• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.205-218
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• 1993

On the development of hirame(Paratichtys olivaceus) culture, outbreak of scuticociliata infection was reported to cause severe damage in Japan. To establish effective measures for isolation and cultivation of this ciliate, we tried to culture this pathogenic ciliate using medium for bacteria and fish cell lines in vitro. Scuticociliata from the brain tissues of infected fish was aseptically inoculated to CHSE-214 cells cultured in MEM-10 without antibiotic. Scuticociliata grew well and the number of ciliate reached $10^6\;cells/ml$ at temperatures of $15^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$ for 10d. The number of ciliate cultured in the cell lines is 10 times higher than the numbers cultured in the liquid medium alone. This ciliata could be cloned by dilution method. Scuticociliata isolated could grow well on 42 different cell lines that were established from marine fish, warm freshwater fish, and salmonids. This ciliate could be preserved in liquid nitrogen for more than 6 months. Subsequently, we observed the optimal temperature and salinity for growth, and tested the sensitivities of this organism to formaldehyde, flagyl(Metronidazole), Ekuteshin(Combination compound of sulfamonometoxin and ormethoprim), and ozonixation. Optimal temperature for growth was $25^{\circ}C$ and salinity was 1.0 to 1.5%. Washed scuticociliata was killed by formaldehyde at the concentration of 50ppm for 10min, but was not completely killed even at a high concentration of 400ppm for 20min in MEM-5. Flagyl and Ekuteshin can inhibit the growth of scuticociliata at the concentration of 1,000 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ in MEM-10, respectively. More than 99% of this scuticociliata could be killed by ozonization at a dose equivalent to $1.0mg/\ell$ oxidant for 30sec in sea water. Isolated scuticociliata showed the pathogenicity to the cultured hirame by artificial infection(I. P. injection, $10^5\;cells$/fish). The number of scuticociliata in the water could be counted by most probable number(MPN) method using tissue culture, and the minimum detectable number was $1.8\;cells/\ell$. The number in the reservoir tank for water supply to the culture tank was 110 cells/l. After cleaning by elimination of the sediments from of the reservoir tank and disinfected with formaldehyde, number of scuticociliata decreased and was counted less than $1.8\;cells/\ell$ and infection rate of cultured hirame was decreased.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.49-70
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• 2003

What is an exhibition? Is it of the system which is designed to serve Art Works in their representation, or is it a place where the artistic presentation could be considered as art work itself? After modernist era, the role of exhibitional space might have been shifted from those two principle raison d'$\^{e}$tre of exhibitional space into another, a new one. What Deleuze would call it as he borrowed the term from Spinozian philosophy : the Affectional Space. This new type of exhibitional space has been announced since 1969 when a Harald Szeeman, young independent curator and art critic from Swiss, has organized his brilliant exhibition "When Attitudes become Form" in Bern. For sure, these intensities in curatorial practices have been existing before like some early 20th century exhibitional efforts by Marcel Duchamp, El Lissitzky, Yve Klein, etc. It has influenced much on many of, otherwise most of contemporary art exhibiting practices. And now it seems to be necessary to give it a conceptual idea which could enlighten better the new paradigm of exhibitional practices that we try to clarify. I would propose the idea of that new exhibitional space as "space of non-organic becoming". This idea is inspired by Deleuze's ever famous philosophical work Thousand Plateaus, which, with Folds by the same author, has contributed to many contemporary and aesthetical debating issues. What is "affect"? Explaining about Spinoza's principle concepts, Deleuze defines it as a kind of durations or variations which are constituted by different levels of perfection. One perfection is precedented or followed by certain perfection bigger or lesser through lived transitions or passages. So each time it actualizes and reflects the state of All as a cut of Reality while each state of affections, images or ideas can not be separated from the duration which binds it to the precedent state and extends it to following one. Affect is also a term of changes. One affects at the same time it is affected. Exhibitional space as affect (or affectional space) is distinguished from representational and presentational space in the way it attributes movement, produces arrangements and generates new factors of artistic creation including those which are outside of ever accepted artistic elements. The concepts of affectional space are used especially to enlighten contemporary situation of artistic and curatorial processes. Art is no more limited to be seen as mere objects of aesthetical admiration, nor as art vis-$\`{a}$-vis art relationship apart from the whole. It includes possibilities and virtuality that appear in the imperceptible and undescribable manners if delimited in given language. As once noticed by Kuhn, we might be living in a paradigmatically shifting world, not only in Art but also in Life. And we need to express it more with Art as moving and affectional nods than as just a clean window or a distinct manual book.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.224-228
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• 1991

This study was carried to know factors affecting emergence of major upland weeds in soil in order to get basic information on weed control methods. Firthy eight percent of weed seeds were distributed within soil surface to 10cm in soil and 2% of weed seeds were observed in 40~50cm soil layer in field. As planting depth was deeper, emergence of weeds became poor. However Capsella bursa-pastoris can emerge at soil surface. Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus lividus, Porturaca oleracea, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum upto 3cm, Eleusine indica, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis upto 7cm. Emergence of weeds was very poor in very acid soil but good in soil pH 5.5~6.0. However emergence of weed was not affected by pH 3.5~4.0 or above. Emergence of E. indica, C. bursa-pastoris, A. retroflexus, A. lividus, C. album, E. crus-galli, Solanum nigrum, and S. viridis was good in loam soil and P. oleranea, D. sanguinalis in sandy loam soil. Emergence of weed seeds was not affected by fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding values of sesame oil meal (SOM) and to investigate the effects of its dietary supplementation on egg production in laying hens. In experiment I, the values of true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) and true amino acid availability (TAAA) were determined by force-feeding 16 ISA-Brown roosters and collecting the total excreta from the birds, The TME and TMEn of SOM were 2.30 and 1.99 kcal/g, respectively, and the average TAAA of 15 amino acids was $76.93\%$. In experiment 2, a total of ninety, 48 weeks old ISA-Brown layer were randomly divided into 9 groups of 10 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0, 5 and $10\%$ SOM for 4 weeks (30 birds per treatment). The inclusion of SOM into laying hen diets at the 5 and $10\%$ level did not affect production and quality of egg. The C18:3 $\omega$3 content of egg yolks in the $10\%$ SOM group was higher than the other groups, but not significantly. There were no adverse effects on blood parameters in layers fed treated diets containing $5\%$ or $10\%$ SOM, The results indicate that SOM can be used for layers diet up to $10\%$ without any significant negative effects on egg production and quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2010

In this paper the TRMS (Tilting Rolling-stock Maintenance System) that applies the concept of RAM (Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability) and RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance) to Preventive and Corrective Maintenance Policy for TTX (Tilting Train Express) will be discussed. We will briefly introduce the RCM concepts and discus show these concepts and procedures are implemented in the TRMS S/W. In the TRMS S/W there are four modules, System and Operations Information Module, FMECA(Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis)module, RAM Information Module, and RCM Analysis Module. The System and Operations Information Module provides the user interface for collection of systems and operations related data and the FMECA module provides a groundwork for the RCM analysis. The algorithms to calculate the reliability and failure rate for Weibull distribution and formulae to calculate the task intervals and task costs are proposed in the RAM and RCM Analysis Module respectively. There is a good possibility of applying RCM to other rolling stock maintenance systems if the benefit that RCM can brings to the maintenance world is fully recognized.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.880-884
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• 2001

Rumen microbiology research has undergone several evolutionary steps: the isolation and nutritional characterization of readily cultivated microbes; followed by the cloning and sequence analysis of individual genes relevant to key digestive processes; through to the use of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences for a cultivation-independent examination of microbial diversity. Our knowledge of rumen microbiology has expanded as a result, but the translation of this information into productive alterations of ruminal function has been rather limited. For instance, the cloning and characterization of cellulase genes in Escherichia coli has yielded some valuable information about this complex enzyme system in ruminal bacteria. SSU rRNA analyses have also confirmed that a considerable amount of the microbial diversity in the rumen is not represented in existing culture collections. However, we still have little idea of whether the key, and potentially rate-limiting, gene products and (or) microbial interactions have been identified. Technologies allowing high throughput nucleotide and protein sequence analysis have led to the emergence of two new fields of investigation, genomics and proteomics. Both disciplines can be further subdivided into functional and comparative lines of investigation. The massive accumulation of microbial DNA and protein sequence data, including complete genome sequences, is revolutionizing the way we examine microbial physiology and diversity. We describe here some examples of our use of genomics- and proteomics-based methods, to analyze the cellulase system of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and explore the genome of Ruminococcus albus 8. At Illinois, we are using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors to create libraries containing large (>75 kbases), contiguous segments of DNA from R. flavefaciens FD-1. Considering that every bacterium is not a candidate for whole genome sequencing, BAC libraries offer an attractive, alternative method to perform physical and functional analyses of a bacterium's genome. Our first plan is to use these BAC clones to determine whether or not cellulases and accessory genes in R. flavefaciens exist in clusters of orthologous genes (COGs). Proteomics is also being used to complement the BAC library/DNA sequencing approach. Proteins differentially expressed in response to carbon source are being identified by 2-D SDS-PAGE, followed by in-gel-digests and peptide mass mapping by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, as well as peptide sequencing by Edman degradation. At Ohio State, we have used a combination of functional proteomics, mutational analysis and differential display RT-PCR to obtain evidence suggesting that in addition to a cellulosome-like mechanism, R. albus 8 possesses other mechanisms for adhesion to plant surfaces. Genome walking on either side of these differentially expressed transcripts has also resulted in two interesting observations: i) a relatively large number of genes with no matches in the current databases and; ii) the identification of genes with a high level of sequence identity to those identified, until now, in the archaebacteria. Genomics and proteomics will also accelerate our understanding of microbial interactions, and allow a greater degree of in situ analyses in the future. The challenge is to utilize genomics and proteomics to improve our fundamental understanding of microbial physiology, diversity and ecology, and overcome constraints to ruminal function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5893-5900
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• 2012

