enamel were used and coated with nail varnish except the window ($2{\times}3$ mm). Under the constant degree of saturation(D.S.). The teeth were divided into 8 groups according to acid concentration(10mM, 25mM, 50mM, 100mM) and pH(4.3, 5.0, 6.0). Each group was immersed in buffer solution for 3, 6, 9, 18 days under controlled temperature($25^{\circ}C$). After cutting through the window and grinding, the specimens, 100-150 um in thickness, were imbibed in water or air and examined using polarilizing microscope. The depth of the surface and subsurface surface lesion were measured. 1. In the constant pH and D. S. value, the subsurface lesion progresses more rapidly as the concentration of lactic acid increases. (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1) 2. In the constant acid concentration and DS value, the subsurface lesion progresses more slowly as the pH increases. (4.3, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0) 3. The width of surface lesion seems to be constant independant of pH and acid concentration.