• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.489-494
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• 1998

In the present study, we have evaluated cytotoxic effects of Taraxaci Herba extract on human skin melanoma cells. The light microscopic study showed morphological changes AG-NOR (argyrophylic nucleolar organizer region) by silver chloride stain, and glycoprotein by PAS reaction of the treated cells. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by SRB assay.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7337-7342
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• 2015

The study aimed to investigate the profile of alkaloids in two ethyl acetate soluble fractions, namely fractions A and B from an ethanolic extract of Ficus septica leaves and cytotoxic effect on T47D breast cancer cells. Preparation of both fractions involved maceration of leaves with 70% (v/v) ethanol, filtration with $Al_2O_3$, precipitation with 0.1 N HCl, Mayer reagent, and 0.1 N NaOH, and also partition with ethyl acetate. Qualitative thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted to determine the profile of alkaloids in the two fractions, using alkaloid specific reagents such as Dragendorff, sodium nitrite, and Van Urk-Salkowski. Cytotoxic effects of both fractions on T47D cells were evaluated using MTT assay with a concentration series of 1.56; 3.12; 6.25; 12.5; 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$. The TLC test showed that fractions A and B contained alkaloids with Rx values of 0.74 and 0.80 for fraction A and 0.74, 0.84, 0.92 for fraction B with regard to yohimbine using the mobile phase of n-buthanol:glacial acetic acid:distilled water (3:1:1 v/v/v). Moreover, an indole alkaloid was detected with Rx values of 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Fractions A and B exhibited high cytotoxic effects on T47D cells with IC50 values of 2.57 and $2.73{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In conclusion, overall the results of this study showed that fractions of Ficus septica contain alkaloids including indole alkaloid or its derivatives and possess a cytotoxic effect on T47D cells. This research supports the idea that alkaloids in F. septica have anticancer activity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.163-166
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• 2007

The cytotoxic effects of partially purified substances from Bacillus polylfermenticus SCD toward a variety tumor cell lines were studied. Cytotoxic activity was determined with regard to the A549 (human lung carcinoma), AGS (human stomach adenocarcinoma), DLD-1 (human colon adenocarcinoma), HEC-1-B (human uterus adenocarcinoma), SW-156 (human kidney carcinoma), and NIH/3T3 (murine normal fibroblast) cell lines using the MTT assay. Cytotoxic substances were partially purified through Diaion HP-20 columns and extracted with methanol or other organic solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol). B. polyfermenticus SCD supernatant showed up to 60% inhibition of cell viability fer all five human cancer cell lines tested. When treated with 10 mg/mL of n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol extract, HEC-1-B cells showed a 25,62,35, and 63% rate of inhibition respectively, and AGS cells showed a 72, 61, 44, and 67% rate of inhibition, respectively. At a concentration of 10 mg/mL, 100% methanol Diaion HP-20 extracts showed inhibition rates of 97.0% toward A-549 cells, 98.1% toward AGS cells, 81.6% toward DLD-1 cells, 83.5% toward HEC-1-B cells, and 92.7% toward SW-156 cells. These results indicate that partially purified fractions from B. polyfermenticus SCD have the potential to inhibit not only colon cancer cells, but also lung, stomach uterus, and kidney cancer cells. Further studies are needed to characterize the cytotoxic substances released in B. polyfermenticus SCD cultures.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.257-261
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• 2005

Marine sponges are known to produce a number of cytotoxic secondary metabolites. In the course of searching for cytotoxic metabolites from marine organisms, we have evaluated cytotoxic activities of six marine secondary metabolites isolated from various sponges. The cytotoxic compounds 1-6 were isolated by the application of various chromatographic methods, including column chromatography and HPLC. The molecular structures were mostly determined using mass spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Furanosestererpenes (compounds 1-3) from Psammocinia sp., cyclitol derivatives (compounds 4 and 5) from Sarcotragus sp., and bromotyrosine-type compound (6) from an association of two sponges Jaspis wondoensis and Poecillastra wondoensis were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines; Hep G2, HeLa, and MCF-7. All tested compounds exhibited cyctoxicity at concentrations ranging from $5\;\mug/mL\;to\;25\;\mug/mL.$ Particularly, among the tested compounds, compound 6 showed the highest potency displaying at least $80\%$ of cytotoxicity at $5\;\mug/mL$ level against all three cancer cell lines.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2001

This study was performed to observe the cytotoxic effect of the various salted fish extracts against cancer cell line, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method. Urechis unicinctus was the strongest cytotoxic effects among any other traditional salted fish products. The growth inhibition ratio of Urechis unicinctus hot-water extracts was 94.5% at the concentration of 1000$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. On the other hand, in case of salted fish methanol extracts, salt-fermented shad gizzard was showed the strongest cytotoxic effects. The growth inhibition ratio of salt-fermented shad gizzard methanol extracts was investigated 90% at the concentration of 1000$\mu\textrm{g}$/.$m\ell$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4311-4317
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• 2014