It is very critical to promptly maintain airway of cardiac arrest cases or serious traumatic cases. The purpose of this study is to compare intubation rate, successful rate and pre-/post-education self-confidence between laryngeal tube (LTS) and proseal laryngeal mask (PLMA), so that it may contribute to improving the ability of 119 emergency team - a pivotal role in pre-hospitalization process - to carry out advanced airway management. In order to achieve the purpose, total 60 paramedics (Class I) who worked for incumbent 119 emergency team were asked to join a practical experiment and were also divided into two groups (LTS group: 30 people, PLMA group: 30 people). In details, they were all asked to take 3 sessions of practice (5 minutes per session) using dummy model to quantitatively measure the time and success/failure of intubation and the change of their self-confidence. As a result, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the time of intubation between LTS and PLMA group (p=.000), but there was no significant difference in the rate of successful intubation between these two groups, and self-confidence of two groups tended to significantly increase after experiment (p=.000). Conclusively, if it is necessary to promptly apply intubation to traumatic cases with immobilized cervical vertebral and lingual edema, LTS can be useful as an effective means of intubation. And it is expected that continuing intubation training using LTS will improve the ability of emergency team to perform advanced airway management for traumatic cases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.682-689
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• 2012

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and meat quality of broilers. Nine hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups with three replicate pens of 100 broiler chicks. Three treatments were i) control, ii) basal diets supplemented with 1 ml of B. licheniformis for each in feed water per day iii) basal diets supplemented with 2 ml of B. licheniformis per chick in feed water per day. The supplementation of B. licheniformis significantly increased body weight in grower chickens (p<0.05), and significantly improved the feed conversion in 3 to 6 and 0 to 6 wk feeding period compared with the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the supplement also resulted in increased protein and free amino acid contents, and decreased fat content in chicken breast fillet (p<0.05). Furthermore, improvement in sensory attributes was observed in broilers fed with the probiotic. In conclusion, B. licheniformis treatments resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in broiler productivity based on an index taking into account daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Meanwhile, the probiotic contributed towards an improvement of the chemical, nutritional and sensorial characteristics of breast fillet. Overall, the study indicates that B. licheniformis can be used as a growth promoter and meat quality enhancer in broiler poultry.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.265-285
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• 2006

In text categorization a certain level of correctness of labels assigned to training documents is assumed without solid knowledge on that of real-world collections. Our research attempts to explore the quality of pre-assigned subject categories in a real-world collection, and to identify the relationship between the quality of category assignment in training set and text categorization performance. Particularly, we are interested in to what extent the performance can be improved by enhancing the quality (i.e., correctness) of category assignment in training documents. A collection of 1,150 abstracts in computer science is re-classified by an expert group, and divided into 907 training documents and 227 test documents (15 duplicates are removed). The performances of before and after re-classification groups, called Initial set and Recat-1/Recat-2 sets respectively, are compared using a kNN classifier. The average correctness of subject categories in the Initial set is 16%, and the categorization performance with the Initial set shows 17% in $F_1$ value. On the other hand, the Recat-1 set scores $F_1$ value of 61%, which is 3.6 times higher than that of the Initial set.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

In the situation which Russia's ratification of the Kyoto protocol at February,2004, ANNEX I nations must reduce GHG(Green House Gas) discharge rate from 2008 by 2012 to the reduction level at 1990. We introduce the CO₂ ocean sequestration that is one of promising method for getting the stable CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. There are four categories : ocean transportation technique, ocean initial dissolution technique, ocean deep current evaluation technique, and ocean biological evaluation technique. In this paper, we carried out the fundamental numerical study on the ocean initial dissolution technique, when the Liquidized CO₂ is emitted at the deep ocean, It is very important to the dissolution rate of movable CO₂ interface because it Is directly impact to the ocean organism. In order to investigate the relation of the interface movement and rate of the dissolution, we develope CR(Computational Fluid Dynamics) code that was constructed by the finite volume method based on the unstructured mesh, and a droplet's boundary surface can move and one direction dissolution from disperse phase into continuous phase adopted as its physics be. This study clarifies hydrodynamic relation between solubility and movement of the droplet through the verification of the Cm code.