Background: Nano-biotechnology is recognized as offering revolutionary changes in the field of cancer therapy and biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles are known to have a wide range of medical applications. Materials and Methods: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were biosynthesized with an aqueous extract of the red alga Corallina officinalis, used as a reducing and stabilizing agent. GNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and tested for cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, considering their cytotoxicty and effects on cellular DNA. Results: The biosynthesized GNPs were $14.6{\pm}1nm$ in diameter. FT-IR analysis showed that the hydroxyl functional group from polyphenols and carbonyl group from proteins could assist in formation and stabilization. The GNPs showed potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, causing necrosis at high concentrations while lower concentrations were without effect as indicated by DNA fragmentation assay. Conclusions: The antitumor activity of the biosynthesized GNPs from the red alga Corallina officinalis against human breast cancer cells may be due to the cytotoxic effects of the gold nanoparticles and the polyphenolcontent of the algal extract.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 1996

The effects of non-cytotoxic concentrations of tamoxifen, verapamil, and trifluoperazine on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in five human breast cancer cell lines were studied. A non-cytotoxic concentration of tamoxifen resulted in enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity in HTB-123, HTB-26, and MCF-7. In these three cell lines, a combination of tamoxifen with verapamil resulted in even more increased doxorubicin cytotoxicity. Addition of verapamil or trifluoperazine alone did not influence the doxorubicin cytotoxicity significantly. Only in HTB-19 did coincubation with verapamil increase the doxorubicin cytotoxicity. In HTB-123, combination of tamoxifen with trifluoperazine increased the doxorubicin cytotoxicity significantly. In the cell lines where co-incubation with tamoxifen increased doxorubicin sensitivity, high estrogen receptor expression was detected. However, HTB-20, where tamoxifen did not enhance doxorubicin action, was also estrogen receptor positive. None of the cell lines had multidrug resistance related drug efflux and drug retention was not increased by the treatment with tamoxifen and verapamil. Cell cycle traverses were not altered by incubation with tamoxifen, verapamil or combinations thereof. These observatlons suggest mechanism of non-cytotoxic concentrations of tamoxifen and verapamil on doxorubicin cytotoxicity may involve one or more other cellular processes besides those of interference of estrogen binding to its receptor, cell cycle perturbation, or drug efflux blocking.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.476-480
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• 2003

Cornis fructus was extracted by successive extraction and then fractionated with hexane extract to get active fractions. This study was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of hexane extract from Cornis fructus on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Hexane extract showed cytotoxic effect against A549, B16 melanoma and MDA-MB-231. Futher fractionation with hexane extract was performed to obtain effective fraction, fraction 3 showed the cytotoxic effect against A549 and MDA-MB-231. In antimicrobial test of each fraction of hexane extract, fraction 5 showed antimicrobial activities against P. putida and P. aeruginosa.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.40-60
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• 2012

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe antitumor, anticachexia and immunomodulatory effects of Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum(SYM) on human breast cancer cell, MCF-7, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods: Three different dosages of SYM-125, 250 and 500 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation, and the changes on the body weights, tumor volume and weights, weights of spleen and popliteal lymph node and epididymal fat, serum IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels, NK cell and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed. In addition, histopathological observations of apoptotic cell, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose were also detected. The results were compared with a potent cytotoxic estrogen receptor antagonist, Tamoxifen 20 mg/kg treated mice. Results: Tumor volumes and weights were decreased without cytotoxic effects on the both MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells as results of all three different dosages of SYM treatment. And weights of body, spleen, popliteal lymph node, epididymal fat, serum IFN-${\gamma}$, NK cell, peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were increased with decrease of serum IL-6. At histopathological observations, apoptotic tumor cells, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose tissue were increased. That means tumor-related immunosuppress and cachexia were markedly inhibited by SYM treatment as compared with tumor-bearing mice. On the other hand, Tamoxifen showed marked cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MCF-10A, decreases of tumor volume and weights, and increases of apoptotic tumor cells and related decreases of tumor cell volumes, but tamoxifen markedly deteriorated the tumor-related immune-suppress and cachexia. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that SYM showed favorable anticancer effects and anticachexic effects on the MCF-7 cell xenograft through immunomodulatory effects. SYM did not induce any cytotoxic effects against both normal and cancer cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of methanol extract from Houttuynia Cordata and Glycine soja. The cell viability was determined by MTT method. Their cytotoxic activities against three cancer cell lines such as A549, MDA-MB-231 and SNU-C4 cell line were tested. Among them, The methanol extract of Houttuynia Cordata showed the strongest cytotoxic effect against SNU-C4 cells. These results suggest that the methanol extract of Houttuynia Cordata possessed a potential antitumorous agent. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the strongest of Houttuynia Cordata methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction.